The German Language: A Journey Through its History and Dialects
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- čas přidán 7. 06. 2024
- If you want to learn German, you can check out Lingoda platform: try.lingoda.com/Sprint_Zoe
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I couldn't have made this video without the help of my German friends: @Kate and @Shamless. Thank you for your help!
00:00 Intro
01:35 Proto-Germanic
02:30 Old High German
04:05 Middle High German
05:29 Early New High German
09:13 New High German
12:03 Modern Standard German
13:36 German dialects
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How to learn German? Resources, methods, and study plan
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Was für eine sympathische, charmante und hoch gebildete junge Frau, die uns - oft so selbstvergessenen Deutschen - mit enormem Hintergrundwissen und ansteckender Begeisterung die Entwickelung und den hohen Wert unserer Muttersprache erklärt, dessen sich die meisten unserer Mitbürger kaum bewußt sind!
Baß uff da de ned uusrudschä duäsch…
Stimmt wenn die Ausländer nicht unsere Sprache und Bräuche erklären würden, wir wüßten nichts von ihnen. Besonders wenn die Erklärende ansehnlich ist....................
@@toraxmalu Wos hoschd do g'schriwwe? Isch gloab du ménschd, doss dä Rainer hievolle tuan.
Fielaich ischd dus Rheifränggisch Wikipedia (pfl.wikipedia.org ) aa e guade Oloufschdell fur dich. Persinlich kenn isch die Orthografie net genieg, om doran mit zu schaffe.
@@whohan779 mer schwätzed herre cheu "Riihfräng'gisch"… abr bisch allewiil willchoo em scheene see… - baß bloß uff, d'schwobbe schiißäd un seuchäd inne un suufäd de resch vu de woch des wassr… ;)
Tja leider sind viele Deutsche selbst der Ansicht dass man sich schämen und anpassen muss.
Vieles in der deutschen Kultur wird schnell in Verbindung mit der NS Zeit gebracht oder in die Richtung verklärt was sehr schade ist.
Kein anderes Volk auf der Welt hat so ein geringes Selbstwertgefühl wie wir und lässt sich seine Sprache so verhunzen mit Anglizismen.
Traurig dass andere mehr Interesse an unserer Sprache haben als wir selbst, aber gleichzeitig auch schön.
It's always exciting to see when you have released a new video! This one was very interesting and inspires me to make learning German a priority. When it comes to the way you put these videos together, I am seriously astounded by the attention to detail in your editing - the music, the photos and graphics, the organization are all incredible!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Low German, also called Low Saxon, is not just a German dialect, it is an independent language. You may recognize it as a bridge to English on one hand and on the other hand to the Northgemanic languages spoken in Scandinavia. That is why it was very easy for me, born and raised in Northern Germany, being familiar with the Low Saxon idiom, to learn Swedish in my youth.
Greetings from Northern Germany!
it's basically the true modern Saxon and still pretty close to the saxon dialects spoken in the expatriated parts of old Low Germany ie the Netherlands and Flanders - I can understand Dutch without ever having learned it.......except when it's spoken very fast for Nederdutch has developed a bit differently in some regards compared to Nedderdütsch....
and if somebody got the impression that the Heliand was written in southern High German = nah, OG Saxons were Northerners
@@feldgeist2637 Dutch is actually a (mostly) Franconian language and was till the High German consonant shift closer to High German instead (though at this time most West-Germanic languages were still mutually intelligible). The High German consonant shift was exclusive to High German and as such High German diverged quite a bit from Dutch and Low German.
Dutch spoken in the coastal regions - Holland and West-Flanders - also has more Saxon elements due to Saxon pirate setlements and Frisian settlements; though also due to medieval trade (especially in the case of West-Flemish) with England. West-Flemish remained more conservative than other Dutch dialects - some consider it a language - since the 16th century and is as a result more closely related to Middle Dutch. The central-east of the Netherlands still has a noticable dialect continuum with Low German. So, within the Low countries there's also a continuum of Saxon influence.
Both West-Flemish and Hollandic played an important role in establishing the standardized Dutch language, along with Brabantian. West-Flemish mostly due to its influence on the other dialects during the High-Late Middle Ages (but also migrants though more limited), Brabantian due to its importance since the end of the Middle Ages till 1585 and especially its rich and skilled migrants and Hollandic due to the locals and Holland being the most influential region when the language was standardized.
Fun fact: Afrikaans is mostly based on the dialect of Holland.
Just like High German, English would also diverge more later on (though even at the time of Middle English, yes after the Normans influenced the language, was quite similar to Dutch - especially its phonology which changed a lot from Early Modern till Modern English - and arguably the same can be said for Low German).
@@ewoudalliet1734 also de Groningers heff ik altied good verstaan wen ik doer was ün as een Nordfrees hoord sech dat al plattdütsch vör mi an.....med Afrikaans kom ik ok nog mer or minner torech.....
but you are right, Dutch is quite nuanced too and has a lot of dialects, some with frankish influences
it's only that I'm usually dealing with mostly true Hollanders, Frisians and other rather saxon Northerners (remnant old Frisii got a bit saxonized as well in the 5th AD....but ofc preserved their language in a more "ancient form"...)
half-hollandered Standard TV Dutch sounds also just like a another version of Low German to me - even sligthly more than the utlandish frisian Sölring and Ömrang from the Islands nearby does
and the Normans with their obscure O-sounds, silent Es and other abominations, indeed totally screwed up the whole english language !
brutally merging local dialects and the danish influence might've been already bad but the impact of courtly medieval French simply killed it !
their silly ways to pronounce different spellings exactly the same now (or maybe differently, whatever) without any set rules and all the strange homophones it creates makes it pretty much impossible to learn correct English on a phonetic basis alone
things like let's see the sea and their bear there for instance, or a oar of ore in front of the door...... our foul owl owns a towel
@@feldgeist2637 Well, I speak Dutch and West-Flemish (and obviously English too) and I can pretty much perfectly understand you as well (if you want to test your West-Flemish comprehension, some Wikipedia pages have a West-Flemish translation - the main issue is that there's no standardized writing style, so everything is just phonetic).
Groningen is indeed not fully Frisian anymore and Low German dialects are more common there. Though both west and east of it Frisian is still very well alive (it's a bit odd how Frisian got its own "islands" so to speak).
"half-hollandered Standard TV Dutch sounds also just like a another version of Low German to me"
That's actually quite interesting.
"and the Normans with their obscure O-sounds, silent Es and other abominations, indeed totally screwed up the whole english language !"
Well, I wasn't going to go that far, but I can surely sense your frustration haha
As for the examples you gave; a lot of that is actually also the Early Modern --> Modern English transition where such phonetic absurdities came to be (phonetics changed a lot (and only very gradually), but the writing didn't; French has a similar issue actually).
I'm not enough of an expert to know to what extent Norman influenced English in this regard; though it certainly did have an impact (since the Norman mostly influenced Old --> Middle English). French/Norman itself wasn't standardized at the time and many Norman words were taken from the language and their spelling varied greatly (e.g. pepill, pewpil, poeple etc. - so you definitely have a good point here).
Though it's also the Great Vowel shift (a gradual shift in vowel sounds, which didn't take place everywhere all at once) paired with a relatively high literacy rate (and lots of regional variations), the (early) presence of the printing press (often with people from other regions; such as Germany, the Low Countries etc.; specialized in using them) and the lack of any type of institution or attempt to standardize the language that also played a huge role.
For example, the "a" in "name", "blame" etc. was once pronounced as "ah", like in "father", "graft" or well, like in German "Name"; though shifted to "ay" without any changes being made in the way the word was written.
But in the end the English language is indeed quite a mess, yes ;)
@@ewoudalliet1734 if you want to hear an example of legit Northern Insular Frisian in its full isolated and archaic glory, ILoveLanguages managed to get a fluent Sölring speaker for their episode on the North Frisian language = The Horror !
normally it's kids or foreigners who speak the island dialects on record and it usually sound rather learned with traces of regular Low German spoiling the Frisian but not with this dude and the story about the wren is absolutely savage
if encountering such a person on Sylt, I would beg him to rather speak more easily understandable Dutch, plz
the translations in the main vid and in the one comparing it to Dutch, often aren't literal ones like "net di to rooken" (as if smelling is the same as meeting) , the "fuul Toonk" (veelen Dank) should be rather "many thanks", "niin Uarsåak" (keen Oorsaag) as "you're welcome" is just wrong and "fårwel" obviously has to be "farewell".......een "Wainhüss" is een Waagen-Hus ün de "Ual" is de Ole/Ode (Vadder)........
and the English should include some continental special characters and solid Umlaute in their alphabet to finally fix their broken language
like å, ä, ü, ei + au to properly differenciate between the sounds used in:
ålthough (although) ürban (urban) Ämerica (America) türns (turns) anäpologeticli (unapologetically) aut (out) to bi (be) moor (more) eidialistic (idealistic) bei (by) the däy (day), in the end Ei (I) wood (would) preför (prefer and I finally found a ö-example, yej !) to own a haus (house) in ä(a) småll (small) taun (town)
fix the E and I as well Englishers- no more incidents with i (ei) and bihäjv bätter !
edit: turn and urban actually also use ö-sounds and it's the ü-sound that seems to be absent in English - don't adopt the redundant ü unless you want to import Türkish words into English (or Japanese and Korean ones .....not une more French word for English !)
Und deshalb ist deutsch auch eine schwere Sprache. Sie reifte solange und schließt soviele Dialekte mit ein, unglaublich.🖤
Sehr gutes Video👍🏻
Liebe Grüße aus Deutschland 🇩🇪✌🏻
stirbt doch aus mit der aktuellen Generation. "Digga" "Sheesh" usw...
@@safedisk22Arbeiterinenenenenenenenenenenen😂
@@safedisk22 Sheesh? ich versteh immer Schüüüsch ^^
@@safedisk22 ist halt wirklich so digga
Jeder, der mal einem Ausländer geholfen hat Deutsch zu lernen, hat gemerkt wie komplex/ chaotisch unsere Sprache ist !
In the state of Bavaria, we have 4 main dialects that, when spoken very heavily, cannot be understood by people from the other parts: Franconian (Fränkisch), Swabian (Schwäbisch), Upper Palatinate (Oberpfälzerisch) and the actual Bavarian dialect. In my vocational school that comprised students from the entire Bavarian state we would sometimes collect words from our home regions, like as an example for the last bit of a bread loaf. We would often come up with ten or more completely different words.
Oberpfälzisch is also a Bavarian dialect (alt-bairisch).
Knäusle oder?
@@Berzelmayr
Ich mouch die Obäpfälzer, die senn awengla groudzu und meist lieba Leut !
Gruß aus Obäfranggn.
dialects... accent is something else.
@@carlosdumbratzen6332 im Raum Nämberch ist es das Knätzla, neben an in Färth das Knetzli, aber schon ein paar Kilometer weiter heißt das sicher schon wieder ganz anders. Schon seltsam das ausgerechnet die Bezeichnung für das Endstück vom Brot wohl am meisten von allen Begriffen variert und die jeweilige Herkunft kann wahrscheinlich auch Niemand erklären. ;)
My deep respect for delving that deep into the complex origins of my language. One has to have more than just general interest in languages, but also love for a country and its history. Vielen, vielen Dank ❤
Well done, Zoe! I appreciate the work you’ve done producing such informative video! 你真棒！
Es ist so lustig und süß wie du Deutsch redest. Respekt an dich so viele Sprachen zu sprechen.❤✨Liebe Grüße 😊
das einzige an kritik das sie manches falsch ausspricht wie kölsch da sagt sie kolsch und luther spricht sie englisch aus. aber sonst gut gemacht.
A little suggestion: Sometimes the bumping on your desk is recorded by the microphone and is heard like a deep rumble during playback on HiFi systems. These are low frequencies, around 30 to 20Hz. You can use a low/high pass filter on the audio recording to remove these bumping sounds, by only letting frequencies pass through above 20 to 30Hz.
One small note: In 1901, there was a profound spelling reform of the standard German language that also standardized spelling across all German speaking regions for the first time.
1901 or 2001? 🤔
@@baum7des7lebens7 That's really 1901. The most recent spelling reform was finalized in 2004 and 2006.
Zoe, I'm absolutely LOVING these language/culture history videos! It's so interesting learning about how languages are born and how they evolve through time. I can't wait to see more of these. Diese Videos sind sehr gut gemacht und von hoher Qualität. 👌🏻 😊 🇩🇪
Glad you like them!
Hundert Prozent Zustimmung! 😁
As someone who learns German, I appreciate this video so much and the work you’ve put into making it! Thank you so much! It truly felt like a compact lecture about the history of the language and wow it was so interesting. Honestly, I’d love to watch this type of a video about other languages that you speak. It’s so incredibly interesting to see how the languages were progressing, how historical events influenced them and how they ended up the way they are today. Once again, thank you! 🌼
Will do 🤗
@@zoe.languagesyou can bahasa Indonesia
我上大学的时候学过2年的德语。我不能否定这一门语言有自己的一种魅力，可能是因为听起来很英武，但精通它的过程又长又艰难。作为意大利人我认为学德语最大的挑战是理解冠词的用法，因为这个阶段真能影响到接下的语法点的理解。目前我所有的劲儿都装在中文的学习上，但希望以后能有机会深入研究德语。👍🍻
@@ZoeLanguages__ you can speaking Indonesia league
@@pa02tri07zio82加油，中文学习不太容易，但日常交流使用起来还是很简单的。期待你的成功！
Great job! Thank you for these videos!
Sorry, but at 13:37 where the dialects are presented, Low German appears, which is NOT a variation of the High German branch and does not fit into the explenations from before. Its development is parallel to High German and was mostly independentfrom it since about 700 - 800 AD. It was not effected by the High German consonant shift and that is what sets it strictly apart from High German. In some ways it has more in common with modern English than modern High German. Even today you can find families speaking clear Low German, but the trend goes more towards High German in the last 100 years, resulting in a complex situation in these regions today. You will find a complete spectrum from Low German - mixed - High German in daily life. Older people which do not completely understand High German still exist, but will die out.
That's very sad.
Dutch is also a form of low German. Its really a shame low German is dying out in northern Germany.
my exact reaction when she said "With the exception of Dutch which was a german dialect in the middle ages"...., up til this point her explanation has been pretty good tho
To be fair, thats pretty reasonable for a multi-language channel in terms of accuracy.
Knowing the provenance of low vs. high german and how they relate in the germanic language family tree is pretty specialized knowledge.
@@aenorist2431 But not really as specialized as "knowing" (listing) all the _formal_ periods of the language's history... (although that's the kind of shallow jeopardy-knowledge that is premiered and emphasized even by Wikipedia and similar).
Sehr schönes und informatives video, dein Sprach können ist der wahnsinn, Englisch perfekt ausgesprochen und Deutsch auch sehr sehr gut. Hut ab.
Interessant zu wissen wie sich die eigene Muttersprache entwickelte.
Mir als Schweizer fällt es einfacher die regionalen deutschen Dialekte zu verstehen, aber je weiter nördlich resp. nordwestlich desto schwieriger wird’s. Auch die länderspezifischen Unterschiede einzelner Begriffe ist interessant, z.B. engl. cream heisst in D Sahne, in CH Rahm und in A Obers.
In der Schweiz benutzen wir vermehrt französische Lehnwörter, Bürgersteig ist Trottoir und Geldbörse ist Portemonnaie.
PS: kleiner Verbesserungsvorschlag: bei den eingeblendeten Karten 2-3 Sek. länger anzeigen lassen.
Danke
Als jemand aus der Region Hannover, welche praktisch das Hochdeutsch mit dem geringsten Dialekt ist, kann ich dir sagen dass Portemonnaie auch hier (als auch generell Deutschlandweit) sehr verbreitet ist. Rahm versteht man hier aber auch fast überall, sagen würden wir aber Sahne. (Schlag)obers kenne ich auch nur aus Österreich und die meisten wüssten nicht was damit gemeint ist. Aber in Österreich sagt man ja auch Melanzani oder Paradeiser für respektiv Auberginen und Tomaten. Das kennen die allermeisten hier auch nicht. Marille(nlikör) beispielsweise wiederum schon.
Trottoir ist auch in den Regionen die nach dem WWll von Frankreich eingenommen wurden weiter verbreitet, aber das stirbt auch langsam aus. Meine Großeltern sagen das noch wären meine Eltern das schon wieder nicht benutzen
@@MehralsvierZeilnelesne ich sag das auch 😀
Als Österreicher: Rahm ist für uns nicht eindeutig: könnte Sauerrahm oder Schlagrahm ("süßrahm" verwendet eigentlich keiner) sein.
Trottoir, Portemonnaie, Plafond, Lavoir waren Wörter die erst mit der derzeitig erwachsenen Generation langsam in ihrer Benutzung auslaufen in Österreich.
Die Wörter haben sich aber nicht wegen der 10 jährigen Besetzung von Tirol und Vorarlberg und je einem Viertel (25% nicht ein bestimmtes Stadtvierteil) von Wien und Graz nach dem 2. WK in Österreich verbreitet, sondern die waren seit Napoleonschen Zeiten in Verwendung.
Die Schweizer Geschichte unter Napoleon, und die geografische Nähe, sowie die französischsprachigen Landesteile sind auch der Grund warum in CH weit mehr Lehnwörter verwendet werden als bei uns.
(Bürgersteig gibts aber z.B. nur in D, wir haben entweder heute schon seltener auch ein Trottoir, oder mehrheitlich je nach Bauform einen Gehweg oder Gesteig. 😉 Weg: wenn baulich auf Straßennieveau, Steig: wenn baulich erhöht gegenüber Fahrbahnniveau)
Aber generell finde ich die sprachlichen Unterschiede zwischen CH, D und Ö auch immer wieder interessant. (auch wenn die leider mit der jetzigen Jugend und Kindergeneration teilweise komplett einseitig verschwinden => Ein erheblicher Teil der Jugendlichen und Kinder hier in Ö hört sich an wie deutsche Touristen. 😔)
@@ezikhoyo
Melanzane (Mehrzahl) ist das italienische Wort für Auberginen.
La melanzana=die Aubergine
Paradeiser kommt von "Paradiesapfel", aus welchem dann abgekürzt "Paradeiser" entstanden ist.
Erdäpfel (Kartoffeln) deshalb, weil sie aus der Erde kommen (frz. pommes de terre). Bei uns weiß jedes Kind dass Marillen Aprikosen, Erdäpfel Kartoffeln, Melanzane Auberginen/Eierfrüchte, Topfen Quark und Rahm/Obers Sahne ist usw. Der Grund liegt wahrscheinlich darin, dass wir in mehreren Kulturen zuhause sind.
Thanks Zoe. Your videos are always useful and informative for me. Can you a make a video about how do you use anki for learning languages? I mean like a video with step by step.
This is actually so informative, Zoe. ممنون عزیزم
I want to tell you something important
@ZoeLanguages__ I want to marry you
Thanks for the new video. Love this channel)
Thank you for this portrait of my mother tongue, German. As always, it was very interesting and I learned some new facts. Like many fellow Germans, I speak Standard German (Hochdeutsch) and a local dialect, which in my case is Bavarian. 🙂
I respect you very much.. to cover the "place" with the flag of Germany.. you respect all the cultures that watch you 👏👏
But other cultures have to accept that German traditional dresses have that uncovered spot just as we have to accept that Muslim women wear headscarfs, for example. I think it is weird to "protect" other people from seeing that, it's part of our culture.
Mmm deutschland besteht nicht nur aus den komischen bayern ... jeder deutsche stamm hat seine eigenheit mit der kleidung ...mit geht auf den nerf ..das alle denken deutsche kultür wäre lederhosen und dirndel ... diese kleidungs art hat nur der süden ... jeder deutscher stamm hat auch eigene kultur
You mean boobs which get sexulized by perverts ?
She did that because she feels more comfortable that way not because of your comfort or any other cultures comfort
😂
I'm from Turkey, your videos help me a lot in my language learning journey, I hope you get rewarded for your efforts and expand your channel.
A nice well researched video..thank you for this very interesting journey
This video was truly wonderful, informative and engaging. I'm studying German by the way, I always enjoy my language learning process but my comprehension of German is extremely low, I sometimes get overwhelmed by its really complicated vocabulary, lexicon and so on. It's a unique, beautiful and logical language that requires a lot of time, energy and determination to get familiar with it. I'm pretty used to English and Spanish and it will definitely be the same with German and any other language I'm planning to learn.
Great video! I was very informative and well documented
I did practice my english and german with this video! also I knew more about german culture ! wohooo!! you rock Zoe!! well done!
Another excellent video, weiter so Zoe
I was brought up with low German or Plattdeutsch. It makes Dutch very easy to understand because it is very similar. The reason why it’s dying out is largely because in the 1970s and 1980s parents were told that their children may not learn proper high German if they spoke low German at home. This is now known to be completely false but it reduced the number of native speakers substantially. When I grew up I
Knew people who struggled with high German but they were all old even back then.
Hat nichts mit rein niederdeutschen sprach raum. Ich komme aus nähe frankfurt hessen und verstehe über den dialeckt 60 bis 80 .. wenn der niederländer einfach spricht : " wie mit kindern verstehe ich sogar 100 , kinderbücher auf niederländich kann ich 1:1 verstehen ... die alte frankische sprache geht von dünkirchen ca. Nach nordholand bis ca. Kahlruhe und nürnberg ... ich kenn jemanden aus würzburg dem gehts genauso wie mir ... die dialeckte sterben und so mit wird irgent wann kein deutscher mehr holländich verstehen .. es giebt ein alter spruch , den sagt meine omas schon alle 25 km versteht man sich gut als was weiter geht muß man genau zu hören. Bin aber auch legastemiker vieleicht ist das auch daher einfacher.
Aus "Deutsche Sprachgeschichte vom Spätmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. Band 1, Einführung, Grundbegriffe, Deutsch in der frühbürgerlichen Zeit."
von Peter Polenz
3. Auflage, von 2021, S. 291f
» Es ist davon auszugehen, dass das Mittelniederdt. seit dem 13. Jh. zu einer vollgültigen Schriftsprache entwickelt worden war (s. 4.4H), mit bedeutenden Gebrauchstexten in Rechtsleben, Religion, Geschichtstradition, Handel, Seefahrt, Hauswirtschaft, Gartenbau usw., mit dem einzigen Mangel gegenüber dem Mittelhochdt., dass die feudale Oberschicht Norddeutschlands in ihrer Standesdichtung das Hochdeutsche dem Niederdeutschen vorzog. So ist eine sprachenpolitische Erklärung als Zwangsbilinguismus und später folgender Sprachenwechsel naheliegend: Die Sprachbevölkerung eines runden Drittels des deutschen Sprachgebiets wurde von obrigkeitlichen Institutionen und einflussreichen Aufsteigerschichten gezwungen, in den kulturell wichtigsten Anwendungsbereichen (Domänen), Kommunikationsfunktionen und Textsorten neben ihrer bereits hochentwickelten eigenen Schriftsprache die nicht autochthone, wenn auch verwandte hochdeutsche Schriftsprache in mühsamem Schreib- und Leseunterricht und öffentlicher Kulturpraxis zu erlernen, wobei unter ‚hochdeutsche’ Schriftsprache bis weit ins 17., teilweise 18. Jh. noch kein homogenes Normensystem zu verstehen ist, sondern verschiedene miteinander konkurrierende, noch variable großregionale Schreibnormen, vor allem ostmitteldeutsch/meißnische und westmitteldeutsch/ripuarische (vgl. 4.4, 5.6).
Die soziolinguistische Folge dieses Sprachenwechsels war, dass die Niederdeutsch Sprechenden und Schreibenden ihre eigene mündliche Umgangssprache als sozial minderwertiges Plattdütsch einzuschätzen lernen mussten. So entstand in denjenigen Orten, Gegenden und Bevölkerungsteilen, in denen Niederdeutsch noch als Dialekt gesprochen wurde, ein sprachkulturelles Spannungsverhältnis zwischen negativ diskriminierter Muttersprache (Primärsprache, vernacular language) und hochbewerteter, sprachstrukturell distanzierter offizieller Schreib- und Sprechsprache. Diese Diglossie war wegen der starken sozialen Stigmatisierung weitaus schärfer ausgeprägt als heute die Diglossie der Deutschschweizer und -schweizerrinnen mit ihrem sozial nicht belasteten, geregeltem Code-Switching zwischen Dialekt und Hoch-/Schriftsprache (vgl. 6.11T-X), da das Verhältnis zwischen Hochdeutsch und Niederdeutsch nach Besch (1979a, 343) „nicht Koexistenz mit Rollen- und Domänenverteilung“, sondern „Ausrottung mit allen Phänomenen der Mißachtung und Demütigung“ war. Was von den sozialen Aufsteigerschichten (vor allem dem Besitz- und Bildungsbürgertum) als kulturelle ‚Modernisierung’ begrüßt und gefördert wurde, bedeutete für den größten Teil der Sprachbevölkerung Norddeutschlands eine kulturelle Unterdrückung, die - ebenso wie die Germanisierung slawischer Bevölkerung (s. 4.9N-R, 6.4) - sozialgeschichtlich als „innere Kolonialisierung“ (Gessinger, 1980; 1982) erklärt werden kann.
Es mag auf den ersten Blick unverträglich und widersprüchlich erscheinen das Niederdeutsche einerseits im Rahmen der deutschen „Schreiblandschaften“ (4.4H) zu behandeln und andererseits hier unter dem Stichwort „Sprachenpolitik“ als eigene ‚Sprache’ gegenüber dem Hochdeutschen einzustufen. Dieser Widerspruch besteht nur scheinbar: Das Mittelniederdt. war zwar eine der frühbürgerlichen deutschen Schreiblandschaften, gehörte aber nicht mehr zu denjenigen, die wesentlich am überregionalen Ausgleich auf dem Wege zur neuhochdt. Schriftsprache beteiligt waren (abgesehen von einigen niederdt. Einflüssen in Wortschatz und Lautungsnorm). Der Status einer „eigenen“ Sprache („Ausbausprache“ mit „Abstand“ zum Hochdeutschen nach Kloss 1978) wird nahegelegt durch:
- Nachrichten über Kommunikationskonflikte durch Verstehensschwierigkeiten seit der luthersprachlichen Reformation (s. 4.9J).
- Benennungen für den Gegensatz Hochdeutsch/Niederdeutsch seit Ende des 13. Jh.s: der niderlender sprache, nedderlendesch, lingua saxonica, sassesch, sassesches düdesch, neddersassisch, alte Sechsische sprach, seit 15. Jh. auch nedderdüdesch, ab 17. Jh. auch abwertend Plat-Teutsch; der oberlender sprache, oberlendische zung, den überen Deutschen ihr Kirren, seit dem 15. Jh. hochdüdesche sprake, Hochteutsch, Misnica lingua, Meichsnische zung, meisnische sprache, Misnisch, … (Belege bei Gabrielsson, in: Cordes/Möhn 119ff; Josten 1976).
- Übersetzungen aus dem Hochdeutschen ins Niederdeutsche (und umgekehrt) seit dem 13. Jh., auch aus dem Niederländischen ins Niederdeutsche.
- Herstellung niederdeutscher Buchpublikationen als Fernhandelsproduktion außerhalb des niederdeutschen Sprachgebiets (Basel, Straßburg, Mainz, Augsburg, Nürnberg, Leipzig, Köln, Groningen, Kopenhagen).«
It started earlier than the 1970, but those times had an impact for sure.
Hello. I am from Turkey. The information you provide about languages is very helpful. I am currently trying to improve my English and learn Korean at the same time.I would love to be a multilingual person like you, but learning a language is a very difficult and challenging way But I still want to continue this journey.I wish languages such as english, german, spanish, italian were more similar to my mother tongue. That would be easier for me.
yes ur language is not belong to european languages that s why they re hard for u
There is no linguistic classification of "European" languages, there's the Germanic, Slavic and the Romanic language families, while Turkic, Celtic and Finno-Ugric languages are also present in some parts. But aside from the loanwords exchanged over centuries and the common root in the Proto-Indo-European language, there's no reason to classify them as "European" languages but exclude Turkic languages, especially since Turkish is still spoken in continental Europe.
I feel honoured that you would learn our language history so profoundly. Thank you for the great video. I hope many people see it. If you want to study more German you can take a look at my tutorials. I even created one in Chinese 🙂which was not easy!
Enjoyed this brief history of the development of the German language, you are always interesting. 😊
Thank you! 😃
I really enjoyed this video thank you Zoe
Thanks Zoe , i like your channel and i wish you all the best .
I knew today many things about German language .
I live German now .
Outstanding Video. Very much enjoyedi it thank you.
Hey I love history and langauges so this video was very nice to watch thank you so much
Interessant. Dnke für die sprachhistorische Zeitreise. 👍🏾😎
Thank you Zoe,to let me learn not only language itself but also the history and evolution of a country.
Hi Zoe, I want to ask you a question, I want to learn English but do I really start with the tenses
To be precise: "Dirndl" is the bavarian word for girl (compare to the word "Deern", which means girl in northern Germany). What you were wearing is named "Dirndlg'wand" (=clothing of a girl), but as Dirndlg'wand is a pretty long word, it became common to say just "Dirndl" instead. "Servus", btw., is latin and translates to "slave". Saying "Servus" to greet someone historically expresses something like "at your service" or the like. I once was told that such greetings were used by peasants ot greet their masters. But to express to other peasants that one deems them as valuable as the masters, the peasants used that greeting among each other, too. I don't know whether this is correct, but it is at least plausible. The italian use "ciao" as a greeting, which is derived from "schiavo" (=slave). So to greet others by calling oneself a slave is a widespread pattern.
The "di" in "Griaß Di" means "Dich" not "Du".
Something to consider is that south germany and italy (at least northern italy) had shared rulership under the HRE for several hundred years + the habsburgs owning large swaths of german, czech, hungarian, and italian lands adding on more pressure for there to be a "unified" greeting based on latin, which every culture respected to some degree or another. It is not without reason that we find so much romanlarp across the whole of europe, form the usage of the eagle as the standard, to all sorts of other symbols.
und nu schleich di
@@OmegamonUI Wenn schon, dann "Etz schleich Di!" ("nu" ist preußisches Teufelszeug)
The "Servus" greeting is actually derived from Latin church literature of the 13th century , and there after roughly 800 years of the decline of the Western Roman Empire Latin had changed and evolved a lot so it didn´t mean "slave" at all anymore but solely "servant" used in order to describe the human relation to god...the people weren´t god´s slaves but god´s servants (by the way the english term "servant" derives directly from that clerical meaning)....just saying.
@@michaelgrabner8977 I just refered to the meaning of servus as it is taught when learning Latin. 🤷♂
I love your enthusiasm for languages, also for my language German. 💪👍
I tried to learn Japanese and Korean myself. Failed miserably both times. I've had better luck learning Spanish.
I speak High German and understand Saxon, but speaking and understanding Bavarian is also difficult for me. 😅
I wish you all the best for your private and professional life and many more beautiful moments in Germany. 🌞🌹🍀
Danke ☺️
人
You can watch. Zoe's video on Japanese, Korean + Chinese which might help?
i will do it, thanks@@tymanung6382
Very interesting and informative video. As someone from Germany I also learn much.
One key aspect of Luther using this chancelery German was, that this was used in legal matters. And that meant that especially in the North where the Hanseatic traders were very influential this version of the language was already fairly common, because they needed a common language to settle trade disputes and agreements. So that's how this "high German" from the south managed to spread in lower Germany relatively quickly.
Totally wrong. The Hanseatic League‘s communication language was Middle Low German - also called Middle (Low) Saxon or sassesch, sassesche sprake or sassesch düdesch in itself.
Through the Hansa MLG was a lingua franca in the northern half of Europe besides Latin for a period of about 300+ years (ca. 1275 - 1575).
Old German is not a term used by linguists. Old Saxon was not a dialect of any language but a language itself like Old Dutch (Old Low Frankish). Old Saxon was most closely related to Old English and Old Frisian but developed under Old High German influence.
Most importantly though, the High German consonants we see today didn't only develop in Early New High German but all the wqy back during the shift from Proto-Germanic to Old High German.
Well. Now i learn, what my grandmother in her studies for becoming a german teacher, never wanted to learn. History of german language/gramma.
This irony. I love it. Thank you for this lough and your wonderfull videos. Inspired me to learn new language. Just for fun.
Let's remember what Mark Twain once wrote about it in his essay "The Awful German Language":) czcams.com/users/shortsVAbuH42sWBw
شتقنالك زوي❤❤❤❤
ياريت تعملي فيديو كيف ننغمس باللغة اتمنى تشوفي تعليقي بحبك كتيررررر ❤❤❤❤❤
If you want to hear how different the german dialects sound check out this short video from 1973:
czcams.com/video/btlGMBA2XO4/video.html
I am from Southwest of Germany(Border with France). In the school we have learnd "two" language, Hochdeutsch und Alemannisch ( language who is spoken only in Baden-Württemberg, Elsass in France and German Suisse).
What a sympathetic, charming and highly educated young woman who explains to us, often so self-forgotten Germans, with enormous background knowledge and contagious enthusiasm, the development and the high value of our mother tongue, which most native speakers are hardly aware of!
Kleiner Hinweis: sympathethic übersetzt sich nicht mit sympathisch, sondern mit mitfühlend, im Sinne von Beileid oder Mitgefühl. Ich hoffe, ich bin damit kein Rosinenpicker.
@@hannofranz7973 - Danke, für Deinen freundlichen Hinweise, aber ich bin dafür der falsche Ansprechpartner, da für die Übersetzung der Tante Goole verantwortlich ist, aber ich werde es gerne dorthin weitergeben. Was wäre dann eigentlich das richtige englische Wort für das deutsche "sympathisch"?
@@hannofranz7973 - Die Übersetzung wurde von Googl übernommen und ist nicht auf meinem Mist gewachsen. Ich werden Deinen wohlmeinenden Hinweis gerne an die Redaktion des Übersetzungs-programmes weiter leiten und danke für diesen wertvollen Hinweis!
What a beautiful video, lovely Zoe. You look fantastic ❤❤❤
Thank you 🤗
Well done as usual, I feel like in terms of history you should definitely check out the channel kings and generals more about the Germanic peoples. They have a massive history over there
I think you forget Brothers Grimm and their effect in the german language.
Hi Zoe, I like your videos on the evolution of different languages and even as a native German speaker I learned a thing or two 😉
But - and this a pretty big but - you really need to disclose your ads properly. Nowhere it the video did you say that it contained an advertisement.
Neither in the info box, nor verbally or in written form in the video itself. And this is by far not the first time that I’ve noticed this. You have to declare ads, sponsored posts, etc. in a clear and concise manner by German law (and by French law as well, if I remember correctly). All in all, this puts a major damper on my enjoyment of your videos and I’m not sure whether I want to stay subscribed to you in the future.
Moin,
sagt man hier im Norden von Deutschland als Begrüßung. Dein Video gefällt mir sehr gut und Sprache ist ein guter Einstieg für den kulturellen Austausch. Kant, ausgesprochen mit kurzem A, insbesondere der kategorische Imperativ ist wirklich sehr beeindruckend, wenn man erstmal seine Ganzheitlichkeit verstanden hat. Ich hoffe, dass ich eines Tages etwas ähnlich beeindruckendes in der chinesischen Kultur finde. Wenn du dies bezüglich interessanten Imput für mich hast immer her damit ;)
Gothic is a Early Germanic language and there are still a few samples of it left (and some fragments of Vandalic as well)
best known example would be the Codex Argenteus, an early 6th century version of the 4th century Ulfilas Bible
How was the selection of dialects done and why are some just left out?
11:40 new high german is V2 (verb-second-position), not subject-verb-object.
Do you know Platt? It is a dialect from North-west Germany and sometimes more similar to English or Dutch as to High German.
Sehr interessantes Video!
Very nicely explained. Love from Thuringia, Germany ✌
Sehr interessant! Danke sehr.
You are Asian, but have a very strong Britisch accent. Are you from Britisch colony of Singapore or Hong Kong?
Hallo, wieviele Sprachen sprechen Sie und wie lernt man schnell und effektiv eine neue Sprache ???
This was really interesting! Thanks beautiful lady!
This video is quite interesting!
Which app do you use to edit your video ???
for sure, my knowledge is very little here. However, I learn that people often mix up between standard German "Hochdeutsch" and the dialect speaking in the high area "Oberdeutsch" which is often also called Hochdeutsch.
Context is a good clue as to which “Hochdeutsch” is referred to…. ;-) words themselves have no intrinsic meaning, they are defined by usage…
Hochdeutsch / High German does not only include Oberdeutsch / Upper German, but also Mitteldeutsch / Central German. Oberdeutsch and Hochdeutsch are not thebsame, but the former is a part of the latter.
The standard language‘s precise name is Standardhochdeutsch / Standard High German, or short: Standarddeutsch / Standard German. Hochdeutsch itself is misleading.
When u first came across your channel i was like "why does this chinese girl speak english in a german accent. Thats so cool. You speak german english japanese korean arabic and im sure a few others i will soon find. I look forward to learning chinese personally and youve given me the kick to do so.😊❤❤
Thank you! 🎉
Hi, Everyone. Soon I will need to learn German because of the work. I know English a little, which also belongs to the Germanic language group. Is there any book that gives examples of how some morphemes have changed in both languages (e.g. "the" and "die", suffixes "-tion" and "-ung"), so that if I know one language, it would be easier to learn the other?
Hallo Zoe, in Norddeutschland sagt man einfach "Moin" zur Begrüßung :)
Ist “moin” Plat Deutsch Oder?
Süß 😁
@@johnsoloninka322ja, es kommt aus dem Plattdeutschen, ursprünglich „moi „ was soviel bedeutet wie : angenehm, gut, schön.
@@zoe.languagesDanke 😊
Moin aus Schleswig-Holstein. Ich habe heute ein dänisches Paar in der Kneipe kennen gelernt . Die konnten ein bißchen Deutsch, ich ein bißchen Englisch. Es war wundervoll..
If you want to know a rare variation of German, its the language of the Amish in the US, wich is - apart from adopting English words over time - very distinct from modern German.
It's closest relative within Germany are the Palatinate dialects (pfälzisch). Trump's German grandparents did also grew up with pfälzisch.
Min deern, wi snack plattdütsch in de Nord. Un de Amish schnack platt.
The dialect isn't that rare, the whole north of germany speaks it
Thats the Part of germany americans ignore due to the Lack of Lederhosen, Mountains and the existance of beaches 😉
@@Berzelmayrno plattdeutsch / lower german is closer.
@@wandilismus8726 Naha, that's wrong. The Amish speak a Middle German dialect, because that's where they started to emigrate from Germany.
@@wandilismus8726thats just wrong. The amish call it platt, just as I say platt when speaking my moselle-franconian dialect. I can understand a good portion of the amish Dialect just because my own dialect is closely related.
I know this topic is about german and the video was interesting, wondering if you want or try to learn Hungarian which is also a difficult language to get into it but it would be nice to hear you speaking hungarian.
12:30 Where did you get this particular chart from? I would like to look it up
It cuts off right before the last line of the table, so not usable from this video
The map at 0:40 weirds me out because it's clearly a WW2 map, showing the territories invaded by Germany under their euphemistic Nazi designations. "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia" was a Nazi euphemism for occupied Czechia. At the right edge you can see "Gove.. Gen...", probably "Generalgouvernement", a Nazi euphemism for occupied Poland.
The old b/w film clip at 12:03 is also kind of misplaced here since it shows a billboard advertizing a display of "42 wild females from Dahomey" - it was a racist practice in the late 19th/20th century to transport indigenous people from colonies to Europe and put them on display like animals in a zoo.
Thanks Zoe, I am learning Spanish and Mandarin, you are an inspiration. German might be my next language
spanish is a awesome language excellent choice good luck with your learning process
Very interesting!🤓👋👍
I didnt' know about "Heliand", first time hearing it. The only old german script i know is the "Hildebrandslied".
Dit is een intressante video!
Groeten uit Nederland 👋
Griaß Di! Thanks a lot for a video about my mother tongue that was very interesting still entertaining. I have one remarks: I'm a very southern German and we are quite proud of our dialect. And I think I could speak that noone from the wrong side of the Danube would understand. Nevertheless, I never had to learn High German as a foreign language (like some people in Switzerland), one could say I grew up bilingual - dialect and the local variety of High German (most Germans do speak a local variety, except perhaps for the Göttingen region. And no, dear Hannoveranians, not you :) ). Dialect isn't that different from High German, there are a few grammatical rules and a few different words, but all in all, it's not that much (except perhaps Plattdeutsch, but that's the other end of Germany, so I don't really know). If you're interested, I could give you an example, but that would be a lot of text. But if you'd like to, I'd be happy to do it.
One correction, the earliest large corpus of a Germanic language in writing are several codices of significant sections of the Bible, including most of the New Testament from the 4th century in Gothic
"Servus" and "Grias eich" (Grüße euch), "Grias´de" (Grüße dich) you use this for friends etc....for older people etc (more formal way) we say something like "Griaß God" (Grüß Gott) or "Griaß´d Erna" or "Grias´d Erna God" (Grüße Sie/ Gott)(Erna means Sie)...and to say Bye its: "Pfiad Erna God" or"Pfia´God" or just "Pfiad Erna" or u can say in a less formal way just "Pfiade" ...Pfiad/e is the bavarian version of "Tschüss" ( u cant translate it to high german, its a specific bavarian word. You can also say instead of Auf Wiedersehen: "Auf Wiederschau´n" or just "Wiederschau´n". Also really common in bavaria is "Hobe d´Ere" or "Ho wa´dere" it means "Habe ich die Ehre" and you can use it like "Servus" to say Hello or Bye. The are a lot of small variations in this words, dependig from which part of bavaria you are coming from. Grüße aus Niederbayern, pfiade! :) PS: Tschüss = "Tschau" in bavaria (Like ciao)
Was is mit “Griaß(t) enk/eng”… mit dem typisch bairischen aus dem Dual stammenden 2. Plural Pronomen…. ?
@@morvil73 "The are a lot of small variations in this words, dependig from which part of bavaria you are coming from. "
Kenne ich. Sagt man nur im unteren Oberbayern glaub ich. Alles Regionen basiert. Grüße
Hi, this was a very Interesting Video. It's nice to know, that there where different periods of the language that we know today. Also if you need someone with a Saxon or low German Dialect, I would like to help out. 🙂
The most important greeting and farewell formula in southern Germany, especially in Bavaria, is still the well-known and very popular "Grüß Gott"! Or "Behiad di God" = God might protect you! Or "Pfiad di God" = You may Lead (accompany) by God!
Throughout Germany, it is mainly the younger people who say goodbye with "Tschüß!" = Ad Djeu = With God = Walk with God! -
A real possibility to remind your fellow human beings and yourself of the presence of God and to take over the connection with the divine in everyday life!
Nobody cares about you Southern Catholics. :P
Being German af, this video is very informative and fun! 🤘😁
Hi Zoe, your German pronunciation is excellent 👌
Wow I want to see one for French! Great video Zoé
Will do 😉
Also, do you plan to learn any more languages?
You look so pretty in the intro, the hairstyle suits you so well
The monk Martin Luther laid the foundation for a common German language. The printer Gutenberg distributed Luther's writings. The teacher Konrad Duden standardized the written German language. He advocated that "th" in German was almost always replaced with "t".
Thal -> Tal, Thon -> Ton, aber Thron
However, the Brothers Grimm wanted to reintroduce an ancient German language that no longer corresponded to common usage.
the Nazis abolished the German script and preferred today's script. Probably in order to be able to enforce them better in the occupied territories. The long S was abolished, but the ß remained.
Kaiser Wilhelm probably said to Konrad Duden: An meinem Thron wird nicht gerüttelt! So the throne survived.
I'm German and I didn't know all the stages of the German language. today I learned. your German is quite good, how long did it take for you to be on that level?
Und wieso schreibst du das auf Englisch und nicht in Deutsch? Es ist für sie doch viel förderlicher wenn du es in unserer Sprache schreibst, da sie so ihre Deutsch weiter verfeinern kann.
@ It is so that any people who see this video, which is in english language, can also read his comment.
Something which I think went unmentioned is that while French was the language of diplomacy, German became the international language of science & literature beyond Germany up until WW2. If you study subjects such as geology for instance, you will learn a great deal of German words.
Regarding the dialects, these are very strongly embedded in Bavaria, Switzerland, Austria, South Tyrol, Thuringia and Saxony, whereas the people in Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) probably don’t even have a dialect but just speak standard German.
Da irrst du dich. Niedersachsen ist groß und besteht nicht nur aus Hannover und Braunschweig. Niedersächsische Dialekte werden in die Niederlande und Dänemark gesprochen. Grob einteilen lässt sich das Niedersächsische in Nordniedersächsisch, Westfälisch und Ostfälisch. Das Ostfälische was um Hannover und bis ins westliche Sachsen-Anhalt gesprochen wird, wurde nur weitestgehend vom Hochdeutschen verdrängt und wird nur noch in ländlichen Gegenden und von älteren Menschen gesprochen.
Thank you very much 🌹💐🌹
Any video about Tamazight language ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤??????
Maybe i misunderdstood the sentence at 11:00, but it sounds like you are suggesting the duden became the offcial rulebook of the german language.
But i think you mean the rules that were initially published in the Duden in 1880 became official in 1901.
I am that picky, because even today many german speakers see the Duden in the wrong way.
It is a dictionary that tells us how words that are commonly used in german are spelled correctly. (and they got and get their guidelines from the counsel for ortograhpy which is a common counsel between Austria, Germany and Switzerland.)
Some german speakers think the Duden is also a kind of encyclopedia and defines words in their meaning, but that's not the case and the writers don't intend to, they only claim to show the correct spelling, not the correct meaning of words.
That said, the Duden is not the official dictionary or spelling reference for Switzerland and Austria, both have their own dictionary as spelling, words and articles can differ between the 3.
(But our dictionaries aren't named after a Person like the Duden)
Lastely, Griaß Euch or Grüß Euch, Griaß Di, Grüß Dich. The first two only differ in pronounciation but mean the same, it is someone greeting a group, by basically saying "I greet you", and the second two (with Di and Dich) is the same thing but adressing one person instead of a group.
Also Fun fact: Servus has it's origin in latin meaning something like "at your service". But most users aren't aware of that. It is also a greeting in Austria, but only with people you on a non formal basis. (In some areas of Bavaria you could greet a policeman with Servus and he won't have a problem with, when you do the same in other areas of bavaria, or in Austria you get a problem, because it's a little disrespectfull to greet someone you don't know like that)
Interesting, thank you for the information
Could you please make a video where you get deep on how you have learned Syrian arabic?
@Amina_12343 Yeah, that would be interesting!
I can heavily recommend the Swabian dialect. It’s very hard but worth reviewing! Your videos are very educational and I enjoy them much. Thanks for putting so much effort in your videos. Danke
I have language berrier it doesn’t matter what I do I can speak little bit. I can’t speak very well ? Thank you
zoe 真的是有颜有才！！
Your voice, makes me fall in love