There's a few but not many. The ones that do take insurance, not only bill your insurance and take your co-pays, they also try to sell you expensive alternative testing and supplements which are very expensive to make up.
I was diagnosed with HYPERthyroidism three months ago and from my research I thought it was due to a vitamin d deficiency. I did deeper research and found out it was because of Candida. It makes so much sense now. I had Candida overgrowth for like 8 years! I'm on a Candida diet now and will buy her program. I am determined to cure myself of this overgrowth, SIBO and hyperthyroidism. 👍
@@ilhamkhalifa587 for me personally i wasn't following the directions because i don't agree with taking supplements in the morning on an empty stomach. i was taking 2 enzymes before dinner, 2 caprylic acid & 1 probiotic 1 hour before bed and that worked for me.
Yes she is so right on cutting off the Healthy carbs I found out recently that I was doing it all wrong so I stop consuming the healthy carbs too…I eat healthy food now a lot of probiotics foods and take supplements 100 Billion 34/36 strains
Dairy doesn't cause inflammation unless you're allergic. And starving candida of glucose also starves the human body of glucose, which negatively impacts our immune system. Our bodies are not Petri dishes. The frustrating thing about candida diets is that every doctor has their own take on what will or won't help candida overgrowth, and it's often more opinion than science.
I agree. I went on candida diet years ago to "starve" the fungus..later I found out I have high mercury levels and dysbioses/leaky gut..also adrenal stress and low thyroid problems. The moree I tried to starve and kill candida the worse I felt.candida is never the problem,it allways something underlying causing candida to florish in the first place
Dr. Axe, Please do a video on nutritional peroxide (H2O2). Does a very dilute dose (or two) of food grade hydrogen peroxide address SIBO? If so, how and if not, why not?
I love my dr, but she doesn’t believe that I have candida overgrowth. I have had almost monthly yeast infections since I was a teenager, and have learned to keep it at bay with diet. The first time I eat something sugary, the symptoms come on. I had yeast rashes under my breasts and rash on my face and neck (also dependent on what I eat), and athlete’s foot type symptoms, but she doesn’t believe it. I also have a chronic cough and gerd, which I think are also related to it.
Me2 I have the same symptoms you dealt with and my physician do not listen to me neither so I took the matters into my own hand-CZcams videos my physician with caution I am getting better not there yet I do not body odor anymore now I am working on the mouth odor I finally got it I will go on a 2 month candida treatment by taking probiotics supplements 100 billion with 100 strains-leafy greens diet and probiotics foods
I enjoyed this! Thank you for realizing that pharmaceuticals are not the only way to healing. I want to be a doctor of natural medicine can you recommend a school or do you know of any scholarship information you can assist me with. I share the little I know but want to do so much more.
One can diffuse [Dr. Axe's] oil of oregano in small doses through a lovely blend at home. Not everything needs ingesting. JMHO Anyway, I sense a strong sales presence with her brilliant advice that's a turn-off. Not the advice but she's pushing her 'products' to the point she sits in front of them.
I 100% agree. That's all I mostly heard in her talk, advertising herself and her products. Dr. Axe asked her to talk about things that can be informative for the listener, no! she wasn't that much into responding to those questions with detailed information. !!!
So what! Why is it that people have such a hard time with somebody selling something. If you have a job, you are getting paid because the owner of your business is selling something. She’s obviously brilliant and she’s paid her dues. Why begrudge a person for making a living by SELLING great value and products.
I'm a functional nutritionist (dietitian), and I didn’t sense a 'sales'-y vibe. I think I have candida (as hives), don't want to take an anti-fungal prescription, and have studied oregano's horrible effects on beneficial bacteria (it's absolutely no different than antibiotics). So I've been looking for a much safer solution.
carnivor is by far the best solution for SIBO and other gut health issues and overall autoimmune diseases in my (and thousand of others) experience and the best part of this is you don`t need any fancy supplements for a long term success
Old school info. Dr. Jason Hawaryluk or Dr. Grace Liu from The Gut Institute are way ahead. Candida just burrows deeper when starved. We should be able to eat anything and our gut be able to handle it...absorb whats nourishing and excrete the rest and be a normal healthy person
Dr. Amy's books are fantastic! However, I also included links to articles and other free resources you may find helpful that relate to what we discussed in this video. Thanks for tuning in!
Not really, She talks about many free things to help you. Breathing, walking , meditation, how important it is to manage your stress, changing your diet, supplements like caprylic acid and enzymes you can get from multiple different brands. No regular MD I have ever seen has come anywhere near the quality of info in this video. She deserves to plug her book and supplements. She's helping people
I was just diagnosed with SIBO. Also dealing with Candida, Interstitial Cystitis, B12 and Vitamin D Deficiency. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Low Dopamine , Chronic bone pain, Gerd, Chronic gastritis, Ochratoxin A Mycotoxin.Candida D, I was just wondering if all of these conditions are connected. All feedback will be appreciated . Thank you
That's all I mostly heard in her talk, advertising herself and her products. Dr. Axe asked her to talk about things that can be informative for the listener, no! she wasn't that much into responding to those questions with detailed information. !!!
@12:58.. but what's the order in cleaning the bacteria system before u start using xhlorella? Is yeast the last piece of the puzzle for neutralizing for proper bacterial health? And where does the fungi fit in. When iui s the best time to add lions main and resishi?
i was wondering is the advice is same for people who has thyroid cancer. because is my case. there is a lot of controversy with meat and cancer in my case, I eat meat every two days of pasture, grains are not tolerated by my stomach
I’m on it 5 months and don’t want to get off it as the results are astounding. Don’t focus on when, focus on the health benefits of low carb diet. Sugar is such a terrible thing, why would anyone want to go back to it?
hello sir i have estrogen dominance irregular periods fibroadenoma obesity i want to know sunflower seeds and sesamic seeds are good for me sir kindly reply plz
I had chronic candida for 2 decades and also Reverse T3 where my thyroid worked but my T4 stopped converting into T3 and into a dud form called Reverse T3.
Yep that happend to me.. no doctor could explain why my thyroid was not working..found out have cabdida and sibo, histamin issues and leaky gut . .its a nightmare
@@eifionphillips3004 yes that is so true! Did u fix it?i am trying a new protocol with caprylic acid,oregano, a strong probiotic,and enzymes,also going to try collagen and glutamin for gut healing..i also think is importen to take a liver supporting supplement while riding this monster out of my body
Thank you so much for the info Dr. Myers, I have a question for you: After my colon surgery in 2016 a few months later I started to have inflammation / bloating in my colon kidney and my glands, "swollen lymph nodes" I did the test a few years ago and I got SIBO they gave me XIFAXAN 550MG. Now after suffering for 4 years, I still have inflammation and it cosed me so ... so many other problemes? Someone recommended for me to take (VSL# 3 probiotics) and take RIFAXIMIN Any advice or recommendation? I was on a very restricted diet until now and nothing change yet :( Thank you,
Dr. Axe what are your current thoughts on oregano oil and supplements? I noticed u didn’t agree nor disagreed with Dr. Amy when she mentioned it being too harsh...
So if you have sibo Candida leaky gut or IBS or IBD then the only way I've seen to truly get rid of the Candida is oregano oil. I am heard other say that they used one to two drops everyday for 3 weeks and it's supposed to clear up all candida whether it does or not I have no idea.
I would use oregano oil in a softgel format. It was prescribed for me to treat an intestinal infection called C Diff. It also is recommended for Candida and SIBO. But it can give you a stomach ache if not taken with a meal.
Candida overgrowth is real , My dr prescribed on plaquenil 2 times a day for my RA and That sometimes won’t even work . I started treating my gut and I feel much better!! Now I have to remind myself to take the pills because I am almost pain free. I hope someday I can be out of the drugs.
Interesting...black walnut to me is too potent whereas oil of oregano is not. I take Herb Pharm, Oregano Spirits and I healed myself and have an iron immunity.
I have candida infection fungal infection and sibo bacteria infection and moregellon disease parasites look like hair like parasites coming from my skin
HELLO DOCTORS THANK TO YOU🙏🙏🙏. .. Iam in KERALA in INDIA. SIR Tell me about Acid reflux disees (BARRETS ESOPHAGUS), & about CANCER chance. HELP ME SIR. Docters give me 2 Endoscopiees .1 is ESOPHAGUS CANDIDAISIS, then five months after repeat the second Endoscopy CANDIDAwas gone but the BARRETTS form in my ESOPHAGUS please sir help me, and tell me the best Treatments pls....
First of all calm down. Take a deep breath My condition started with acid reflux and I was on PPIs for just over a year and whole host of conditions ensued. Nobody could help me for about 10years. But I stumbled upon Dr Axe’s Candida diet which changed everything within days. I had digestive issues: bloating, constipation, acid reflux (you name it)... I had an endoscopy too. For years I was using laxatives just to get my bowels moving. Candid diet gets you to curb your Carbohydrates to at least 20g a day for 3 days (but I’d suggest you be on low-carb diet for at least 3-6 months). A lot of people have reported great results after following this regiment. Try intermittent fasting too (start eating after lunch time- and don’t eat too much especially before bed. Give yourself at least 4 hrs after eating before bedtime). Stay hydrated. Don’t be thinking of cancer and other things like that. Be positive, these things are a result of poor diet and stressful world we live in. A remedy is a shift in mindset and diet. You should eat vegetables everyday at least (I even tried plant based diet for a time).
I noticed this and was just curious... you seem more relaxed than usual on this episode, to me. Is there any particular reason for that? Lol. A certain supplement or...?
If you don’t like the presentation just don’t watch it instead of just critiquing the whole program. She has been a Dr a long time with loads of information. Leave, if your not comfortable with her presentation of ailments.
She now is a businesswoman and a successful author and available for podcasts (like this), so apparently doesn't need to any longer? Her books and products (mentioned here) are there where she isn't. Also, highly suggested is Dr. Axe's website is a major resource for everything; he's the gem that gives research data through the best-styled articles I've ever come across. Help your body heal itself.
I look forward to the day that insurance covers Functional medicine.
There's a few but not many. The ones that do take insurance, not only bill your insurance and take your co-pays, they also try to sell you expensive alternative testing and supplements which are very expensive to make up.
Block chain insurance
for real
Unfortunately not while "Big Pharma" is calling the shots 🤦
Yes indeed me as well
I was diagnosed with HYPERthyroidism three months ago and from my research I thought it was due to a vitamin d deficiency. I did deeper research and found out it was because of Candida. It makes so much sense now. I had Candida overgrowth for like 8 years! I'm on a Candida diet now and will buy her program. I am determined to cure myself of this overgrowth, SIBO and hyperthyroidism. 👍
did it work
How are you doing ?
Hello how are you now?
Same symptoms I have
Update?
I am about 10 days into Amy's candida kit and I'm feeling better. My sleep has improved significantly.
What were your symptoms before starting?
@@alexandrasanteex1892 Poor sleep, late night cravings, multiple food intolerances (fruits, gluten, red meat), anxiety, histamine issues
I just ordered Amy's candida kit and I'm wondering how to take it? Any help from u brother?
@@ilhamkhalifa587 for me personally i wasn't following the directions because i don't agree with taking supplements in the morning on an empty stomach. i was taking 2 enzymes before dinner, 2 caprylic acid & 1 probiotic 1 hour before bed and that worked for me.
@@KingofJV are you following the diet too?
Dr Amy meyers mentioned only way to heal from candida and sibo is to do diet , herbs, and pharmaceuticals, which pharmaceuticals is she talking about
So excited to meet Dr Myers, I buy her supplements!
Yes she is so right on cutting off the Healthy carbs I found out recently that I was doing it all wrong so I stop consuming the healthy carbs too…I eat healthy food now a lot of probiotics foods and take supplements 100 Billion 34/36 strains
What test can I do at home to find out if I'm overloaded with candida?
Dairy doesn't cause inflammation unless you're allergic. And starving candida of glucose also starves the human body of glucose, which negatively impacts our immune system. Our bodies are not Petri dishes. The frustrating thing about candida diets is that every doctor has their own take on what will or won't help candida overgrowth, and it's often more opinion than science.
I agree. I went on candida diet years ago to "starve" the fungus..later I found out I have high mercury levels and dysbioses/leaky gut..also adrenal stress and low thyroid problems. The moree I tried to starve and kill candida the worse I felt.candida is never the problem,it allways something underlying causing candida to florish in the first place
@@gigafia5358 I think you have to do it maximum for month along with supplements.
What helped you? @@gigafia5358
Dr. Axe, Please do a video on nutritional peroxide (H2O2). Does a very dilute dose (or two) of food grade hydrogen peroxide address SIBO? If so, how and if not, why not?
It is best to take more than one antifungal together to stop candida adapting to it quickly and not working as long.
Mold toxicity also go hand and hand with Candida. Specially the mold aspergullus in food that produce aflatoxin.
Wow great interview. Thankyou so much guys.
She is full on hard sale!💰💰 💰
CZcams is awesome!
I love my dr, but she doesn’t believe that I have candida overgrowth. I have had almost monthly yeast infections since I was a teenager, and have learned to keep it at bay with diet. The first time I eat something sugary, the symptoms come on. I had yeast rashes under my breasts and rash on my face and neck (also dependent on what I eat), and athlete’s foot type symptoms, but she doesn’t believe it. I also have a chronic cough and gerd, which I think are also related to it.
Change your doctor. There's a brilliant doctor in the U.K. who does zoom calls for those who live too far away. Dr. Andre in Hove, East Sussex.
Me2 I have the same symptoms you dealt with and my physician do not listen to me neither so I took the matters into my own hand-CZcams videos my physician with caution I am getting better not there yet I do not body odor anymore now I am working on the mouth odor I finally got it I will go on a 2 month candida treatment by taking probiotics supplements 100 billion with 100 strains-leafy greens diet and probiotics foods
@@mercijoy3006please tell me how to remove mouth odor, I have all that symptoms
Thank you both
I enjoyed this! Thank you for realizing that pharmaceuticals are not the only way to healing. I want to be a doctor of natural medicine can you recommend a school or do you know of any scholarship information you can assist me with. I share the little I know but want to do so much more.
Hey there! Thanks for reaching out. You may find this helpful: draxe.com/health/naturopathic-doctor/?
Dr. Josh Axe Thank you so much!
Excellent Podcast 🙂👍
Always soo helpful ..hope you and every1 is staying safe
Please talk about moregellon disease parasites look like hair coming from my skin how to cure it?
One can diffuse [Dr. Axe's] oil of oregano in small doses through a lovely blend at home. Not everything needs ingesting. JMHO Anyway, I sense a strong sales presence with her brilliant advice that's a turn-off. Not the advice but she's pushing her 'products' to the point she sits in front of them.
I 100% agree. That's all I mostly heard in her talk, advertising herself and her products. Dr. Axe asked her to talk about things that can be informative for the listener, no! she wasn't that much into responding to those questions with detailed information. !!!
So what! Why is it that people have such a hard time with somebody selling something. If you have a job, you are getting paid because the owner of your business is selling something. She’s obviously brilliant and she’s paid her dues. Why begrudge a person for making a living by SELLING great value and products.
I'm a functional nutritionist (dietitian), and I didn’t sense a 'sales'-y vibe. I think I have candida (as hives), don't want to take an anti-fungal prescription, and have studied oregano's horrible effects on beneficial bacteria (it's absolutely no different than antibiotics). So I've been looking for a much safer solution.
I didn’t like her at all. She sounds narcissistic, the exact type of doctor I’m trying to get away from.
carnivor is by far the best solution for SIBO and other gut health issues and overall autoimmune diseases in my (and thousand of others) experience and the best part of this is you don`t need any fancy supplements for a long term success
And can you eventually go back to eating other foods? Don't want to be eating meat forever
Is fish okay?
@@maridigna6632 yes
What about fiber?
What to do with black mold poisoning??
Old school info. Dr. Jason Hawaryluk or Dr. Grace Liu from The Gut Institute are way ahead. Candida just burrows deeper when starved. We should be able to eat anything and our gut be able to handle it...absorb whats nourishing and excrete the rest and be a normal healthy person
So what is the solution?
@@incorectulpolitic Kefir
@@knyckname3295 how much per day ?
@@incorectulpolitic 1 to three times a day...it will completely eliminate candida...
@@knyckname3295 but how much kefir 1 to 3 times per day ? 8 oz, 16 oz ?
you mean milk kefir made with milk-kefir-grains, right ?
Beans and legumes tend to be contaminated with aflatoxins that’s why it make the Candida and the Gut issue worse.
What I learned from this podcast....Buy her books and supplements.
Dr. Amy's books are fantastic! However, I also included links to articles and other free resources you may find helpful that relate to what we discussed in this video. Thanks for tuning in!
Not really, She talks about many free things to help you. Breathing, walking , meditation, how important it is to manage your stress, changing your diet, supplements like caprylic acid and enzymes you can get from multiple different brands. No regular MD I have ever seen has come anywhere near the quality of info in this video. She deserves to plug her book and supplements. She's helping people
@@kylies3160 lol Ben Lynch would roast these two
Not to mention, her books are free at the local library
I was just diagnosed with SIBO. Also dealing with Candida, Interstitial Cystitis, B12 and Vitamin D Deficiency. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Low Dopamine , Chronic bone pain, Gerd, Chronic gastritis, Ochratoxin A Mycotoxin.Candida D, I was just wondering if all of these conditions are connected. All feedback will be appreciated . Thank you
My two favorite doctors💕
That's all I mostly heard in her talk, advertising herself and her products. Dr. Axe asked her to talk about things that can be informative for the listener, no! she wasn't that much into responding to those questions with detailed information. !!!
What are the supplements has discussed here for sibo and candida?
@25:40.. completely right.. the journey.
@12:58.. but what's the order in cleaning the bacteria system before u start using xhlorella?
Is yeast the last piece of the puzzle for neutralizing for proper bacterial health? And where does the fungi fit in. When iui s the best time to add lions main and resishi?
i was wondering is the advice is same for people who has thyroid cancer. because is my case. there is a lot of controversy with meat and cancer in my case, I eat meat every two days of pasture, grains are not tolerated by my stomach
So how long do you need to be on low carb diet to kill off the yeast in the case of candida
I’m on it 5 months and don’t want to get off it as the results are astounding. Don’t focus on when, focus on the health benefits of low carb diet. Sugar is such a terrible thing, why would anyone want to go back to it?
@@brothercaleb I was on it for 2 months, it felt great not moving bloating. But the craving was too strong 😫
depends for some people they might need to follow the candida diet forever
No sugar no fruits no carb
@@brothercaleb how are you now? What kind of diet were you doing then, and now? I'm just starting soon
hello sir i have estrogen dominance irregular periods fibroadenoma obesity i want to know sunflower seeds and sesamic seeds are good for me sir kindly reply plz
So no gluten and sugar forever !?
What is the email to request ebook?
I had chronic candida for 2 decades and also Reverse T3 where my thyroid worked but my T4 stopped converting into T3 and into a dud form called Reverse T3.
Yep that happend to me.. no doctor could explain why my thyroid was not working..found out have cabdida and sibo, histamin issues and leaky gut . .its a nightmare
@@gigafia5358 Prob an issue in many people. Candida is harder than thyroid issues to treat in my experience.
@@eifionphillips3004 yes that is so true! Did u fix it?i am trying a new protocol with caprylic acid,oregano, a strong probiotic,and enzymes,also going to try collagen and glutamin for gut healing..i also think is importen to take a liver supporting supplement while riding this monster out of my body
How do you know if thyroid making reverse T3, which is the test?
@@angelataylor2049 check RT3. It’s reverse T 3.
What about “brown “ candida?
Does she treat patients? Where is her clinic?
Thank you so much for the info
Dr. Myers, I have a question for you:
After my colon surgery in 2016 a few months later I started to have inflammation / bloating in my colon kidney and my glands, "swollen lymph nodes" I did the test a few years ago and I got SIBO they gave me XIFAXAN 550MG. Now after suffering for 4 years, I still have inflammation and it cosed me so ... so many other problemes? Someone recommended for me to take (VSL# 3 probiotics) and take RIFAXIMIN
Any advice or recommendation?
I was on a very restricted diet until now and nothing change yet :(
Thank you,
Hey there! Thanks for reaching out. You may find this helpful: draxe.com/health/sibo-symptoms/?
@@drjoshaxe
Thank you for the info.
François J. Interiors do a parasites cleaning per dr Hulda Clark; do Candida cleansing per drAxe.
@@drjoshaxe
Thank you dr. Axe for the site. I am trying to red it, there is so much information about it and I hope it will work for me.
Great interview 👍 👏 👌 FYI...conventional medicine is designed to fail
Homeostatic Soil Organisms?
Dr. Axe what are your current thoughts on oregano oil and supplements? I noticed u didn’t agree nor disagreed with Dr. Amy when she mentioned it being too harsh...
It is harsh, be careful
@@pumaweek169 + I just had 4 drops today . But a few months ago I used it to treat a UTI which it fixed.
So if you have sibo Candida leaky gut or IBS or IBD then the only way I've seen to truly get rid of the Candida is oregano oil. I am heard other say that they used one to two drops everyday for 3 weeks and it's supposed to clear up all candida whether it does or not I have no idea.
Have u tried it?
Oregano oil didn't work for me. I saw no difference.
I would use oregano oil in a softgel format. It was prescribed for me to treat an intestinal infection called C Diff. It also is recommended for Candida and SIBO. But it can give you a stomach ache if not taken with a meal.
@@roxyiconoclast taking oil in that way gave me an ulcer
Candida overgrowth is real , My dr prescribed on plaquenil 2 times a day for my RA and That sometimes won’t even work . I started treating my gut and I feel much better!! Now I have to remind myself to take the pills because I am almost pain free. I hope someday I can be out of the drugs.
What you do for your gut
Wish mine would prescribe plaquenil that is hydroxychloroquin 👏🏻👍
I love dr Amy Myers
Interesting...black walnut to me is too potent whereas oil of oregano is not. I take Herb Pharm, Oregano Spirits and I healed myself and have an iron immunity.
What did it heal you of
Also the grains are raised with pesticides that are taken into the body when eaten
What probiotics can a person take for Candida that can’t take it in pill form ?
Kefir is the best, buy Kefir grains and pop into organic whole milk for 24 hrs.
Sometimes I hope both of you arebin my country.
I need help with sibo
I have candida infection fungal infection and sibo bacteria infection and moregellon disease parasites look like hair like parasites coming from my skin
HELLO DOCTORS THANK TO YOU🙏🙏🙏.
.. Iam in KERALA in INDIA. SIR Tell me about Acid reflux disees (BARRETS ESOPHAGUS), & about CANCER chance. HELP ME SIR. Docters give me 2 Endoscopiees .1 is ESOPHAGUS CANDIDAISIS, then five months after repeat the second Endoscopy CANDIDAwas gone but the BARRETTS form in my ESOPHAGUS please sir help me, and tell me the best Treatments pls....
First of all calm down. Take a deep breath
My condition started with acid reflux and I was on PPIs for just over a year and whole host of conditions ensued. Nobody could help me for about 10years. But I stumbled upon Dr Axe’s Candida diet which changed everything within days.
I had digestive issues: bloating, constipation, acid reflux (you name it)... I had an endoscopy too. For years I was using laxatives just to get my bowels moving.
Candid diet gets you to curb your Carbohydrates to at least 20g a day for 3 days (but I’d suggest you be on low-carb diet for at least 3-6 months). A lot of people have reported great results after following this regiment. Try intermittent fasting too (start eating after lunch time- and don’t eat too much especially before bed. Give yourself at least 4 hrs after eating before bedtime). Stay hydrated.
Don’t be thinking of cancer and other things like that. Be positive, these things are a result of poor diet and stressful world we live in. A remedy is a shift in mindset and diet. You should eat vegetables everyday at least (I even tried plant based diet for a time).
I noticed this and was just curious... you seem more relaxed than usual on this episode, to me. Is there any particular reason for that? Lol. A certain supplement or...?
Dr. Axe has the look of a dad spending a lot of time with his kids :)
If you don’t like the presentation just don’t watch it instead of just critiquing the whole program. She has been a Dr a long time with loads of information. Leave, if your not comfortable with her presentation of ailments.
Take a shot every time she say "you know"...
Question: Can oral sex cause SIBO?
Probably
No
Should eliminate the Echo! Makes her voice irritating. Can''t get thru this.
Caused bad breath ??
What caused bad breath?
After hearing Dr. Myers I’m more confused then before. I just couldn’t follow her.
First comment 🤗🤗
candida can make your body inflammation
I had my thyroid blown off likd Hiroshima is such... an awful simile to use. Jfc.
She No longer practices. Bummer.
She now is a businesswoman and a successful author and available for podcasts (like this), so apparently doesn't need to any longer? Her books and products (mentioned here) are there where she isn't. Also, highly suggested is Dr. Axe's website is a major resource for everything; he's the gem that gives research data through the best-styled articles I've ever come across. Help your body heal itself.