Dark Energy & The Big Rip - Sixty Symbols
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- čas přidán 2. 06. 2024
- Third in our "trilogy" of extended interviews with Professor Ed Copeland.
See them all at: bit.ly/CopelandGoesLong
Visit our website at www.sixtysymbols.com/
We're on Facebook at / sixtysymbols
And Twitter at #!/periodicvideos
This project features scientists from The University of Nottingham
www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/i...
Sixty Symbols videos by Brady Haran
A run-down of Brady's channels: bit.ly/bradychannels - Věda a technologie
"Smooth Tension" sounds like a contemporary jazz ensemble.
Andrew Rose Or a healthy bowel movement
Andrew Rose LOLOL, I was going to comment the same thing! Spyro Gyra, Weather Report, introducing Smooth Tension.
Andrew Rose Haha i was actually thinking something along these lines
A Tom Waits said in an Option magazine interview..."Jazz started wearing nylon socks. Eventually it was out by the pool."
Reminded me of Liquid Tension Experiment, a project Petrucci took part in.
These were great interviews. Now, after 6 years, I would love to hear an update on the Professor's experiments. :D
Same
+1
Seconded
Hear hear
Probably failed
24:30
"Gravity sucks"
- Professor Ed Copeland, 2014
I'd say that it's quite attractive
Caldrago Why thank you very much to notice! I appreciate that. Although I'm married (and probably BECAUSE I am married) I am happy to hear this! Thank you!
"69 likes"
I can't ruin this.
It's too perfect.
this hateful. quantum mechanics theories. We should alert the Southern Poverty Law Center
Dark energy blows.
I love how calm and collected Professor Copeland is. I could listen to him talk about this stuff all day.
A S M R on a cosmological scale
You'd be pretty chill about life too if you had tenure. ;)
It's Michael - he just doing beat poetry with some ‘scientific’ terms.
He must despise his audience for buying into that word salad.
That guy didn’t even have a handful of so called ‘space’ in front of him.
His talk of ‘tens of millions of light years away’ will make just about any engineer laugh! ;-)
I see a long nose... Pinocchio comes to mind ;-)
@@ReformedWhiteKnight classic engineer boomer
Reggie - Not clear whether your comment was addressed to me, but what is a ‘classic engineer ... boomer?’
You sound like people should be familiar with that term, but I clearly am not ;-)
Ed should put out a line of mugs w/ sayings: "I like my coffee like I like my energy: smooth & dark." for starters.
-"Is there a Doctor on the plane❔" 😮
"The forces which bind us together are more powerful than the dark energy that's trying to pull us apart"
Lol, he sounded like Yoda for a second there :P
This is the exact type of thing I like seeing on this channel
ditto
Take up a BSc in astrophysics. that's what you'll hear every week for 3 years.
Thankfully I have these guys for that instead so I can save the trouble and stick to my comfy accounting major. Haha
@@BadKnightLv01 yep this is much better, u can just pretend like u understand it, but u dont have to rly understand it :D
@leicanoct In many ways. But just like investigating the aether eventually led to relativity, who knows where research into dark matter will go.
Sixty symbols, one of the best channels on CZcams
And still is 🤙
When I type in Professor Ed and then type a space, this bro is the first guy to come up. That's how baller he is. Real talk.
WELL SAID, BRUH
More likely that's how baller google is at predicting what to show you...
24:47 "Just because you put on a bit of weight over the last few months and you've grown, you can't put it down to the accelerating universe"
Thanks, Professor Ed for the gym inspiration I needed
I'm working overnight at home on forced quarantine, all alone and really quiet, listening to this soothing video... so peaceful! little moments of joy. I'm loving it
They locked you up for nothing.. So peaceful..
I love this guy's voice, he's so calm sounding. Makes all this complex stuff sound less intimidating.
"You've been ripped by,
You've ben pushed by,
A Smooth Tension
Tuturutururutu, tururutu, tururutu..."
Rip in pieces
Big RIP
Thank you prof. Ed and Brady. I have no words to say how thankful I am for these videos. I was waiting for the last one of this series anxiously! Thank you very much!
you're welcome
+Sixty Symbols
Brilliant! Thanks. I shall tax dark energy asap!
Destroyer_of_all_worlds
Prove it.
+The Kaiser prove he is
Watch The World Burn That's not the point.
I love how science and scientists are usually so open to all kinds of different explanations and theories. Ed here for example said he's working/worked on all three popular possible explanations for dark energy. Which isn't to say that science is open to "anything" mind you, it has to be a well defined consistent theory.
Well, "openmindedness" sure is prerequisite for a string theoretician, yet I wonder if that's true for scientists in general.
I too appreciated that he went into alternate theories, until one is proven true we continue to accept each as a possibility. The universe accelerating is based on our understanding of the speed of light and the critical mass of a star that goes supernova. Unfortunately there are some assumptions mixed in there yes they are also based in some significant empirical data but we simply cannot know for sure that our galaxies and the way stars react in it is the same in all galaxies. These are well justified assumptions but if light travels through really long distances differently then we currently have reason to believe then there isn't any dark matter and the universe isn't expanding and ... we're chasing a ghost of our own making. but until we can devise an experiment that contradicts the current evidence we have to move forward with the data we have and continue to look for the force of expansion.
Locut0s Scientists are open to anything plausible and not disprovable (more the latter than the former)
Fascinating subject, thank you Pr. Ed Copeland & Brady for putting this interview out, it is of a rare quality.
I feel privileged
24:55 roasted
BRUTAL
It's lovely to have a true physics expert who is so enthusiastic about his subject.
As I watch these videos, I get a tad frustrated because I get stuck and can't follow seamlessly a segment, then all of a sudden he pulls me in by explaining in a way I can understand! What a great feeling to grasp even a small part of the puzzle!
DUST!!! Finally, I heard someone define what is meant by dust. I've been waiting for this definition for a very long time. Thank you, Professor Copeland.
Probing Ewoks? That was a Star Wars film I didn't see.
I saw it. I am currently in therapy dealing with it.
What an awesome field of science to be an expert in, must feel a beautiful thing to be alive in the mind of Ed Copeland
That moment that the professor is exited in his explanation and smiles but while doing so realises that most people don't quitte get what he means and therefore he then revokes his smile :'-)
Dr. Copeland and Brady make a rare team. I've watched every one of these and I beseech you to make more! Actually, with every member of the Sixty Symbols, and Periodic Videos and Numberphile teams!
Short version: Don't panic. The universe is probably just going through a phase.
Yeah, the teen years for a universe is no less chaotic then that of a human. It's just a growth spurt.
there is a big rip coming, but it's just the pants
Don't panic. It's all made up BS anyway.
Wasn't Smooth Tension a Kenny G album?
Whenever I feel a bit depressed, after hard day at work etc, Prof. Copeland's videos are the ones I go to. Physics and astronomy aside, there's something therapeutical about the way he talks.
Just because you put on weight, you can not put it down on the accelerating universe :) :)
Headshot! 24:45
Fatality!!
I howled
Are you doing a video on the BICEP2 result?
I'm interested in this too. The results, if repeated/backed up, are one of the biggest breakthroughs in cosmology in decades!! It's a perfect topic for 60 symbols. My guess is Brady is on it though :P
They must be, but it takes time.
Great timing in the light of the fact that Brady just did a similar one-on-one video with Prof. Copeland about inflation.
Cawfee Dawgg I find that slightly improbable, as this is a popular science channel, not the Nobel committee. Brady has mostly taken the perspective of "Ok this (fair enough, purported) discovery hit the news, can you explain what the results of this research actually mean?". They even did a video on the faster than light-neutrino anomaly a few years back, with the specific intent to communicate the improbability that the results would hold up to scrutiny.
Dude, it's not like I can help it :D
19:01 "So it's just Kind of this Insidious thing that's everywhere that's just making it get bigger."
:O Dark Energy is McDonalds! Quick someone tell the astrophysicist!
I really admire Professor Copeland's ability to describe such complex ideas in way that allows me to understand them (a bit, at least). I could happily listen to him for hours on end. Makes me wish I'd taken far more physics classes when I had the chance.
Brady, you are an insane journalist. You can stay focused on things like this and not only that, ask coherant and interesting questions. You're truely a gift to the world
Smooth Tension.
Stealing this for a band name :P haha
Lol, looks like if you shoot for the moon you WON'T land amongst the stars, since the space between us and those same stars is expanding faster than a speeding bullet.
That's right kids, if you shoot for the moon you'll die a cold, lonely death in the unforgiving, hellish vacuum of space.
kenyamoja
after a night with friends talking about their odd convictions (light is alive and have conscience, dark matter is empty space between atom's nuclei and electrons around, life after death end resurrection) i have to thank you really hard for these 30 minutes of peace.
I will have to watch this video at least five more times to understand what he is saying. Great video. Brady, you are making an amazing contribution to science, heating up curiosity among general public. Good job!
this was absolutely EXCELLENT!!! what a great video!
Wonderful questions and understandable answers. Thankyou guys,
I've been coming back to these every year or so and I gotta say I learn more every time. I'd love to see an update on how things are, since it was a few years now!
To me, dark matter and dark energy sound like the same thing: Something between galaxies, that is 'pushing' on the galaxies.
- It pushes a galaxy together, seen as dark matter.
- It pushes galaxies apart, seen as dark energy.
(oh, and I don't think either was properly observed on smaller scales...)
- Maybe _very empty_ space has 'negative gravity' and effectively pushes matter away from itself.
Wow. That was deep and complicated.
I'm in some bad back pain, this took my mind off it for a while, thank you!
I have so many questions about dark energy and dark matter, this has been one of the best videos for me that you have put out :)
Such a calming and soothing voice! It makes great lullaby, while still teaching.
Yet another incredibly interesting interview. Thank you so much for taking the time to make these.
I can listen to him ALL DAY
Excellent video, watched the whole thing n loved it.
Great work, Brady & Prof. Copeland!
Love how in depth this is! Great job
Question: If galaxies further away appear to be moving away faster. doesn't that mean that longer ago it was moving away faster and expansion is actually slowing down?
Question 2: Why should the pressure come from inside the known universe? It can also be a pulling pressure from outside the known universe.
24:48 no chill
Ethan Moyer "thanks ed"
Fabulous trilogy. The most erudite explanation I have ever seen of such complex matters. Was it Einstein or Arthur C Clarke who said the the universe is not only strange. Its stranger than you can imagine.
Thank you so much for these video's Brady.
I'm a computer science major, but physic's like this is something I'm truly passionate about and I don't think I would have any other good source for supremely intelligent conversation or explanations on the topic if it wasn't for you and your videos.
Wait so your town is called Computer Science? Or are you pushing for more public computer science programs in your town? Or are you part of the Computer Science Party? Or do you simply mean that you play Sim City?
Few things make my morning like a new 34 minute Sixty Symbols video.
What a privilege to hear cutting edge theory from this great mind
I love the long form interviews. Keep them coming.
These videos on the extended Ed Copeland interviews are great!
24:48 S A V A G E
Isn't gravitational influence decreasing inversely proportional to the distance squared, according to our current understanding? What if it isn't as "clear cut" and instead of decreasing asymptotically towards 0, goes negative into repulsion over extreme distances?
Well. I have no idea what I'm talking about tbh. but it sounds somewhat strange to me that unlike all other elemental forces, gravity has no counterpart...
Amazing video/interview. This really is fascinating, thank you!
Love these long-form interviews!
17:20 Did, did he just suggest that we might literally end up with a negative space wedgie?
"Space between the galaxies is stretching"
That's the question, though. Is it stretching, or is it growing? If it was stretching, the dark energy density should be dropping. Since it does not appear to be dropping, perhaps space is growing in tiny discrete cells.
mountainhobo my thoughts exactly. I think it has something to do with positive, negative and variable temperature of matter. The universe to me is unquestionably growing like a mushroom. The properties of the difference in temperature of all matter gives the different properties that both push and pull opposite matters. Likewise variable temperature matter seems to not necessarily effect anything. However it can under extreme circumstances causing black holes and generally will eventually have an opposite reaction on the far side of the temperature scale when it reaches a certain point. There can only be an unimaginable flux in matter, temperature and energies. All depending on the amount of time taken to eventually have this reaction while the amount of positive or negative temperatures of mass impacts the size of a reaction and the masses in of the reaction will always become proportional to the time, matter and energy either positive or negative temperature types(universe/black hole). Generally we are in an extremely well balanced system that both creates and in a sense destroys the known spectrum of energy. But Nothing is really ever lost or gained on any level.
Brady has been producing many high quality videos in his channels lately, keep up the good work! Love it.
Really like these long form videos, especially for difficult subjects.
From what I understood, dark energy's effect is negligible in areas with high matter density, and weaker in areas where there is less matter. During the Big Bang, was it, at first, immensely dense? If it was, does that explain why dark energy was weak at first, but then, as maybe matter became more spread out due to its momentum, dark energy became strong again with greater influence?
oh, okay, thanks.
Vishal Patel thanks bro :)
Vishal Patel I came simple wikipedia too.
Aw. He was so excited to get his cup. :( Someday I want to see the cup.
Fascinating video & brilliantly explained. I can't believe I actually understood most of that. I'm sure they'll crack it in the end. I hope I'm still alive when they do.
Ed's quite good at explaining things. I really enjoy these videos, as well as the numberphile vids. Full props to Brady!
I love Big Rip Theory! Anyone interested in this subject should read Arthur C. Clarke & Stephen Baxter's 'The Time Odyssey' series (3 books) as it's a central theme :)
Really? It's pretty much the worst fate of the universe that I can imagine.
It's a great theory, and a really intriguing topic to think about. At a finite time in the future the scale of all matter will become infinite!
Yeah, but the heat death you can kinda fight for a while, the Big Bounce at least has a nice infinite rebirth cycle thing going for it ... but the Big Rip? There's absolutely nothing anybody will be able to buy them time and it's ultimate.
Well y'know I don't think I'm gonna be around for that long xD so it's nice to view as a concept. I mean every creature's gotta die sometime, most of the ones in our galaxy will live & die in events unrelated to the death of the Universe, and it's hard to really relate to what we and all the other aliens will have evolved into by then. Perhaps we'll be 'memories preserved in frozen lattices of light' as Clarke puts it. Although when I say we...I guess I mean...them? :D
If dark energy rips everything apart in 'the end' aka far far future, isn't that in contradiction to the strong nuclear force? If a proton gets riped appart it would produce an endless stream of quarks which would produce new particles and high amounts of gluons. That would surely either bring the big rip to a halt, if the dark energy would not be high enough to overcome the strong force, or create endless amounts of mass that may cancel out the force of dark energy. Sadly I am not able to do the math for this anymore.
Why would a proton contain an infinite number of quarks?
Yeah I think he is saying in more simplistic terms that the dark energy will gradually overwhelm all other forces as matter begins to dissipate.
Quote from the official paper (about what happens when the nucleons themselves are torn apart): "In all likelihood, some new physics (e.g., spontaneous particle production or extra-dimensional, string, and/or quantum-gravity effects) may kick in before the ultimate singularity, [...]". In other words they don't really know what happens then.
Official paper: arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0302506
Because everything will eventually reach light speed due to the influence of dark energy, doesn't that make it impossible for any type of matter to exist? Not even the strong nuclear force would be able to withstand light speed I think.
I know very little about the subject though.
Ok, here's what I don't get...if the universe is flat, then how can we be 3D? There are stars and galaxies in EVERY direction, ANY angle you can point include 360 degrees and there's galaxies, stars, gas....basically matter is existent everywhere! I'm not well read on this subject!
Inspiring. Thanks Brady.
I can listen this man for hours. Great job Brady.
just from this video i thought maybe the universe is conical in shape and everything in on the curved face of the cone and so it has a tendency to accelerate down from the tip (where the big bang happened while also spreading away from everything else as it gets wider towards the base , in this thought gravity would still have effects on other close things and would bend the face of the cone as in einstein's theory. thats what i got from this video , im probably completely wrong but i always think up things like this trying to think outside the box and maybe one day i might be right
I thought about the exact same thing... makes sense right?
"conical" jets emerge from the most some of the most energetic phenomena yet observed.
***** yeah i think so
they emerge from supermassive black holes at the center of active galaxies. active galactic nuclei. fun stuff!
But theres a force causing the universe to accelerate, thats the problem, we don't know what the force is. Its not about things moving away from each other or tendencies of moving objects, its some force acting upon everything to accelerate the expansion of the universe, i.e. some force in the opposite direction but of greater magnitude than the attractive forces in the universe.
Einsteins theories didn't work on the small scale, it is entirely possible they also do not work on the very very large. I am a very skeptical person, but seeing how the physics we experience on the macro scale emerge out of the alien world of quantum physics, really makes such ideas plausible, that a different physical model emerges out of Einsteins' model of general relativity.
Eventually, i do feel that even the physics of the incredibly vast will be able to explained all the way down to the perspective of quantum physics, but honestly, the scientists cannot and will not wait that long, and I totally understand if a new field of physics will need to be created in the meantime :)
I would be perfectly happy with 3 separate physical models, as long as they solve problems and answer questions. I have no hope that all models will be united in a singular model before my death however. It is simply too hard of a question with too much incomplete data.
If you had a fish that was as smart as Einstein, but lived all his life at the bottom of the ocean, and you asked it to draw the picture of the earth, could you imagine what he would draw? It would be so utterly wrong, even if incredibly clever, because the fish was missing too much information to possibly happen to imagine such a thing as the earth as it is. And this is the disadvantage I feel we are in when trying to model the universe.
We'd have to leave the local group? lol
Thank you Brady and to professor Ed Copeland for making this incredibly insightful video!
Thank you for this video. Really enjoyed this series.I hope the stats on there are good because I'd definitely like to see more like this.
Good work Brady!
I'm a bit confused about how dark energy could pull apart a gravitationally bound object (like a galaxy). Unless dark energy is increasing but I thought dark energy was either constant or decreasing and that it's only increasing relative to the pull of everything else because unlike matter/dark matter/radiation it's not being diluted by the expansion. So I can understand how other galaxies will eventual be accelerated out of view but within a gravitationally bound object the push of dark energy is surely constant. Right?
Gravitationally bound systems may stay gravitationally bound if there is *not* a big rip.
What does 'down the gym' mean?
Gin? He's a fan of gin? Idk I thought I heard gym at first too
it means "down at the gym"
Really been enjoying these longer format videos, thank you!
Awesome questions and great explanations for a mind-blowing topic! Thanks Prof Copeland and Brady!
Lol @ 24:50
"gravity sucks" that's what I got from it
Finally! I've been waiting for this one for a while now, thanks for the great stuff you put out.
Watching this trilogy felt like an actual privilege. Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us.
Bacon.
indeed, dark energy is actually bacon - only question remains: what is it's sauce made of? Is it gravy, cream sauce or something more exotic?
Hang on. maybe i'm oversimplifying. but if time flows differently in the presence of matter. i.e planets, blackholes etc. then we are looking at the gapes between galaxies in our slightly slower time reference frame in our galaxy. in free and open space, that is space between galaxies between galactic filaments. time would be passing faster at it's true natural flow rate. which also effects the speed of events unfolding in the reference frame which is driving the galaxy acceleration. I don't know how to do the math for this, i'm terrible at math.
Gravitational dilation of time is a thing, but we are talking about a uniform effect that is smooth and reaching every corner of our observable universe. Not just the difference of time in large gravitational fields.
At 31:00 The single photon in a box example was right-on. Very clear concept. That helped tie the whole video together, along with the tapering hand gestures. Thanks for the video, Brady.
3:07 "By recent past btw I mean within the past 7 billion years or so"
This killed me laughing!
What if the universe isn't expanding, but just spinning? And this "dark energy" is just the normal acceleration, which is why it's got uniform density?
Sebastian Meid how can the universe spin if its flat, also the universe is thought to be infinite, its not like a planet. The universe is expanding, Edwin Hubble discovered it in 1929
I'm not sure how to address your comment.
Sebastian Meid ??
Tyler Brown that was the most comprehensive and intuitive explanation of the phenomenon anyone has given me so far. Thanks!
That seems to make real sense to me better than this dark energy caper
"Dark energy" is a bad name, since once we can detect it, it's no longer dark.
The scientific use of the term "universe" to refer to the small part of reality we can see is yet another very bad use of language.
I've been waiting for this, thanks Brady and Ed
Mr Haran & Professor Ed Copeland, thanks a lot. I really loved this video.
Since Dark energy and dark matter as well has never been proven to exist outside of mathematics, isn't studying the source of those things akin to studying the source of fairies or leprechauns?
Please point me to your source that proves dark matter/dark energy exist.
My point is that when we observe something and decide that it must be because this or that exists we then risk falling into the my theory is fact fallacy. I have no problem with the theory of dark matter/dark energy. What I have a problem with is ideas becoming so fashionable that opposing ideas are summarily rejected and their proponents ostracized. Look to the climate change debate for an example of this.
XCyclonusX You speak as if choosing pet theories is a global standard... it isn't.
XCyclonusX the thing is, in physisics some advancements are made mathematically, where you start with what you know and try to derive the implications from that. You then try to prove what the math is telling you through observation.
Likewise, theories that incompatible with what we know can be safely discarded, while theories incompatible with other theories just can't be incorporated into them.
Just because you can't observe something doesn't mean it doesn't exist, and if you can understand the origin of these unobservable things, you might just get a beter grasp of what makes the universe tick
Pedro Gusmão "Just because you can't observe something doesn't mean it doesn't exist." welcome to the camp of Intelligent Design.
I'm sorry but as interesting as the subject is and as much as I appreciate the 30min contribution to help spread this knowledge, I get tired and bored of watching the video because it's essencially a radio show with image. As I see it there are two options here: if you're going to use image, make it dynamic, envolving and interesting (you don't see many television shows with 1 shot, do you?) or don't use image at all and host a podcast or something similar. Please take this as constructive criticism. Cheers!
Couple things: It's not a tv show and they probably do not have time for any extra hassle. And the information content is interesting enough not to get bored, at least speaking for myself. There's always the option of just letting it run and just listen while you do something else if that's what you want. But I get where you're coming from and would like to see it being more "entertaining"(in lack of a better word) too. Just don't really expect anything more from these guys, they're already doing a good job in my eyes.
I do agree, but no matter how hard you try you can never draw a hyper-cube on paper. I don't think there are any images that would help. That's why generic terms like DE and DM, who's inadequacies are displayed above, exist at all.
Michael Bay have trained you well.
scuzzlebutt! he's real~महान माइकल बे के अनुसार, आप सभी चीजों की एक मास्टर हैं menurut michael bay besar, Anda adalah seorang master dari segala sesuatu
makes it easier to understand what he's saying and to follow the speaker with his hand movements and so on. It would be harder to listen to without it. I wouldn't like this to become another discovery channel cheap show focusing on movie stunts. This has to be just that. Simple.
Always such a pleasure listening to Professor Copeland.
Very interesting. I love these long interviews :)
My guess is that the 97% won't be found as there is nothing to be found and we have misunderstood something important.
Your guess is wrong.
At 15:11 he said "The data suggests..." but he should have said "the data suggest" to maintain subject verb agreement because "data" is plural. Unsubbed for lack of grammar.
+Menacing Banjo data can be plural or singular, takes two seconds to find that out, try harder pls
I suppose you could say the sea is plural. Or the skin. but you'd find yourself adding the s on suggest for them too.
Ed's becoming one of my favorite humans to learn from. The chill is real with Ed.
An ace video as always, sixty symbols! Very entertaining and informative!