Is Vaping Worse Than Smoking? | Reacting to Your Medical Questions
Vložit
- čas přidán 9. 06. 2024
- Vaping vs smoking - what vaping does to your body and is vaping worse than smoking? Is vaping better than smoking nicotine cigarettes? ER Doctor Jordan Wagner is back with part 17 of a real doctor reacts to your most shocking medical questions and comments in this funny video and educational video of ER doctor reacting to your most embarrassing medical questions from Discord. Dr. Wagner unpacks the effects of vaping and smoking tobacco, discussing e-cigarettes and Juul, the impact of vaping nicotine, and whether vaping can lead to lung cancer. If you've wondered about the prevalence of vaping in schools and how to quit vaping, this video might catch your interest. While it doesn't delve into how to quit smoking specifically, it provides extensive coverage on whether "is vaping bad for you," and includes a broader discussion on nicotine, tobacco, and electronic cigarettes. Let Dr. Wagner know in the comments if he should make a video going into more detail!
OTHER DOCTOR & MEDICAL QUESTIONS VIDEOS I LIKE:
@Doctor Mike - Doctor Reacts To How I Met Your Mother Medical Scenes
• Doctor Reacts To How I...
@Doctor Mike - The Worst CZcamsr Injuries
• The Worst CZcamsr Inj...
@MrBeast - Ages 1 - 100 Decide Who Wins $250,000
• Ages 1 - 100 Decide Wh...
@Institute of Human Anatomy - What Vaping Does to the Body
• What Vaping Does to th...
@WIRED - Ken Jeong Answers Medical Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED
• Dr. Ken Jeong Answers ...
@WIRED - Ken Jeong Answers More Medical Questions From Twitter | Tech Support | WIRED
• Dr. Ken Jeong Answers ...
🚨 SUBSCRIBE for new videos every week! ▶ czcams.com/users/DoctorER?sub_...
SHOP LIFE HAPPNS SUPPLEMENTS:
Website ▶ lifehappns.com/
Amazon ▶ amzn.to/3SQoPjE
FOLLOW ME HERE:
Facebook ▶ / doctorer
Instagram ▶ / doctorer
Twitter ▶ / doctorer
TikTok ▶ / doctorer
Contact email ▶ info@doctor-er.com
Doctor ER Dr. Jordan Wagner, DO
#DoctorReacts #MedicalQuestions #DoctorJordanWagner
If you feel like you are actually experiencing a real-life medical emergency, immediately stop watching and call 9-11 or contact a medical professional. The information in this video is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The satirical nature presented in the video is for entertainment purposes and does not endorse the actions displayed. All content, including text, graphics, images, and information, contained in this video is for general information purposes only and does not replace an appointment with your own personal doctor.
![Eminem - Houdini [Official Music Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/22tVWwmTie8/mqdefault.jpg)
Join my Doctor ER Discord server HERE! ➡ discord.gg/94rBYeRD2M
Hello @DoctorER Good Video, React to Medical Scenes from Miraculous Ladybug
thought cigs were good have you seen the oil corps propaganda about climate change / cycles
@@coryryder9070Nicotine isn't good at all or healthy. Unless you want your lungs covered in tar then be ny guest. My mom is a chain smoker and smokes multiple cigs a day. I hate it as a man who has to put up with living with her.
@@TheSilverShadow17 so does my mom and family members smoke shat ton one uncle smoked like 2 packs a day many things in moderation but even cbc secrets of sugar documentry will smokeing kill me before ww3 posidion nukes and every nuclear plant go fukusshima
@@TheSilverShadow17 georgia guild stones denver airport
Vape or not: dont smoke people
Bingo!
Harmful to your lungs.
@@ClassicGreen2 lung cancer speedrunners be crazy
I've heard of doctors saying they'd much rather patients use nicotine pouches like Zyn because it has a minimal risk to gums (which can be mitigated with oral hygiene and changing the spot you put it in) instead of unknown risk to lungs, wonder what Dr Wagner would say about them.
Based bro, based
Having my wisdom teeth removed actually has made me wiser, because I no longer have to be distracted by the constant pain they cause from irritation from friction against the back of my gums and jaw, when having to think important thoughts.
my jaw is all fucked (really bad underbite, can stick my tongue out when my teeth are completely closed) and all of my wisdom teeth are in, I actually eat on my wisdom teeth almost exclusively because of my jawline.
I'm glad they don't cause me pain, but i'm not looking forward to the underbite-correction / wisdom teeth extraction surgery coming, because they said they're gonna do both
You mean you didn't like your cheek or gum meat being pinched by your wisdom teeth as you chew ? ;)
Actually took a chunk of flesh from my right chick. It was so painfull i couldn't eat for days.
I had all my teeth removed 😂 I have cystic fibrosis and Dentinogenesis imperfecta so being a CF patient I am on chronic antibiotics and this combo caused my teeth all to break even just by eating a sandwich
This is the most interesting section, even better than the analysis of injuries in cartoons
thats cool when a doctor is making videos, i really like ur content ✌️
Glad you like them! Let me know what topics you’d like for me to cover next or react to!
@@DoctorER i like how you answer to medical questions, i prefer not to search in google but watching how you explain, u have a good sense of humor :)
@@DoctorER some how i'm ending up to your channel time after time, for someone who's not drinking normal water for very long time or eat vegetables it is very useful for me to end up in channels like these!
@@DoctorER sbuscribed and thanks :)
My classmates vape during class, even when the teacher is in class. I once saw a photo of a person in whose mouth such a cigarette exploded and now I feel uneasy when they smoke because they are sitting right in front of me.
I heard that e-cigarettes were created to gradually reduce the dose of nicotine and get rid of addiction. It's sad that it backfired.
I kid you not, I was in a parking lot with a friend once, we looked out the window and saw a kid no older than 10 and he was vaping, it most certainly backfired
It's the low-quality batteries that explode, not the vapes themselves. In the same way, a phone in your pocket can explode, but these are rare cases. And smoking children - it seems that this is a worldwide problem
me and my friend tried exploding it by hitting it with rocks but its not that easy to explode
Дети, не парите и не курите
"I heard that e-cigarettes were created to gradually reduce the dose of nicotine and get rid of addiction. It's sad that it backfired." There's a slightly different question here. Whether you buy a vape with the intention of quitting or not. If you want to quit, it's a good tool. Lowering the strength of the liquid or the wattage definitely makes it easier to quit. Personally, I just use vape as (in my opinion) a safer analog to smoking. I used to vape up to two packs a day and even breathing was a bit difficult at times, plus a lot of coughing. Now I cough a couple of times in the morning and evening and I can breathe freely. Which, to me, is not a bad thing. And I don't smell like an ashtray.)
Thanks for answering the syphilis question. My favorite author, h.p Lovecraft, his father, had it and went mad, which became inspiration in some of his works.
Dude. I literally just defended my project on that theme at my school today! And now I’m seeing your video!
as for stress vomiting, *raises hand* when my mother passed away in 2015, my brother couldn't round up the nerve to walk in her hospice room and say his goodbyes (she had already flat-lined by the time we got to her floor.), i pushed thru my nerves went in said our goodbyes left a goodbye kiss on the forehead (i felt the leftover warth fade... ) and as i left the room i had to run immediately to the public bathroom in the guest's room on the hospice floor , and i was dry heaving for a few mins straight from the stress of having to say goodbye.
The vaping question, its so interesting.
Glad you think so! Hope you learned something!
@@DoctorER i stopped smoking cigarettes few years ago, but started to vape a lot! hope i'm not making a mistake..ofc i feel much better without cigarettes
@@KrC_Gameswell, you ARE making a mistake
@@night_9aresongschannel16 well i guess.. if not a vape i would still smoke cigarettes...i think vape can help me to quit smoking
@@night_9aresongschannel16 I made the same switch and the effects of vaping definitely FEEL less harmful than cigarettes. Not saying it's good for you but personally I think it's probably less bad.
my eye tend to wonder sometimes, simple blurry vision occasionally until I refocus on something. Never was painful
3:48 Yes I do: pharmaceutical grade vegetable glycerine, pharmaceutical grade propylene glycol, food grade flavorings, and a VERY small amount of synthetic nicotine (3% to be exact, i.e. 3mg/ml). All of which (besides the tiny amount of nicotine) are 100% safe, approved for human consumption, and are found in almost all packaged foods people consume every day. I know these ingredients, and ONLY these ingredients, are in my vapes because I mix all of my own vapes from those exact ingredients purchased from reputable stores.
how do u mux them? any guide?
@@valik7867 use E-Liquid Calculator
Nice video Dr. !
Thanks for watching!
On my first day of work (I worked as a receptionist at a hotel), I almost threw up from the stress: my partner didn’t come to relieve me after 9 pm, so I was asked to stay to work for a day, then my boss left, and I didn’t really know ANYTHING about my job . I went to the restroom when I felt very stressed (but nothing happened) I didn’t sleep all night.
In these situations, I would just not care. Your first day, overtime, no one experienced left at site. There is nothing you can do wrong at this time. I would actually feel way better at this point.
Thank you for answering my question about passing Scoliosis onto future children! I was always told that there's a chance I can, they even told me that my sister could as well, even though she doesn't have Scoliosis like I do.
Кормление детей грудным молоком, много кальция в еде првильная гимнастика с детства и будут у тебя здоровые дети. Не забудь сделать им прививки)
Благодарю за ролик! Лучший ют-доктор:)
Doc, can you do a reaction to the injuries from the movie Deadpool?
That could be awesome! Thanks for the recommendation!
Any possibility on gettin an episode on skin conditions? Psoriasis awareness would be something that would be good to see.
Been suffering from it for 13 years now and it has caused me psoriatic arthritis which is apparently rare?
Psoriasis also somehow managed to skip like 4 generations in my family and hit me like a freight train.
I have thrown up from stress
loved the video
Thank you! Hope you learned something new!
Hey Dr. Jordan, love your videos! Any chance you could do more WWF/ WWE reactions? Specifically the match between The Undertaker vs Mankind? I would love to see you react to more old school WWF matches!
I second this
I have started smoking for 3 times, quit twice, and on the third time I started vaping cause it became cheaper over time. As someone that has both smoked and vaped I can tell you, at least for me personally, that vaping is easier on the throat and lungs. While smoking I could very easily get a sore throat and basically cough my lungs up. But with vaping I only get a sore throat and coughing when I hit it a bit too much. And yes, certain fluids are more of an irritant than others. Overall, my experience with vaping is better than it was with smoking. If you don't have a nicotine addiction then don't start vaping, even if you're curious about trying it.
Thought the idea behind vaping was to eliminate second hand exposure, not direct intake. I don’t know where that one came from. But the idea is, the imbiber only exhales water vapor so to minimize public exposure.
The whole idea behind it was to gradually stop people smoking, but people seem to be more addicted to vapes than to cigarettes
Maybe it's just me, but I just don't understand why people feel the need to breath in something other than air.
Breathing in smoke is bad, shocker.
Breathing in chemicals is bad, shocker.
@@JargonMadjin cuz it's their body and their choice
@@Daxas44 Sure, if they want to poison themselves and screw up their lungs, that's their choice
@@Daxas44Yeah, it certainly is
I felt better when I switched from smoking to vaping and I found it easier to quit vaping than quit smoking. So nobody will ever be able to convince me that it's not a terrific option for quitting. Bit if someone is abusing it by inhaling large amounts or using it long term. For sure there would be problems.
My fav doc
I would like you to cover more about bones (broken bones, rehab, and those sorts of stuff).
I love this doctor
Can you do a video on lasik eye surgery? Or eyesight in general. Great content!
Anything in particular you’d like to know? Thank you for watching!
@@DoctorERLike can you improve your eyesight with something else? Pills or exercise for example. Is it a good to do lasik now or wait untill your older? Can everybody do the surgery?
@@Rockmirth unless you have some specific problem that is not related to myopia you can't do anything to fix your eyesight except surgery, your eye is deformed (wrong length), no medication can make your eye shrink with perfect precision.
hello doc always love your videos I been watching ur vids since a few months ago and as disgusting some facts are...I learn quite abit and I am happy for wat I learn
Glad you like them! And thanks for the support.
Well, I can say this: I was a 2-3 pack per day smoker for 20 years. I switched to vaping after I couldn't walk up a flight of stairs without getting short of breath. Fast forward 5 years later, I climbed the second tallest mountain in Nevada without issue. Now, 15 years since starting vaping, I am in the best health of my life. But I am also very discriminating on the products I buy, too.
If you don't mind me asking, what brands do you use?
Your are weak
@@CGLiz, mostly Naked and Titanic juice and a Uwell Valyrian III twin battery mod, with a Uwell Crown III tank and a triple coil.
That's some very impressive Vape Jargan Sir. I'll be googling all of that now, thank you 😉
@@itdobelikedattho8112, my 325lb bench press at 50-years-old would disagree with you. But thanks, anyway.
1:38 Speaking of which, my mom did have their wisdom teeth grow perfectly in line with her other teeth. This happened to me too!
I used to vomit before going into work at tim hortons on a daily basis, I didn't know what was wrong with me until I got a job that didn't make me want to unalive myself. I still feel nauseous from time to time when I'm stressed about something but never to the point of throwing up anymore
I still have all four wisdom teeth intact, all grew normally though one of them grew sideways.
But the doctor told me it's okay to keep since there's quite a gap between the sideaway tooth and the tooth next to it and it does not interfere or cause any pain.
I just have to be extra careful when eating to avoid food stuck in the gap and to be sure to brush the gap when brushing my teeth.
It's a bit of a hassle, but I'm quite used to it at this point.
Hello, I don't speak your language (I'm using Google translator :v) but I like your videos and thank you for uploading your videos with the Spanish dubbing, greetings from Costa Rica Doctor ER 🇨🇷
The last lecture in one of my classes this semester talked about ECT (It was a psychology class about Schizophrenia). It is really interesting. It is over 75% effective, but it is mostly reserved for patients who are treatment resistant. (it is extremely expensive and has a lot of adverse effects). How it works is by basically inducing a seizure while the patient is under anesthesia. It's like a "hard reset".
I had a wisdom tooth that came in horizontally and ended up rubbing that back off the tooth in front of it. It ended up getting infected and made me so sick that I couldn't even hold down water. The pain from it was the worst pain I have ever felt in my life. My pain tolerance it dangerously high. I broke a bone when I was a kid from landing wrong when I came off a bull and didn't know it for over a week. I ended up in the ER due to the sickness and pain several times.
It was pure hell.
Doctor, you are insane!! Thx!!
Vaping is definitely better than cigarettes, but still definitely not good for you. Nice to hear your thoughts on stuff I do research on
My left wisdom teeth were growing diagonally when i got them removed after a few days i had what felt like a sore throat, it was my jaw adjusting to the new freedom.
I've seen people explain that they don't wipe after going #2. That'd be a great one to cover.
Do a video on epilepsy and the crazy thoughts and feelings the medication causes
Last couple panic attacks I’ve had involved vomiting. Going on 6 months without having one!
Sorry to notice. I find the music distracting from the content. Love your vids. ❤
When I failed the exam, I had a nervous breakdown, which made me throw up very much... It's still unpleasant to remember...
Good work Jordon and please do the Flash tv show medical injuries.
That show is horrible though.
Suggestion: reacting to gorebox wounds please do this
I was vaping multiple times a day this past summer until October. Round October, I started to cough and experiencing some major chest pains come to find out from a buddy of mine who I gave my pen and cart to that it was something about that brand vector bee that caused chest pains. It didn’t exactly help that I tore a chest muscle from Jiujitsu around the same time.
this video was very interesting😯
Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you for watching!
I puke after work for years now, but doctors keep saying "It's you epilepsy medication causing stress" idk what to do
My anxiety and depression caused me diarrhea instead of vomiting. But I suppose that's basically the same in this scenario in that your body reacts to these conditions trying to tell you that something is horribly wrong and that you need to see a doctor.
hello, is it true that if you often crack your fingers, then your hands will hurt in old age?
The same question concerns the neck
Hello doctor, how is this great video? Today, I can recommend a video reacting to the series drawn together, thank you and greetings, Doctor.
Thanks for the idea! Any favorite scenes I should review?
I recommend you react to chapter 8 of season 2, that episode is good
I have scoliosis and my father has it too, so yes, I think it runs in families.
Yeah,our favorite doctor
Can you answer why in a car or plane, and I fall asleep, I have primal self made jump scare? Usually, from a dream of my final destination moments
1:58 Holy shit I have nystagmus thanks to an eye disease (which also makes me severely visually impaired) and I did NOT expect it to show up here.
In my experience, oftentimes I do notice when they move, but I’m used to it so it doesn’t affect me much. When I put more effort in trying to see something and tire my eyes out, they will start moving faster and more intensely. Same goes for when I spin around and then stand still again and I’m dizzy. It’s kinda cool.
Gran video!
Pregunta, es normal que mi cuerpo sea debil pese a que haga ejercicio? Es que sigo siendo delgado pese a comer mucho y cargar peso algo seguido o deberia ya consumir esos suplementos
As I recall the blood typing is based on the type of glycolipid contained by not just blood but pretty much all the cells in the body, hence why organ donors need to have compatible blood types. Basically if the glycolipid does not match or is not compatible, the immune system sees it as foreign and attacks it. Rh is kind of similar, but is a protein instead. Positive is the whole thing and can accept any rh factor, negative is partial and somewhat inactive and hence is compatible with positive, null is just completely absent and I am unfamiliar with compatibilities aside from it likely being a universal donor, and probably not accepting either of the others.
As someone who had to have their blood type changed with a marrow transplant, I can confirm that changing the blood type is possible, but it certainly wasn't a pleasant experience.
0:52 I had a case, my parents had a big fight, and after a couple of hours I was violently sick. (I apologize for the crooked English, I write with the help of a translator)
POV you dont vape:🗿
I once threw up from stress one day after earthquake in Croatia (2020, before almost 4 years).
I remember when i was in 9th grade, i was doing my exams, i was feeling pretty awfull, mostly because of nerves and all of that stuff, when i gwt nervious in that kind of situation, i start to feel dizzy and my chest and shoulders litreally start to feel like they are burning, then i beggan to cough constantly, thats when i asked the teacher if i could go to the bathroom, usually, teachers dont let students go to the bathroom during exams because they can cheat, but im sure the teacher saw my painfull gaze, and then gave me permisson, thats when i calmly went to the exit, but as soon i left the classroom, i ran the fast as i could the closest bathroom and started vomiting, it was horrible, and i dont want anyone to go trough that.
For those who are curious to reach 200 joules with electric eels, in total there are 167 to produce said charge.
The dentist let me keep my wisdom teeth. I think they're in a box somewhere
Hello doctor er, hey can you react medical lessons from episode 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 of the murder drones series?
Murder Drones reaction video might be dropping Friday. 🤫 Stay tuned!
ok thank
I suffer from extreme head sweating, apparently for no reason. Is there any surgery to end this suffering?
Thank you Dr
André
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
Doc you cool youtuber,
I love you channel
Have a nice viewing to everyone
It was interesting broo...
3:22 For the vaping question most of us are here for
6:22 Is when the headache question is for anybody wondering
I use vaping now to quit smoking entirely.I smoke 20 years and this way seems to be the easiest one. Month ago liquid that I used contained 3 mg of nicotine, now it's 1.5. In few weeks I will be start swichting between 1.5 to 0. Hopefuly I will finish this transition in 1-2 month... and after that I will have live without this addiction.
When I went to the hospital, I went because I was suffering from vertigo and then when the doctor checked my eyes, he noticed that I had nystagmus.
I would like to know why I get epileptic seizures? But I haven't been diagnosed with why I get them.
I've throwen up so much from stress 😂 especially when I was a child
Thank you for video. I have a question for you. Whe do tears release when I yawn?
I have a question.Every 2-3 days in my right ear I hear some weird popping sound,it feels like some something is shootting in my ear,its happening when I hear any type of sounds,left ear is 100%fine,I clean my ears with drops and my ears are cleaned all the time,Im so curious what is wrong?
I did puke out of stress once: when I was little, like 11 years old, i played on a wooden floor, and slided on it, got some splinters inside my stomach, told my family, whole crowd of people started freaking out, calling ambulance, i freaked out too and started puking.
But i got them out eventually!
Oh no, another handsome doctor becoming a youtuber
1:05 yes
Years ago i poked my nose so much that i started bleeding
Last question: now youre telling me?
1:38
To this day, I STILL have my Wisdom Teeth - ALL 4 of them. My teeth maybe crooked as heck, but I don't have any plans for removal of them.
Too expensive anyway.
As always, I learn something new
I've seen that the vape has begun to become famous, although it destroys your lungs much more!!! Question: Is it good to drink water at night? How many glasses of water is it advisable to drink?
Greetings!
Hello Dr. What dangers are there in removing foreign bodies from the digestive system such as needles that are in an operation?
What is the most important blood group when donating blood?
If I use more skin care cream than recommended, is it gonna heal faster or slower?
My eyes are twitching. This usually happens (as I have noticed) when I focus heavily on something, for example, trying to clearly and accurately outline the outline of an object. The eyes just twitch left and right very quickly for a couple of seconds, and then everything goes back to normal. What is it and what is it called?
0:49
En mi caso, creo que fue por el dolor que sentí cuando me destrocé el brazo tras una caída en bicicleta por un sendero de montaña...
As the smokers used to say (now they say "that is bad for you" like what they got) "you gotta die from something"
As far as vaping is concerned - I was a smoker for 26 years. I never inhaled deeply, and never developed a chronic cough, but I definitely experienced harmful effects from smoking in terms of lung capacity, and energy levels decreasing. I decided to switch to vaping instead, and the first thing I noticed after a while was that my lungs did begin to clear themselves of tar, and my lung capacity increased along with my energy levels. Do I think vaping is "safe"? Absolutely not. The very first thing you will experience going from smoking to vaping is that the vapor is very harsh on your throat, and it takes some time for that to go away. As far as not knowing what chemicals are in it, that is certainly true if you buy e-liquid made by someone else (i.e. a manufacturer). However, I make my own, so I know exactly what's in it. I use pharmaceutical grade vegetable glycerine (VG), propylene glycol (PG), flavors, and 3% of my solution is nicotine. Vegetable glycerine and propylene glycol are both commonly found in foods as preservatives. Of course, nicotine is a drug, and can't be considered "safe" (always wear gloves when handling nicotine as it can be absorbed through the skin, and can cause heart problems since you're dealing with concentrated nicotine, and it doesn't take much to cause a trip to the hospital). Another thing to consider is if you allow the cotton wick in your atomizer to run dry as you inhale. Breathing burnt cotton is inhaling carbon, and carbon monoxide, which is smoke. Not good for you. When the wick is wet, there is no smoke when you exhale, but a "cloud" of atomized liquid. Basically water vapor.
In summary, I know for a fact vaping isn't "good" for you. However, I also know for a fact it's better than smoking cigarettes in my case. After vaping now for 11 years, I am my own long-term study. I would never encourage, or suggest anyone begin vaping other than for those who would use it as a means to quit smoking cigarettes as it is a safer alternative. Not "safe", but "safer". Also do keep in mind that if you are buying e-liquid that is pre-made, you really don't know what's in it. If you're vaping to quit smoking, learn how to make your own liquids. It's much less expensive to mix it yourself anyway, and you can get some enjoyment in the experimentation process of making your own flavors as well. If you're not meticulous and good with ratios though, you'll need some practice before you make a liquid that you're satisfied with, and definitely do not go hardcore with the nicotine. Seriously, I can't stress enough how dangerous concentrated nicotine is at high levels. There are videos that show proper ratios so you don't give yourself a heart attack. A 3% nicotine level is just enough to add a little kick to bring out the flavors better, and is well below the level of nicotine in a cigarette, or nicotine skin patches. Honestly, you don't have to even use nicotine at all, but I know that won't cut it for many smokers looking to try something else. Finally, I'm not trying to give medical advice. I'm just relating my own experience, and as each of us is our own chemical factory biosphere, each of us may have different results.
doc and you can also remove the destination there are terribly realistic injuries
Спасибо мистер доктор 😊
Hello Dr. Jordan Wagner, the series "Fallout" was recently released. I would recommend that you watch it because there are a lot of medical scenes that you would probably like
U're here for this 3:21
Why I never remember my dreams? The only dream that I had was a nightmare and it happened when I was in the kindergarten. I had the same dream a few times but since then I never had any dreams.
I can vibrate my eyes. It tends to freak people out. When and where I got that ability, I have no clue.
Hello I may be shaking The pupil and if you move it faster, it will seem to give you an electric shock, is it dangerous?
hey Doc. I have a pain in my middle cerebellar peduncles for like 2 years now. So I went to a neurologist and they did Magnetic resonance imaging and the results were good so what could cause that pain?
Yes