Carbon Fiber vs Kevlar vs Fiberglass - Which one is right for YOU?
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- čas přidán 30. 07. 2016
- Today we answer the age old question; what's the difference between Carbon fibre/fiber, Kevlar and Fibreglass? 30 Second version here: • Carbon vs Kevlar vs Fi...
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Random tensile test: • Tensile Test
Carbon tension test: • Unidirectional Composi...
Carbon manufacturing video: • An Inside Look at BMW'...
Sparks from F1: • Video
F1 wing flex: • Formula 1 2016 Ferrari...
Wing Failure: • EVO Time Attack Car Lo...
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Since CZcams is about to delete annotations, figured I'd post them here for everyone to see. Enjoy the video!
0:01 The numbers in this video are generic data taken from official sources (such as DuPont) to demonstrate trends. Your material specifics may vary significantly. Always consult your material data from your manufacturer before designing a layup!
10:14 What I more should've said was shock loading where the part is expected to not fail, as fibreglass and kevlar will do better here. Carbon is a very common material in impact attenuators because they are designed to permanently deform (fail) inwards. Carbons high stiffness allows you to use a tube like structure and be very strong in direct compression (10:19 in video) without buckling. You then use a geometry like a tapered cylinder or cone and it essentially folds in on itself, absorbing large amounts of energy as it progressively folds down. This is further helped by the thicker walls per unit weight for carbon, which means they have more bending strength on a skin basis. FIbreglass may have buckled in this scenario (on either a skin or whole structure level, not stiff enough), and kevlar is weak in compression, so carbon is the way to go.
10:31 Kevlar fuel tanks: Kevlar has very high toughness and good abrasion resistance, and fuel tanks are a component that will only ever see very high loadings in tension, so Kevlar is appropriate here. I guess for the applications I was only really thinking bodywork
Carbon Fiber looks better too, but...What about Carbon Fiber wrapped on a Fiber Glass core? Like 50/50, 40/60, 30/70 wrap to core? just wonderin
can you please share the PDF file containing all these graphs. that would be very kind of you , Thanks
Where can I buy the fiberglass S glass And the resin?
what would be the best for crash structures, to soften the impulse in collisions (adequately decelerate car but in a long enough time period to reduce crash impact g-forces), while also optimizing weight and cost?
Hi Kyle, if you're about to make war suit in case of handling sword/spear not bullet what material you'll use?
carbon fiber vinyl is the best, instantly adding 100+ horsepower unlike any of those
Don't forget to put a toyo tires sticker because with all that horsepower provided by the carbon fiber vinyl, you will need more grip
YES!
And this is only for doorlock, if prepare the transmission you adding 10000+hp
add a vtec sticker and instant 1500 hp
@@xkobeplayz5396 what you really need is a Wu-Tang Clan sticker. will add 3500 hp
I didn't understand any of this, screw it, i'm using concrete.
I wonder if carbon fiber reinforced concrete is a thing
lmao this made my day
Swedish studies apparently showed that bamboo sticks of 30 mm diameter are a better used in earthquake prone regions than regular steel rebars. :) You possibly still could build a race car of bamboo.
lol
Make sure its hemp Crete...it will be like s glass, to e glass. Worst case scenario, smoke the bud first, and don't worry about nothing.
Wow, you really understood what we non-engineers needed to understand. Thanks for the interpretation of these materials. I had tried to understand it myself in the past and it was frustrating to not be able to get a clear interpretation. I will rewatch this several times until I can regurgitate it for applications in the future.
I am now enlightened and ready to argue with everyone about racing materials..
Video man basically did just that.
Dont argue man, dudes will be head over heels for cf they will say cf is the best and should be use everywhere in car
This agrees with my experience building high performance power and sailboats. I worked with S glass, carbon, and Kevlar from about 1978 to 1998, it appears that things haven't changed much.
Most of the failures I saw were compression failures, we quickly learned never to use Kevlar in compression. I think part of the problem is that it's hard to get Kevlar (basically a polyethylene, therefore "slippery") to bond to the matrix. It was always a pain in the ass to use, hated by all.
I loved S glass, by far the best strength and stiffness / dollar, great in compression. With any fiber, but especially with glass you must make sure that the sizing is compatible with the resin you use.
Carbon fiber, miracle shit. We built a 30' carbon fiber/epoxy/Nomex honeycomb sailboat hull and bracing (ca. 1988) that came off the mold at about 250 lbs, stiff as a brick. Two layers of 0/90 tow | Nomex honeycomb | 0/90 tow. Only issue? you could take a sharp pencil and smash it straight through the hull. We warned the purchaser not to do that...
Where can I learn your craft?
Have done boatloads of research & hands on. Give you some tips. freemansuppy.com for their free vid library using their pattern/moldmakers gear. Look carefully at compositeenvisions.com for their 3 (yes they cost something) videos explaining how to do professional layups. Com Envisions is the best place on the continent for exotics. Things are wild out there as some can use 3D software, 3D optical/lazer scanners to do near female mold quaulity with 3D printers. Now that Stratasys patents on their Ultem 9085 (PEE plastic)have lapsed a thin honeycomb & thin film covering both sides with a laundry list of prepegs vac bagged/autoclaved cheeper than female molding processes. Look at 3dp-platform.com i like their WorkBench Series #400 with bed size at 39" on "Y"axis by 57" on "X"axis by 27&3/4" on "Z"axis(folds thru house doorways & runs 45 to 55K$ depending on extruders and enclosures). It is thoff to get all their info on CZcams but their next model up is 112" on the "X"axis.
I'm assuming that's 2 layers of 0/90, 2 layers nomex, and 2 layers more 0/90, otherwise that's insanely thin for a boat hull. Even still, that's thin for a hull. I've done aerospace stuff and am slightly triggered you didn't do any 45. We only use kevlar for things like belly panels that get lots of abrasions or internal "hinges" Otherwise it's not a very good structural component. Never tried stabbing it with a pencil, but a (I believe) 2 ply tailboom is practically unbreakable and works as a baseball bat.
Chimera my old man would like to pick your brain, he’s designing a high cruising speed ocean shuttle.
Can you hybrid layer? Say have Fibreglass on the outside, then carbon fibre? Would it bring any benefit to the penetration protection or performance?
I was a material science student, this is just like music to my ears, haha.
Go into detail on how composite structures work from a stress point of view!
Brush up on your tensor calculus!
hahahaha... good observation.
why?
This pls
@@coyn11 oof tensors
I'd love a resin comparison video. This video was really informative.
In sailplane construction, we use glass fibre extensively to handle bearing stress, where it outperforms aramid and carbon fiber. We use aramid in the crash protection zone of the canopy, where glass and carbon dust would be harmful in a crash. We use carbon fibre only where lightness and stiffness is important. Also, the stiffness you give for the raw materials is much greater than the fibre-matrix combination, with carbon fibre in an epoxy matrix having only a quarter of the stiffness of steel.
This was incredibly interesting and informative. Thanks!
cant add anything to this. i've whasted hours on articles, that were nowhere near as conclusive and well founded iRL information
That was a great lecture. I have not had one like that since I was in my engineering materials class at the University of Arizona 30 some years ago. You covered it masterfully.
Great video! As someone who studied engineering, it's awesome to see someone talking in real terms.
Hey man great vid, I was looking for something like this. One variable you never mentioned is temperature resistance. I would love to see you going through matrices, different resins or other materials to bond the fibers!
Nice, it's been a while since I last read anything technical regarding composite materials. This video helped clearing up a lot of things. Thumbs up!
One of the very few threads where the comments are as enlightening as the original video. Thank you so much.
Thumbs up. Much better than a bunch of professors lectures.
Anytime you ask if we want a video. My vote is yes.
Well presented and digested for us genies. Lightning quick intro, to the point and abundance of knowledge condensed in 11 minutes. I truly enjoyed it. Well done mate and many thanks.
This is a great video! Really helpful for understanding the basics without getting bogged down in hyper technicalities.
Great video. I build R/C speedboats and these rules pretty much apply to speedboats too. Contrary to my collaegue model-builders I have always appreciated the use of GFK (fibreglass) in many areas where others chose Carbon-fibre by default.
I just watched a bar graph power point presentation in my real life. There's a first for everything.
The most informative video comparing these popular media’s I’ve ever seen. Thank you.
You deserve no only my subscription, but all my admiration as this is one of the best videos I've ever seen on youtube, from a technical perspective.
Not only the information is complete regarding every aspect of each material is compared in isolation, but the combination in real use is perfectly described for practical analysis. Plus conscise and not self-oriented video. I'm definetely gona stick around you channel! :)
I'm sincerely impressed by your explanation of the different compounds. I had always known that "traditional carbon fiber twill" had no actual value against glass but this is definitive information to back it up
There's a bit more to it than that. Matrix materials are only as good as their design. By playing with the characteristics of the material used in junction with pattern design, part geometry and so forth you can easily rig up a design that makes one material excel over the other. This is true even in cases where the first material is better for the application on paper. For this reason you often see carbon in sailboat masts, for example, where flex to weight ratio is a key factor or even in rigid bike frames which often experience high momentary forces. This is also the idea behind enforcing carbon with kevlar. Furthermore, carbon parts also excel in the long run when you look at plastic deformation over time, due to applying bending and torsion forces to a geometry. This, in turn, lets us to look at the economics of materials science differently as well. The biggest problem with carbon fibre, however, is the lack of automation options in a production scenario... hence the price tag.
A lot of people might think I'm crazy but I got really excited seeing the very technical and lecture-like video and hit subscribe immediately. Thank you for sharing your knowledge!
This is one of your best videos man. Your channel in general has very good content.
I'm looking forward to see your video about stress
Huge fan of your vids- def the best at explaining motorsport engineering on the web. I have a request- can you do one on chassis rigidity? It's generally accepted that stiffer is better, but is that really true? Is chassis flex ever a good thing? Do engineers actually tune for it?
Seconded! It's interesting how chassis rigidity is always touted as a plus, but many cars that we hold in high regard, like the Lotus Exige, or Honda's s2000 are not the most rigid. Great video as always, Kyle. Lots of information!
In top fuel dragsters flex is extremely important. I don't know any details, but the frames are so delicate looking, that I don't know how they handle the extreme horsepower and stresses. Failure in some have resulted in dramatic crashes and amazingly few injuries do to cocoon type driver pods usually made of carbon fiber.
tmactmacy no
Never
You never want energy to be going into moving or flexing the chassis
I don't think manufacturers want flexible cars.
If they did they wouldn't brag about making the car 25% stiffer from last years model every year.
It may add a layer of comfort to commuter cars with cheap suspension, however on performance cars manufacturers don't want the body flexing and pulling the suspension out of alignment.
Beyond a certain point added chassis stiffness is a byproduct of other needs, usually NVH and crash worthiness. Plus OEM suspension bushes are often three-dimensional compliant, thus providing different suspension sets for different load conditions - chassis flex is far less of an issue for handling purposes than it was 15 years ago.
and that's why car manufacturers use carbon fiber for stiffness and fiberglass for strength for their race cars.
actually mix or layer them together.
Floor IT! Whats wrong with you commenting on your own comment
@@floorit3669 True, my amuse wing is a mix of carbon and fiber. It so easy to maintenance.
WOw, now it takes a month to understand that all. I need to see this again !! Thanks !
Thanks Kyle. Cleared up a bit of confusion for me. Appreciate it mate.
Love this video, I use both carbon and fibreglass, carbon isnt needed in my application but some customers hear carbon and theyre impressed even if fibreglass is the more suitable material...
A fiberglass wing looks like someone vomited up a furball after licking their grannies hair. No one wants that on their high quality applications..
I had both fiberglass with carbon.. It depend where I want it on the bumper or on the wing...
9:25 I like that you're not made of fibreglass.
Thank you, Kyle!!! thanks for giving the references!!! you have just saved me a lot of research work, only for finding some simple properties! thank you!!
Brilliant presentation. Answered all of my questions and quandaries.
10:06 You gotta be aware of those cons -
People will think you're cheap, well duh!
Good summary, but I think you should have added aloooooominum, titanium and unobtanium to your comparison too.
And plutonium
Vibranium
Adamantium
Thank you for taking the time to post. FG seems to have the best flexibility and strength retention plus cost efficiency.
Wow this was very interesting information I didn't know this. Thanks for posting this video
Ah no. I would suggest that the failure mode of S glass (if you can get it) is not superior to Kevlar. Kevlar is a curious material as you note. Being a form of nylon its failure more in some respects that of metal: when loaded to saturation the micro failures along the fibres allow for energy absorption, which can be very useful. However the fibres are very tough and so the composite will not break into pieces.
I think you also have the thickness aspect of CF/FG backwards. You will need a thicker FG part compared to CF as the FG needs more material for the same stiffness - with the thicker laminate becoming stiffer in part due to beam theory. There is also the tooling and resin requirements for each fibre system to consider, you can use a poly/vinylester resin for the FG, but epoxy is best for aramid/epoxy.
The 200gsm textreme CF is around $30/m.
Hi! I need to clear up some things!
So you are saying that High modulus Carbon fibers are essentially strands of diamonds?
After 2800°C heat treatment of mesophase pitch-based Carbon fibers they reach a mean interlayer distance of 0.342nm. Ideal Graphite's is about 0.335nm, so MPP-based Carbon fibers are nearly Graphite fibers! The carbon atoms in graphite are sp2 hybridized. That's why MPP-based CFs are good electrical conductors. Diamond bonds on the other hand are purely sp3 hybridized, the bonds are saturated so there are no electrons to transport any current. Diamonds are insulators. It is also important to note that the microstructure of carbon fibers both pitch- and PAN-based are not 100% understood to this day.
Side note: Diamond Nanothreads can be synthesized by applying huge pressure (200000bar) to benzene and slowly reducing the pressure to let the threads grow.
Also I need to ask you something about your table of material strengths. I'd be glad if I could buy materials with these strengths off the shelves lol. Where did you get the data of Kevlar + Epoxy. 3500 MPa?
Look, here is some tensile strength data of epoxy prepreg laminates from Hexcel which are basically available off the shelf:
E-Glass:
UD: 1100 MPa
Fabric: 600 MPa
Aramid:
UD: 1100 MPa
Fabric: 500 MPa
High Strength Carbon:
UD: 2000 MPa
Fabric: 800 MPa
Intermediate Modulus Carbon:
UD: 2400 MPa
Fabric: 900 MPa
I think it would have been smarter to compare laminate strengths than pure fiber strengths. Pure fiber strength data is a marketing tool! PAN-based IM fibers are marketed with strengths over 7000 MPa. The data is gathered from tensile testing of single filaments with huge measurement errors that are sometimes larger than the measurement value!!!
IEleMenTIx way to Go. Good observatórios.
IEleMenTIx Agreed. And laminate strength/modulus should always be tested using your own samples. I wouldn't trust MatWeb to save my life.
Yes, except that carbon fiber is more expensive than diamonds. ;}
TL:DR?
Exactly the info I needed. Thank you!
its so hard trying to understand composites and I applaud your video for explaining the important differences!! I understand so much better now.
You can always combine them
Rentta into one single material?
Carbon-kevlar composite.
you can do one layer of carbon with layers of glass to save one money
Is this viable? Do these composites work well together? I would love to see this.
FOUND MY ANS: czcams.com/video/j7bQYEt_qtU/video.html
that beion said, carbon fibre looks 10x cooler than fibreglass.
There's metallic fiberglass that looks neat imo, but that depends on your tastes www.easycomposites.co.uk/#!/fabric-and-reinforcement/reinforcement-fabric-samples/alufibre-silver-glass-fibre-SAMPLE.html
Also, I wonder why I haven't seen exotics sports cars with colored carbon fiber, I think it looks awesome. www.easycomposites.co.uk/#!/fabric-and-reinforcement/reinforcement-fabric-samples/22-twill-210gsm-3k-1m-RED-SAMPLE.html
Really educational. Answers a question I've wondered for a long time.
Thank you Kyle, I appreciate the knowledge you share, it is very thoughtful of you.
Dude F chopped strand. I really don't know what it'd be good for other than plugging a fekin' hole.
There's different weaves in fiberglass as well. Mat, normal weave, satin, biaxial, triaxial even.. I've seen a bunch of variations. The type of cloth and weave can determine how much epoxy the cloth absorbs.
I even glassed with canvas before... Which sucked b/c I spent a lot of time trying to work the epoxy into the cloth... Luckily it was West Systems 209, so cure time is SUPER slow in a 75 degree room.
Sglass can be arguably different b/c it has a twist in the weave... However I've seen E-glass (verified cheap E glass) that had a twist in the weave too.
S-glass is going to be a little more whiter than E-glass (greenish), but in comparison I think it comes down to how you're laying it. I made 2 fish tanks, same exact dimensions, glassed the inside of both tanks. Went e-glass the first time for my tank, s-glass the 2nd time for the customer's tanks. Used all the same dimensions, screw spacing, same number of layers, etc.
The S-glass tanks bowed on the back side (where no glass was), the E-glass tank did not.
Generalizing fiberglass in a video is kinda weird. There's variations in strength between 2 different e-glass sellers with the EXACT same weave.
Then to get into the epoxy strength... Cure times of hardener, temperature outside, brand, UV resistance (because fiberglass strength is different on day # 5 vs day # 2000), etc... all this comes into play too.
I actually bought a splash guard shields for my g35 (carbon fiber), on ebay a while back Well I broke the guard under my oil pan area by driving over a small branch. This was at factory height too. The small branch just kicked up and wacked the panel. I heard it crunch and knew immediately it was broken.
Well it was only a long crack with a huge hole... So I peeled/cut away the loose pieces, propped it back into shape and threw a couple of satin weave fiberglass mats over it with West systems epoxy, 206 hardener... built a foil plug where the hole was...
Babied it/formed it - until it got tacky. Let it cure. Fastened it on so it hinges forward for oil changes.
O M F G
I'm lowered now, and there was a huge rock on highway 75 (dallas) that was kicked up and broke into pieces like right in front of me (they closed that lane for a few days).
A huge rock tunneled under my car, as I drove over it. It sounded horrible.
Just scratched fiberglass.
Dented the hell out of my exhaust. Even felt like it lifted my car a bit.
Another piece still cracked a lower control arm though :(
ANYWAY! They make aluminum splash guards for 200$ now... probably sticking to my glassed guard though.
Dude you're like the rainman of fiberglass.
Chris Foster wow! 👍
... Which material would be best for building a micro/mini drone frame?
Well, drones are often made of carbon fiber composites, which are probably your best bet here.
The light weight and high stiffness are going to be pretty important in a drone.
Chopped strand serves to add bulk. In using glass vs say carbon, and if cost is more important than weight, use of chopped strand (or mat, it's the same thing) can add some bulk and give you a stiffer, albeit heavier laminate. Mat also serves a VERY useful purpose when using woven materials, especially heavier ones. If you try to apply several layers of woven, you have to have some cushioning between the layers, or you run the risk of delaminating under impact loads. In effect, the bumps in the woven material can sit on top of one another, resulting in half the laminate having glass against glass, while the other half is resin rich. Hit it with a strong enough impact and it will tear apart. Using a chopped strand mat gives a cushion, something to fill the space between opposing skins , allowing glass fibers to interlink between them, making delaminating MUCH less likely.
Sounded like he said rice car engineering
Australian niggas
Awesome video, great information, quickly and clearly presented.
This has been the most illuminating explaination on choosing composites that I have seen... . Thank you thank you thank you thank you
carbon carbon
sounds like a made up material
but its not
Cool, I am now educated to a university level as well. 😅
Thanks mate for passing on your knowledge. Cheers
Its good that you are addressing the subject concerning strength verses stiffness, that they are not the same thing.
False, black bear is best!
Black bear, beets, battle star Galacktica
The most important discussion is competely missing here. All these materials are useless without the bonding material - Polyesters, Vinylesters, or epoxy. Without this added into the mix, all the theory on material strength is mute! It is a combination of the bonding material plus the glass, kevlar, carbon - and foam too. Strength to weight also not discussed - where polymer resins come in and play a big part. Then there is how the parts are manufactured - lay ups are important too. starting with base coat - whether it is a gel or if there is an absence of it. Good presentation, but incomplete and therefore misleading.
Wow! That was very informative! Thanks!
This was a most excellent informational video. Lots of great information. Thanks for the thorough materials analysis.
Thanks for the info, great vid!
Great video and excellent comparison! Thank you!
This was so helpful u just saved me from doing some very expensive misstakes.
Excellent video. Very informative! Thanks for the insight.
Really good video. Well explained and not dumbing down on technical aspects on frp.
Great video man, Thanks, Answered lots of my questions...
Freaking awesome! Backed up with solid numbers and specs, no BS, no whoo whoo, good stuff!
Outstanding video! Much appreciated.
very informative video.. now I know much of the things about Kevlar ,glass fiber and carbon fiber ..
all the best my friend you impressed me alot through your quality information
This is the most informative video for any novice as to the basic yet crucial to know facts about these materials. Thanks for providing such quality sound and visual content. A true materials for dummies presentation.
This was super educational I really appreciate it I hope you can get a sponsor for you videos
thanks, i was looking for a channel like this.
Thanks mate ! This was a great video 👍🏻
Great video, best I have seen describing the relative benefits of the different composite materials and their cost
Very good overview, thanks!
loving your videos mate. love to see something on the basics of entry level weight balance. and rookies like me that just strip the rear without doing much to the front.
Really good and technical info!!
Thank you very much mate. You answered a lot of questions for me.
Great video!! Thanks you 4 sharing!
Thank you, exactly the information I needed.
great video. A good review of materials engineering. Thanks Doug
Extremely interesting video... congrats!!
Wow! very very informative video! Huge thanks!!!
Outstanding! This video is very informative and very interesting!
I don't know this channel I don't like cars, but I don't get how can someone dislike this video, it was really well done, informative and enjoyable...
Well I put my thumbs up
good bye!
Your video made it soo easy to digest the information. thank you for the great information.
Amazing explanation! Thank you very much.
awesome vid super detailed and I love it!
Awesome video! One thing I really wanted to know was heat blocking capabilities. I'm needing to make a heat-shield and building it out of conformable material like these is really my only option.
man, you're cool. it's the best explanation that i've seen
This has popped up in my recommended 45 times in the last week
Great video and very helpful info . Thanks
As an engineer, I love your channel as we speaks the same language. Appreciate that you put efforts on trying to explains engineering knowledge in a laymen way for non engineers. Hope to promote your channel for education purpose or even worth to translate into other languages
Excellent video. I learned a lot. Thank you!
Thats a really useful video. thanks.
Read my textbook and then watched this. Was a really well written summary of composites
Thanks, just what I was looking for.
Enjoyed this video thank-you for a simple explaination
Thanks for this.. Very easy to understand.
One of the best videos on youtube. top 1% for sure.