What Happens When You Jump in an Airplane?
Vložit
- čas přidán 7. 06. 2024
- What happens when you jump inside an airplane? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice explain the physics inside moving objects and why we don’t seem to notice what speed we are traveling at.
Why do you land in the same place when you jump up and down in a moving airplane? We explore physics of moving systems, acceleration, deceleration, and why you want to wear your seatbelt during takeoff and landing.
Get the NEW StarTalk book, 'To Infinity and Beyond: A Journey of Cosmic Discovery' on Amazon: amzn.to/3PL0NFn
Support us on Patreon: / startalkradio
FOLLOW or SUBSCRIBE to StarTalk:
Twitter: / startalkradio
Facebook: / startalk
Instagram: / startalk
About StarTalk:
Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson
Timestamps:
00:00 - Jumping in a Moving Plane
02:54 - How Far Would You Travel?
6:00 - Moving While Accelerating
9:38 - Upward Velocity in an Elevator - Věda a technologie
Petition to make an episode discussing only “Cartoon’s Laws of Physics”
I concur!
😂 Yes please !
What if there is No air in the plane?
What if the plane has no roof and no air.
What if the plane is inverted (like a bowel); has no air; and no floor and is in space. You are inside that plane. If the plane starts moving forward, will you also move or not move?
If you want to learn about relative velocity and effects of jumping on a moving vehicle, talk to a sailor on a small warship like a destroyer. A trip out in heavy seas will teach anyone about all sorts of physics. My favourite is timing going up/down a ladder to match the waves, because if you jump off a ladder and the ship hits a trough, you could be in for a long fall, or if it gets a sudden crest, the deck will come at your face much faster than expected. But if you time it right, you can walk off a ladder right onto the deck up/down as required... if your timing is good.
Very true. I lived on a Guided Missile Cruiser for almost 4 years and when the waves were 20-40 feet and when we timed it right, while the ship was about to go down, we could jump (relatively speaking) around 5+ feet straight up the ladder. Also, we learned very quickly how and when to slide down the ladder. Thanks for the great video. You guys make a great team!
What if there is No air in the airplane ?
What if there is No air, and you are in a moving boat?
What if No air, and your boat is inverted ? (Like a bowel shape)
What if your inverted boat is a spaceship ?
In which case will the vessel move separate from you?
We do not endorse jumping in airplanes!
Unless smoking weed
Don't worry. I'm not going to jump on it, I'm going to jump in it!
You jump in an airplane, you get duct taped to your seat.
Why did they name it Boeing then??
Neil has single handedly reinvigorated my interest in physics I loved it as a kid
I bet you forgot about physics 7 months after
@@user-wj8kv2rv4u I haven't cause i subscribe to the channel so i see new exciting videos all the time. not sure why you are hating with your sad sorry self
My best personal experience with this is when the plane hit a little turbulence. The drink in my cup, I happened to be holding it at the time, went up a few inches and fell right back in the cup. Not a drop spilled!
Superb example.
Thank you!
@@AndrewBlacker-wr2ve Thank you!!
😂
Turbulence, I hit my head and fell in the aisle
With the train/ball example, how come the smoke from the train trails back behind the train ? Does the ball thing only work with a model, indoors, where there is little wind resistance ?
Chuck is the perfect sidekick for you. For a comedian he’s pretty astute about astronomy and physics. Love you guys!
Long jumping.
Gold medalist 😅
😂
It's called a wing man.
You mean for a scientist hes pretty funny 😂
Could not agree less. He's insufferable and ruins most of these videos.
Years ago on the Tower of Terror ride at Disney's MGM theme park my brother would let go of a paper ball right before we were "dropped." The paper hovered in mid air and went up as the ride pulls you down faster than gravity. He was very excited about it.
I hate that ride. 😂
I saw something similar on that ride
On a ride called Drop Zone, a friend an I would hold a penny between our thumb and index fingers. Separate the fingers at the moment of the drop, and the pennies would fall at the same rate, appearing to hover over our laps. Fun!
There’s a good sequence near the beginning of the film Behind Enemy Lines, where the deck crew launches a football with the ship’s catapult, and as the ball is still falling the ship catches up with it.
Not sure if they do it anymore, but back in the 80s, Six Flags Great Adventure in NJ would hold a Physics Day where students could go to the theme park and do experiments all day on the rides. They had one of those Free Fall rides, and dropping a penny as the ride dropped you straight down was one of the experiments. You could also ride the roller coasters and map out how many Gs you were pulling at various times on the ride. Having the park open only to a bunch of high school physics students and teachers from the area was a treat.
This video is for the flat earthers.
lesson for the globers. there is no earth
This also applies to the vertical plane... having your seat belt on during cruise is always wise. If the aircraft suddenly drops and you're not wearing your seat belt, (perhaps because of environmental factors) you could hit the roof of the cabin; not because you have been thrown upwards, but because the aircraft is descending upon you.
The pilots tell you when there's a turbulence zone ahead.
@@louisrobitaille5810That is not 100%. Sometimes there is a burst of turbulence seemingly from nowhere. I was on a flight to Miami when that happened while people were being served snacks. Food was everywhere, and some people got injured.
*all up on you. It is more effective when you use the word all with up on you.
@@louisrobitaille5810Maybe a week or two after this video (and your comment) coincidentally, there was a really awful case of turbulence that the pilots didn't foresee at all, and a lot of people without seatbelts got really hurt. It definitely changed my mind about keeping my seat belt fastened. It doesn't have to be uncomfortably tight or anything, but just enough to ensure I don't bash my skull into the ceiling. Yikes!
Hello StartTalk team!
Have you ever consired to let the viewers add transaltions for other languages in the subtitles?
The content is just amazing, it would be great to have more people around the world being able to enjoy it.
Cheers from Brazil.
I’ve always had this question for more than 10 years. I’m glad that i came accross this with the exact visual in the thumbnail as i had imagined it
My all time favorite channel on the youtubes of this world!
Another excellent, entertaining, informative video gents. Always learning!
Many years ago, I heard a great story about the US Ryder Cup team, which was travelling by Concorde to play in the UK. Apparently, one of the players (Brad Faxon I believe) holed a putt the length of the cabin. To those inside the plane, the ball had travelled the length of the cabin, whereas to observers outside the plane, the ball had actually travelled about 15 miles before going in the hole 😃
I was nervous trying it in my building's elevator given I live in one over a century old (rebuilt after the earthquake that destroyed San Francisco), but, since it's the only elevator I have access to, I gave it a shot...
And ya, both up & down are cool sensations, thanks! 9:00
Great episode, thanks for posting.
Niel and Chuck y'all rock! Love the channel and content. Peace
Loved timing the jump in an elevator as it was going down when I was kid! Fun times haha
Hey, big fan here. Your last episode reminded me of the thought I always had about potentially achieving the speed of light (and more) if we could have a tunnel infinitely long with a train infinitely long running inside it at high speed, with another slightly smaller train running at high speed inside it with another train slightly smaller infinitely long running at high speed in the, etc, etc... theoretically, where could we end up? If we had a strain running at 99.99% of the speed of light with another one inside it also at 99.99% of the speed of light. You get the picture, I'm sure 😊
Educational Entertainment to the MAX ❗️I Love StarTalk ❤
Fascinating. Thanks for the information!
You should do a follow up on this explaining how parabolic flights, like Zero-G flights, work. Great explainer, as always!
Yeah that and will jumping save you in a falling elevator if you jump just before it hits bottom.
No such thing as Zero-G, you are always subject to Earth's gravitational pull.
@@tettazwo9865 I know that. Those parabolic flights (reduced-gravity flights) are also called Zero-G flights, it's a brand name. It's pseudo-weightlessness or near-weightlessness, that's obvious and also advertised as such.
@@SlickArmorNo, jumping will not save you for at least two reasons:
1. The reference frame, your jump is relative to the moving cabin.
2. A human being wouldn't be able to exert enough force to counteract the fall.
The cabin will keep experiencing gravitational pull while you're still inside independent of your jump, so you'll get crushed together with the cabin - your upward motion inside of the cabin won't stop that from happening.
@@jewersp that makes sense. And with that in mind I don't think there would be any upward motion inside that box. Like you say it would take incredible strength to over come the speed and gravitational forces.
Neil, I also jumped on the elevator but also just before it started. When the elevator was about to descend and you jumped then you're in the air longer trying to catch up to the floor. But when you jump just before ascending then the floor smashes into your feet harder than normal. So fun. I gotta go do this right now.
Don't. It is dangerous
@@CarlosAlberto-vg3qy exactly!
My best jumping story, When I was in the Army, I was sent to a armor unit working with the mechanics. My first day there, they asked me to test the shocks on a tank by jumping up and down on it. I already knew what was going to happen, nothing, so I did it anyway to play along and make friends.
why ? @@CarlosAlberto-vg3qy
I came here for NGT, stayed for chuck. And subbed because you are my favourite 1 and 1/2 black person on the tube now. Becoming a patreon the minute i get steady work.
What a week! Yall churning out GOLD ❤❤❤
Doesn't the ball leave the enclosure of the train and get impacted by external winds or still air friction before it goes back down the stack?
On a real train at train speeds, definitely. This is a model train going at its slow pace inside a classroom where there would be very minimal air friction. Then, if the ball isn't tossed very high, it very well should fall back in the stack.
Also assuming the model train is running at a perfectly constant speed along a perfectly level and straight track with a perfectly vertical stack.
Just have to mention that the golf ball, will suddenly go from zero wind resistance to the wind resistance somewhat equal to the train speed. So it will land behind it's original location.
So it's not an apples to apples comparison with the plane scenario. Unless, you jump from inside the plane, to the outside ;)
Exactly the point I was about to make!
Was going to write this. Unless the train is in a vacuum there is no way that golf ball is landing back in the same spot.
It was a model train used and an exact speed was never stated for the train. Also, a golf ball is designed to have little to no wind resistance, if I am not mistaken, so the wind resistance may be negligible for the model train experiment.
Sorry, I just saw this. I made a similar comment.
@@jefflane8272The speed of the train is of no consequence. As long as the ball moves from a place of zero wind resistance, to a place with wind resistance (assuming the speed of train is static), then the ball will not fall back to its original point. All objects moving through air will encounter resistance.
This was a very interesting video! I loved it🙌🏾
I always wondered but now I know. Thx
Omg this was a question I always wondered as a kid only thing different was being on a bus not a plane. And to this day I always tried to figure it out. Now the fly analogy helped answer my follow up question if something was suspended in air like a drone would the plane move without you. Thanks for answering this. 🙏🏾
Absolutely brilliant
Thank you so much.
Can you do one about air pressure and when the bottle of water expands or shrinks when you land, and perhaps fun ways to look at air pressure ?
Thanks guys, you are amazing x
I alwayysssss wondered about jumping in an elevator and plane. Thank you, as always, Mr. deGrasse Tyson, for your vivid explanations.
Fantastic episode!
I think it would've been nice to explain the difference between jumping inside the airplane and from the top of the airplane.
If you jump while on top a plane while moving , you make a beautiful arc to the ground is my guess.
@@garethbates5044😂😂😂😂😂👍
In your explanation of the ball, coming out of the trains smokestack. Wouldn’t the ball be subject to certain amount of wind resistance that isn’t present to the subject inside of the plane. Wouldn’t that wind resistance push the ball further back from the fixed object at a constant speed on the train?
I second this. Unless we are talking absolute vacuum.
He was talking about a toy train not moving fast enough for air resistance to affect the ball enough to miss the funnel it came from.
Informative and funny as always.
Now, where is the nearest elevator to me??
I love this show. Fun and informative!! ✌!!
When I was a kid and I and my friends were taking the bus, the bus in question used in Reykjavik had a standing area at the very back of the bus, behind the aft wheels. We often used that area to play in, even though there were available seats elsewhere on the bus, because we were jumping up every time the bus went over a speedbump. This of course catapulted us much higher then normally and was great fun!
We did the same on our school bus when I was young. Behind the back wheels, on a bumpy road, timing the jump to get more height & stay airborne longer. Fun times.
The double slit experiment seems like Warner bros cartoon physics tho
Just had this question in my head, lol! Great show
Always enjoy the lectures. Great content guys!!
I'm afraid that's not a good compliment, jk 😂
@@prakash_77Wdym? Lectures aren't always boring 😐.
I often wonder what would happen if while on a plane that is traveling at a constant speed you took out a mini drone and have it hover above a single spot for 30+ min. Would the drone eventually, ever so slowly, end up at the back of the plane? Does the time spent for the drone decoupled from the plane cause both the plane and air in the cabin to slowly move forward ahead leaving the drone behind?
This is a better question.
Well it's using the air to hover and the air inside the plane is also going 500mph
This is what I have been wondering. While the air in the plane is moving along with the plane at the same speed, it is also a fluid, and the object has an effect on it imposed by the air. What about if you pumped the air out and made it into a vacuum? This naturally would not work with a drone. I guess if you took this experiment into outer space and performed it, as long as there were no other forces acting on the system, I think an object suspended in the middle of the cabin would probably stay there not moving at all. This is of course with the object being relative to the cabin even if the ship was moving along at any rate of speed. As long as there are no changes to the system the object could stay in that position indefinitely? Laws of inertia? You certainly have to be careful in the phrasing and specifics of such ideas as things can get misinterpreted / misunderstood. I think this is interesting to think about.
There are more reasons for the upright position of the seat... one of them is that in the case of an emergency landing it gives the passenger behind you more space for the brace position.. also the possibility of sliding under the seatbelt during rapid deceleration is lower
Most of these explaining also why the tray table needs to be stowed.
It also creates more space for the rear passengers to disembark quickly in an emergency
Otherwise the flight attentants need to put all the seats in upright positions themselves. This surely is the only reason 😂
I don't know about that bit about sliding under the seat belt... that implies that there's room for you to slide forward into, where your knees are already quite possibly touching the seat in front, depending on how big you are. If the seat belt is properly adjusted that minor angle won't make a difference, you'll still buckle (no pun intended) forward.
This isn’t gravitron, nobody chooses to sit vertical or upside down. Especially not for hours and hours and hours. I suppose you enjoy all the blood going to your head for hours on end? The seats are upright because it’s how they should be. Fighter pilots can fly upside down, but guess what? They sit upright... whoaaaaa O.o
Awesome content OG (I grew up watch your Space Time Odyssey series ) and Chuck you honestly great. Thanks gents can't wait for my next flight 😂
Thanks, spent all day at working thinking about this
But the train has an engine to move it forward all the time; the ejected ball has no further forward energy applied and it deals with friction.
and air resistance
I just asked a similar question. I would hate to think that StarTalk got such a simple animated physics proposition wrong. But I think they might have, in this instance. 😮
It has momentum though
It's still got it's forward momentum and a golf is reasonably heavy for its size.
The small amount of time it was exposed would only have a negligible effect.
Yes! If it goes high enough, the friction of the air would make it land behind the starting point!
But what if you jump while the plane is "accelerating"? you would land in a different place when jumping
3:45
Yes you would, same as deceleration!
very cool, thanks for sharing
Physics is very cool, great video!!
The Earth rotates at 1000 mph. I know this because I was in Virginia, right? and I jumped in the air and somehow I ended up in Colorado
That happens to me all the time. I hate it when that happens.
i jumped up during lunch, landed in nyc grabbed a slice jumped again now i’m in the ocean…😢
In Virginia, your not going 1000 mph. That speed is at the equator, not north/south latitude of it.
I knew there was a scientific flaw in his example, but I couldn't pinpoint it. @@MrT------5743
@@MrT------5743thats the issue with rpm, on a circle width, diameter. The metre is a human label unit, and distance will vary with rotation amount in the unit time of a second, which again a second length is designed by human labelling. This is why we use the unit horse power and measure in a average force of one horse. As you decrease the diameter of a circle, the shaft is still doing the same rpm, but the circumfance of the circle will be doing less distance, but will have more torque than a larger circumfrance at the same rpm. So in science we have to set a standard of distance when measuring say one metre for sound loudness, so we can compare to other experiements like for like, ie a reference standard.
All measurements are a made up length by humans of what the human enviroment is, ie night and day. So on other planets 1Hz, one rotation, may not be the same length of a second in time between the planets, and water due to gravity differences may not weigh the same in Kilos ie 1m x 1m x 1m cube of water = 1 metric ton, which is the reference point for weighing other elements.
if you think about it, what you really meant is that in this accelerating reference frame, if you jump in such a way that all the force is normal force to the floor and no friction force, then you will indeed not land in the same spot, but if you jump in the direction that feels upwards/normal then you will land in the same spot, and the angle from the normal you will jump in will create a perfect little parabolic arc that lands you in the same spot on the floor form the outside observers perspective, pretty amazing stuff i think :).
And thank you for the explanation of both the airplane and elevator I always wanted to know that
Love you, guys. And Chuck catches up! Very good pairing.Thank you, guys! An thank you, Carl. RiP
We need an explainer on plane routes. On a flat map you can have a route having turns but on a globe they travel in a straight line direction.
Essentially, it just comes down to the medium in which its being depicted. A flat map, is just that, flat, it doesn't take into account the earths curvature, which is why Africa is generally much larger (or smaller, I forget which way round it is specifically) on a 2d map, nor does it account for the earths rotation or that the planets axis is skewed. If you were to take that flat map and stretch it around a globe, introducing the earths curvature to the route, add the earths own momentum, and tilt it a bit (what is it, 22 degrees?), the turns on the flat map, should, start to resemble more of a straight line.
The sharp turns (30 degrees or so) that you would see on the in flight map, at least 15+ yrs ago (its been awhile since I've been abroad), I believe is just to do with when the planes location was last updated via the gps sats. If the plane passed into a new longitudinal "zone" in between gps updates, the 2nd update in the new zone could make the plane appear to of turned, I believe. That last part I could just be making up but it makes sense to me. That being said, many flight paths do have turns in them. Slight (5 degree) deviations, to allow for a variety of things ranging from weather to traffic but I know that wasn't what you were referring to, I just felt it worth adding :)
I think the main reason you put our seatback up is for the person behind you. If the plane is jolted so your upper body is thrown forward and the seatback in front of you is back, you're going to hit it, but also, if you're in a situation where they tell you to put your head down , you won't be able to bend forward if the seatback in front of you is not in the upright position.
It’s so that reclined seats don’t make it hard for you to get up out of your seat. Try getting up when the person in front is in full recline, at least in economy.
Damn! I came here to be entertained but left after learning something. I wasn’t even searching for this video but somehow stayed till the end. I’m not even mad! 😂
Like for Chuck! His witty humor just makes science so much more fun for me, oh and the wholesome laugh he always gets from Neil is priceless 😆!
The Marshal comes and tackles you. 😭
Neil for president who with me?
He’s got my vote
Neil's a liberal no no no
And NOW I understand why the seatbelts at takepff and landing! Turbulance at those points in time WITHOUT being secured, could be catastrophic for the occupants. (Everyone is unsecured, everyone would get flung around the cabin in the event of turbulance enough to lift you from your seat.) A friend is an actuary, and his yardstick for defining a "good day" is...did I learn something today? Thank-you. You made today a good day!
Funny thing: When Dr Degrase told about the train and the ball- we could see his friend eyes saying...this is too much😂😅😊. Great program. Saying hi from Brazil
I love these types of videos, no wonder u looked familiar. Seen u talked about the universe
Wowwwwwwwwwwww!!! I have had this thought as a child…thank youuuuuuu!!!!
College dorm had an 11 story elevator. We used to do "resonance experiments" with it, seeing if a small group of us could bounce in unison at the right rate to make the cables go slack and trigger the safety brake. 😄
You're the reason the 'vader was always broken.
love this
you guys made me fall in love with science
Fascinating facts✌️👍
They ask you to put your seat back up for taxi, takeoff, and landing, to give the person behind you enough space to get out of the plane in an emergency evacuation. That's also why seats in front of an emergency exit will not recline. It is also important to keep your seatbelt fastened during cruise, in case you encounter any clear-air turbulence. Without your seatbelt on, you could break your neck if you slam into the ceiling.
Query on your train/golf ball example - What happens to the ball if there is a strong wind opposing the ball, would it still land back in the stack?
Firemen taught me how to break out after 2 friends and I got stuck in a moving elevator at 11 years old from jumping up and down while it was moving. Turns out elevator cables didn't like me jumping up and down in the elevator😊
That knowledge did come in handy on a Friday years later on the way home from work. Took off my heels, pull the inside door open, pressed the upper lever, popped open the outside elevator door, and climbed down to the next floor avoiding being stuck for hours on a Friday evening😊
It's a good thing you guys made this video because honestly I was curious about what would happen if I did that I was honestly going to do it the next time traveled
Merci! :)
This is fascinating I can't believe I only just found NDT love learning new things
As a kid I always jump at the peak of the elevator lift. And now I understand why that was so much fun. Thanks y’all
“The seat only goes back 2 inches” big true
well done
First off I just want to say another amazing explainer and love your content. I do just have a question with the train example. Due to it not being done in a sealed environment like you are in a plane shouldn’t the ball have drag while airborne pushing it backwards relative to the train?
Yes, air resistance would affect the lateral motion. Usually you lean into physics though, so air resistance (in every way) isn't taken into account in order to prove the underlying point. Adding in fluid dynamics (since air is a fluid) can be a tough problem to solve because you'll need a cross section of the ball, a coefficient of friction, a density and makeup of the gases in the air, specific velocities of the train and possibly wind direction, and other variables in order to find an answer close enough to the expected solution.
I have asked mathy and sciency people for years a similar question. If someone in the front of the plane threw a baseball to someone in the back, will the ball move faster when the plane is traveling at a high rate of speed compared to being stopped on the ground. Those that didn’t think I was nuts agreed with you. Interesting. Thank you!
You guys rock!🙌🏻🤍
Very interesting indeed.
good video
I first learned this lesson in 8th Grade, thanks to a book called _It's All Relative._ That's also where I learned how gravity works...a subject that was sadly never covered in Science class.
It is sounds almost "similar" the "frame-dragging" hypothesis, but only effects the interior/contents of the aircraft...
I would love to see a StarTalk discussion about Frame-Dragging and how it could maybe circumvent the laws of matter (particles) "traveling" fast than light..
Clearly, you two are awesome😂!!!
Hilarious topic 😂 also interesting
New here but, what about dropping a wrench in a submarine?
The sub is buoyant in the water but gravity still affects everything in it.
Love this channel!
I don't know about jumping in one, but playing catch with a football in a C-5 Galaxy was fun!
Doc, u are brilliant! 😳
Interesting 💯💯💯💙
In the train and golf ball example, won't the outside air play a role in whether the ball fall back to same point it left? In a slow moving model train, it probably has minimal effect but in a real train traveling 50 miles an hour, is there a calculation that takes into the variable of the friction caused by the standing outside air?
Love the cartoon stuff and videos makes it sweeter
I would like you explain about being on a moving ship on the ocean. I'm a retired US Navy CPO. Many times when you would need to climb the stairs/ladder you would take only 1 step (of a 10 rung ladder) and you would be at the top of the ladder. what in physics causes this? I was amazed by this in my Navy career.
This is a guess on my part, but I think you might be describing a catapult sensation while the ships bow or stern was taking a dip after cresting a wave?
I volunteer Chuck to try the jumping experiment while riding the airport shuttle! Also, when that fly that you let on the plane finally lands, is the plane now heavier?
Good Times! 😂❤🖖🏻 Especially popping in the back of the School bus 🤣🤕🤣
Does the time duration you spend on the air when you "jump" have any effect on your point of impact? Or is it because the air is, also moving at the same speed that has no effect on your point of impact? Thanks.
With no air you still land on the same spot as you were moving at the same speed of the airplane. No need of a medium.
Many years ago I remember having a similar discussion when transporting a caged eagle in an Airforce C-130 Hercules I was flying at the time. Although there wasn't enough space for the eagle to get airborne, the loadmaster quipped that if he could get it to fly it could help with the takeoff... a lively - and humorous - argument ensued about the acceleration vectors and whether the mass of the bird should be included for [takeoff/cruise/landing] performance calculations should it take flight. In an attempt to resolve both these questions, it was suggested we operate de-pressurized with the ramp and door open. I think, even after many post-flight beers, we still did not resolve this fully.
Isn't this illustrated irl every time the flight attendant pours a drink?
Also always interesting to mention is the parabolic flight to get a zero-gravity scenario inside a plane. It's used to train for space flight.
Weightlessness, not 0-gravity. Those are two different things 😅. If there was no gravity, you'd get smashed at the back/front of the plane depending on the falling or rising maneuver. It's only because there's gravity that this weightlessness is possible 😛.
I like listening to Neil deGrasse Tyson.
Thank you sir.
Greetings from Tamil Nadu India.
One quick question. In the ball in the smokestack, would the friction on the air since it is outside the vessel have a minor effect so it would be slightly behind the stack when it comes down?
I was thinking the same and my guess would be that it would fall down behind the smokestack.
@startalk I would like to see cosmos possible worlds but it has not been available in europe / netherlands. When can we stream it or buy the blu ray?