I was stationed at NAS Norfolk 79-86. The same E-2 squadrons are still there now. Of course all new hangars. I was in the HSL helicopter community old green hangars that were in the area the new E-2 hangars are at now.
My Dad delivered the 1st E-2 to the Kittyhawk in the 60's. Was the squadron commander and made sure all of his guys became Centurions during the cruise.
I grew up in. Bethpage, long island. Home to Grumman who designed and built the F14, E-2C, even the LEM that put our men on the moon and safely back.. I lived 2 blocks from the end of the runway. I used to wave to the pilots when they landed as I could see them VERY clearly as the landed. A LOT of people on Long Island were very proud of Grumman. It was a tight family company. Now they are gone off long island, runway plowed up and now housing is there. Sooooo sad that piece of history is gone. Fairchild aircraft who made the A-10 was the next town over, they are gone as well, but the airport that was part of the plant is now known as Republic airport in Farmingdale. LI has a strong aviation and radar manufacturing all gone. In fact, Charles Lindbergh took off from Long Island on his historic flight
Brings back memories - Aircrew school candidate and graduate, NAS Pensacola Florida - Spring 1984. We have four VAW squadrons of E-2 Hawkeyes where I work......
If you are on a CV, and you have 80-100 aircraft to fulfill your mission, you have E-2Cs which perform the AC&W mission, and can launch and recover strike aircraft totally in EMCON (no radio/radar emissions), the potential survivability of the CV is significantly improved simply because the E-2C is there. It’s been a growth platform built by Northrup-Grumman and with technology improvements to improve its overall mission effectiveness-and I’m a Prowler guy with 42 years of strike aircraft support experience!
It's not quite the same, but I have 2500 hours in the EC-121, the Air Force's version of the Navy's WV-121. The mission similarities of the COC were close enough to make me remember 12-16 hour flights from Southeast Asia to the North Atlantic to the coast of Cuba.
This aircraft would've been invaluable to the British during the Falklands conflict. The Argentinians managed to sneak a few aircraft bearing Exocet missiles and do some damage to the Royal Navy. The Hawkeye would've been sounding the alarm the second those aircraft lifted off the runway and had Tomcats vectored in seconds.........
@@joshsheff7189 No the Iron Lady was offered up to two Nimitz Class Carriers with their Air Wings on a Phone call With the President....the transcripts exist along with the memoirs of six plus high administration official, including the Secretary of State. See also the Iron Lady's own interviews after she left office. Even ABC News Show NIGHTLINE reported THE offer, unless you consider them FAKE News !!!!!!
Used to tear down and build up their propellars in the AIMD prop shop. We hated those props. Too many ball bearings, takes too much time to fix, could'nt wait to get them out the of shop. I enjoyed working on the big 54H60-77 props, of course, because they flew on the mighty and awesome P-3 Orion. Long live the P-3 family and VP-5.
@lilice1907 The E-2 in various versions has been around for a while, but it does get continual upgrades. The Air Force E-3 AWACS obviously has the advantage of a larger airframe to put more people and equipment on it, but the E-2's carrier capability makes it a valuable asset in a carrier strike group.
Capt Watkins is now Commodore. The Sun Kings are at Pt Mugu. VAW 120 was also known as RVAW 120 training squadron; East coast version of VAW-110 Firebirds. Visit us at web (VAW-VRCreadyroom ) as well as Facebook (VAW-VRC Foundation). If you are still in San Diego we have a ready room aboard the Midway museum.
I was stationed at VAW-116 NAS MIRAMAR from 1992 thru1996 Power Plants Division. I was surprised after all these years to see CDR TODD WATKINS, to be the X.O. of VAW-120. There was no such squadron when i was in. He was a young LT WATKINS just getting started. Long Live the SUNKINGS.
I know what you mean worked at AIMD MIRAMAR both in prop shop and test cell. I always hated working prop shop. I Could not imagine the tear down and build up now. I bet you new a few people i know to.
1983-1994 I was an Operation Specialist in the Navy so this story really caught my attention. I use to work with the E2 on a daily as a Track Supervisor/ Force Track Coordinator in the Combat Information Center (CIC) on board the ship. This story was a waste of time due to the classification of the mission. Believe me it's more to it. "All unit this is Foxtrot Tango, stand by...... Alpha Alpha in the air".
When I was stationed in Naval Air Station Norfolk Virginia a woman called the air station telling them that a UFO had captured one of the Navy aircraft. It was apparently her first time seeing this aircraft
My father flew the first E2 out to the Kittyhawk back in the 60's and was the first squadron commander. In his final cruise report, he made a suggestion to arm the E2 with Sidewinders. They actually tested this at Pt Mugu. The test was a failure for a few reasons. Not to mention the guys in the back Sh@tting their flight suits with the hard G turn required :)
Whoops, I started speaking of one thing, how valuable the Hawkeye aircraft would've been to the British during the Falklands war, then completely off the rails and started thinking how an American carrier battle group would've reacted to any threat posed by the Argentinian air force in mid sentence. Which obviously made for an incoherent statement. Sorry, my bad.
@HawkeyeNFO117 - Sorry for having been a naughty boy with the sharks. Of course a hard job! I have had the chance go inside a Hercules C-130 in 2009, and approach F-16/F/A-18/F-15 last year in Farnborough. Visit a Hawkeye would of course be great. I would accept a blindfold to avoid a too deep vision. I didn't know for the video rental at You Tube. I will try. Thank you.
10011 is correct, but the navy should be trying to get as much of this functionality as possible into a UAV now just to get the ball rolling. A UAV doing half the job, that could stay on station for a day or more, would be very handy.
People are fascinated w/ the UAV concept, but they are not at familiar w/ it's limitations.....'and like you said "for now". However, people who never were in combat aviation have absolutely no clue to the importance of real "eyes in the sky". This is, and will remain for the foreseeable future one of the most important elements in dominating an airspace which ultimately allows for domination of the battlefield. UAV's have an important job to fill, but "pilots" in bunkers many miles away controlling light aircraft is not a weapon that has the ability to decide the outcome of a battle in a real hot zone. While it is possible in the distant future, the "computer-smartphone" generation looks at everything not entirely based in reality. Just my opinion.
I don't disagree, but if you can produce a UAV that can do 50% of what a manned aircraft can do today, the next generation will be 60 or 70% and so on. Look at the maturation of military aircraft in the 1930s and early 1940s and replace manned aircraft with UAVs. An AWACs type UAV that can do 70% of what a Hawkeye can do flying off an LHA is a game changer.
UAVs fill a completely different role, optically scanning the ground and returning information via systems like ROVER. When commanding a UAV, you have nothing like the field of view or situational awareness that comes with being in an aircraft, and there is no way that current technology would allow the amount of data collected by the AN/APS-145 to be read on the ground in real time. Not only that, but a UAV of the necessary size is many years away. AEW&C is and will continue to be very valuable
GOOD kendaraan namanya situhan dan kebesaran dan kebesaran ALLAH dalam badai memberikan berkat dari dia untuk dia tetapi tidak masuk kedalam sesuatu yang najis atau dusta berkali-kali tetapi hanya mereka yang masuk ke dalam kitab kehidupan anak domba
What he means is that the E2 is obsolete, UAV's are the future of surveillance, right now carrier borne UAV's are being built, why not make an E2 UAV that requires 0 crew. Programmable flight path and altitude to circle the carrier for 24 hours, pilot takes controls to land it and launch it, the rest is automated. You turn a bunch of crews for each E2 to 3 or 4 UAV pilots. Upgrading the E2's even in 2010 is a waste of money, their is no cold war or great threat, they can wait for the UAV's.
Interesting comments do not nearly explain the complexity of the Haweye total Combat Command and Control mission and well as her peacetime emergency value.
' the northrop grumman E-2 / E-2C / E2-C hawkeye plane is a wrong design on the twin propeller spins... send back return to the company and fix it right design on the twin propeller motors... better do it now before too late and no sorry
Do you mean that both props rotate the same direction? That's on purpose, as it means less spare engines are needed onboard a carrier. The extra rudder on the tail helps keep it straight.
"Most of what goes on back here is classified, and we are limited as to what we can show you." Cut the cloak and dagger BS, everything this plane does was pretty much summed up in a nutshell in this five minute news segment.
+Mista Butterworth True, everything this aircraft does, within a broad scope and big picture, was shown in five minutes. Most people who know of this aircraft know what it does. What's classified is the exact equipment and the intricacies of how that equipment works.
No it's not. This mission has changed in obvious fundamental ways, but our God damn Brass Hats have their thumbs in their mouths and their other ones jammed up their asses playing Switch. Officers have become bureaucrats, in a uniform. It's hollow.
They have 3 NFO's onboard those things these days...? I knew they did away with the IFT's about 15 years ago, but I didn't think they replaced them with NFO's... What a waste... Just to create more officer billets... Exactly what they need, more worthless idiots breaking equipment, that aren't even pilots, drawing a huge pay check and walking around acting like they land F-14's on a carrier at night, even though they will never pilot anything other than possibly a Hyundai.
@@JustinJaybrown neither the Japanese or Germans had the capability of reaching ours (except U boats. We had the benefit of two oceans on our boarders and two years to prepare for war. Russia, France and British didn’t.
I was stationed at NAS Norfolk 79-86. The same E-2 squadrons are still there now. Of course all new hangars. I was in the HSL helicopter community old green hangars that were in the area the new E-2 hangars are at now.
I was Aircrew in VAW-112 '85 - '89...would love to be in current model...many memories!
My Dad delivered the 1st E-2 to the Kittyhawk in the 60's. Was the squadron commander and made sure all of his guys became Centurions during the cruise.
I grew up in. Bethpage, long island. Home to Grumman who designed and built the F14, E-2C, even the LEM that put our men on the moon and safely back.. I lived 2 blocks from the end of the runway. I used to wave to the pilots when they landed as I could see them VERY clearly as the landed. A LOT of people on Long Island were very proud of Grumman. It was a tight family company. Now they are gone off long island, runway plowed up and now housing is there. Sooooo sad that piece of history is gone. Fairchild aircraft who made the A-10 was the next town over, they are gone as well, but the airport that was part of the plant is now known as Republic airport in Farmingdale.
LI has a strong aviation and radar manufacturing all gone. In fact, Charles Lindbergh took off from Long Island on his historic flight
Grumman have produced some
Spiteful aircraft.
Love em all.
All navy pilots are "Top" Guns.
Superb.
Brings back memories - Aircrew school candidate and graduate, NAS Pensacola Florida - Spring 1984.
We have four VAW squadrons of E-2 Hawkeyes where I work......
If you are on a CV, and you have 80-100 aircraft to fulfill your mission, you have E-2Cs which perform the AC&W mission, and can launch and recover strike aircraft totally in EMCON (no radio/radar emissions), the potential survivability of the CV is significantly improved simply because the E-2C is there. It’s been a growth platform built by Northrup-Grumman and with technology improvements to improve its overall mission effectiveness-and I’m a Prowler guy with 42 years of strike aircraft support experience!
They have the E-2D now. And some newly modified with an inflight refueling probe.
I had a lot of 4+ hour flights in the B and C models. That refueling probe's gonna make those seem like short hops.
Always thought the E-2 was such a graceful looking aircraft. Slender fuselage with those long wings, beautiful design.
I think you have the U-2 Dragon Lady confused with the E-2C.
@@hifinsword definitely not
Nice to see my squadron Griffin on the side of the E-2. I flew in E-1Bs from that same squadron in the 60s.
That was a pretty good introductory-level video.
It's not quite the same, but I have 2500 hours in the EC-121, the Air Force's version of the Navy's WV-121. The mission similarities of the COC were close enough to make me remember 12-16 hour flights from Southeast Asia to the North Atlantic to the coast of Cuba.
She's consistently received upgrades since 1964 and is unparalleled capability
E-2 the first plane I worked on 79-82 really good plane to learn on if you are going to make a career in aviation.
Was there in 1967 when they commission RVAH 120. Was stationed in the squadron from 1967 to 1969. Line crew! Best duty I had!
I got there May of 1970 from the Fleet Vaw121. ATR-2 Tech on the E-1B. They had just flown the E-2 upside down.
I worked on the Etc in Norfolk. VAW 123 SCREWTOPS. 91-95. Uss America territory.
E2c.
LT Overholtzer sat my STA-21 board a few years ago. Good guy and now I'm in flight training.
That is an E2-D model. You can tell by the props and the thick keel.
The fully equipped D model is supposed to also get a refueling probe.
This aircraft would've been invaluable to the British during the Falklands conflict. The Argentinians managed to sneak a few aircraft bearing Exocet missiles and do some damage to the Royal Navy. The Hawkeye would've been sounding the alarm the second those aircraft lifted off the runway and had Tomcats vectored in seconds.........
Well we did offer the use with crew of a CVN carrier w/ E2C birds on board to the Brits for that little dust up! They chose not to use them.
Yeah the US was too busy propping up the very dictator we were going to war against. 🤷♂️
@@ablewindsor1459 not so.. you guys actually backed Galtieries!!
@@joshsheff7189 No the Iron Lady was offered up to two Nimitz Class Carriers with their Air Wings on a Phone call With the President....the transcripts exist along with the memoirs of six plus high administration official, including the Secretary of State. See also the Iron Lady's own interviews after she left office.
Even ABC News Show NIGHTLINE reported THE offer, unless you consider them FAKE News !!!!!!
worked with LT OVerholtzer Vaw-120 Vaw-124
Used to tear down and build up their propellars in the AIMD prop shop. We hated those props. Too many ball bearings, takes too much time to fix, could'nt wait to get them out the of shop. I enjoyed working on the big 54H60-77 props, of course, because they flew on the mighty and awesome P-3 Orion. Long live the P-3 family and VP-5.
Worked on the E2B at Atsugi/Midway. Good times.
Ha been in the training facility!!!!! so awsome inside.
It’s amazing that it was new back then
my cousin use to be a pilot on this aircraft this was a bout 1 year ago then he went to base commander
@lilice1907 The E-2 in various versions has been around for a while, but it does get continual upgrades. The Air Force E-3 AWACS obviously has the advantage of a larger airframe to put more people and equipment on it, but the E-2's carrier capability makes it a valuable asset in a carrier strike group.
Capt Watkins is now Commodore. The Sun Kings are at Pt Mugu. VAW 120 was also known as RVAW 120 training squadron; East coast version of VAW-110 Firebirds. Visit us at web (VAW-VRCreadyroom ) as well as Facebook (VAW-VRC Foundation). If you are still in San Diego we have a ready room aboard the Midway museum.
I was in VAW 110 FIREBIRDS at NAS MIRAMAR 85-89, parachute rigger, good times, 3 training missions on carriers Enterprise and Constellation...
O.K. now I get it. this aircraft's operations are confidential, that is why there's no documentary available.
I was stationed at VAW-116 NAS MIRAMAR from 1992 thru1996 Power Plants Division. I was surprised after all these years to see CDR TODD WATKINS, to be the X.O. of VAW-120. There was no such squadron when i was in. He was a young LT WATKINS just getting started. Long Live the SUNKINGS.
VAW-120 has been around long before 1992. I went through as a student in 1988 and then as an instructor 1992-1995. The west coast RAG was VAW-110.
A combat field management officer
also promoted four-star general position in USAF , Incredible
great plan!
Drivers in the front, Scope-Dopes in the back!
Bravo Zulu......FLY NAVY!!
anyone ever work for Veda on this?
E 2..? .. sophisticated airplane... Eye's & Ear's of the sky..!! defence for our troops..
God bless our troops
CDR Todd Watkins! He was my CO at VAW-112, or 113 I can't remember lol
I know what you mean worked at AIMD MIRAMAR both in prop shop and test cell. I always hated working prop shop. I Could not imagine the tear down and build up now. I bet you new a few people i know to.
1983-1994 I was an Operation Specialist in the Navy so this story really caught my attention. I use to work with the E2 on a daily as a Track Supervisor/ Force Track Coordinator in the Combat Information Center (CIC) on board the ship. This story was a waste of time due to the classification of the mission. Believe me it's more to it. "All unit this is Foxtrot Tango, stand by...... Alpha Alpha in the air".
I don't think it was a waste of time. I enjoyed it.
Air superiority enablement.
yes, they also can see several hundreds of miles out.
bery good
When I was stationed in Naval Air Station Norfolk Virginia a woman called the air station telling them that a UFO had captured one of the Navy aircraft. It was apparently her first time seeing this aircraft
There were many reports on Long Island of UFO sightings stealing an aircraft.
@ALB437 Trying to get out of the helo dunker with a blindfold on can be almost as scary.
That wonder can't carry any weapon but is vital to secure the fleet.
My father flew the first E2 out to the Kittyhawk back in the 60's and was the first squadron commander. In his final cruise report, he made a suggestion to arm the E2 with Sidewinders. They actually tested this at Pt Mugu. The test was a failure for a few reasons. Not to mention the guys in the back Sh@tting their flight suits with the hard G turn required :)
4:42 what was that in the window?
Osa:Official secrets act.✈⚓
We are a small but elite community and we probably do know the same people . God bless you.
A few sharks in the pool could increase the challenge! You never know what is waiting behind enemy lines!
Was hoping to see the lav 😬
What about the inside of E-2D Advanced Hawkeye?
It's not too different, except for a glass cockpit instead of steam gauges. All the improvements are underneath so to speak.
Just wait until the E-2D goes active.....
it's here
Whoops, I started speaking of one thing, how valuable the Hawkeye aircraft would've been to the British during the Falklands war, then completely off the rails and started thinking how an American carrier battle group would've reacted to any threat posed by the Argentinian air force in mid sentence. Which obviously made for an incoherent statement.
Sorry, my bad.
Happens to the best of us. No worries.
dat radar
@HawkeyeNFO117 - Sorry for having been a naughty boy with the sharks. Of course a hard job! I have had the chance go inside a Hercules C-130 in 2009, and approach F-16/F/A-18/F-15 last year in Farnborough. Visit a Hawkeye would of course be great. I would accept a blindfold to avoid a too deep vision. I didn't know for the video rental at You Tube. I will try. Thank you.
don't worry cuz with a resolution of 360p, i can't see shit.
Muhahah
The new E-2C would be the E-2D right?
Depends on what upgrades are made as to whether it passes the threshold of reidentification or not.
Yes E-2Ds are replacing E-2Cs right now
I Already Know The Inside Of The E-2C Hawkeye Cause From The Microsoft Flight Simulaotrs
lol IT DOES xD
What happens if there were sharks around ???😱
YT algorithm has brought me here to look at an old E-2C Hawkeye aircraft
The Greyhound lives.
It’s a Hummer (Hawkeye) not a C-2 Greyhound (aka Miss Piggy 🐷). Lol
The qustion is not .. if ... But when .. somthing fail's
Considering your comment, does the heart of your statement make the E2 any less of a machine?
just give me the bogey, dope
Altitude chamber? How high were they planning to go?
Not sure how high they went in the video, but the Hawkeye has an operating altitude of about 25,000 feet
Gotta be on O2 above 13k feet in an unpressurized cabin or if pressurization is lost in a pressurized cabin.
Yes this is a VERY badass bird.........I should know, I build 'em. Ok - call me bias!
Looks like an OV-1 that has hulked out...
Navy most classified aircraft.....right....
10011 is correct, but the navy should be trying to get as much of this functionality as possible into a UAV now just to get the ball rolling. A UAV doing half the job, that could stay on station for a day or more, would be very handy.
You would never get the radar detection range of this aircraft out of a UAV. The hardware requirements would prevent it, at least for now.
People are fascinated w/ the UAV concept, but they are not at familiar w/ it's limitations.....'and like you said "for now". However, people who never were in combat aviation have absolutely no clue to the importance of real "eyes in the sky". This is, and will remain for the foreseeable future one of the most important elements in dominating an airspace which ultimately allows for domination of the battlefield. UAV's have an important job to fill, but "pilots" in bunkers many miles away controlling light aircraft is not a weapon that has the ability to decide the outcome of a battle in a real hot zone. While it is possible in the distant future, the "computer-smartphone" generation looks at everything not entirely based in reality. Just my opinion.
I don't disagree, but if you can produce a UAV that can do 50% of what a manned aircraft can do today, the next generation will be 60 or 70% and so on. Look at the maturation of military aircraft in the 1930s and early 1940s and replace manned aircraft with UAVs. An AWACs type UAV that can do 70% of what a Hawkeye can do flying off an LHA is a game changer.
I'm not sure...is any of this classified ?
Hahahah. Get Some!
It is a sound type, that is being profoundly wasted.
Not easy but posible.
They must really trust the plane to go threw this.. They build these planes 8 miles from my house..
Classified.. Funny, didn't know that complete flight manuals of "classified" aircraft were being stored on the internet.. "for safe keeping."
This was made in 2010. The aircraft obviously was declassified.
E2-D, not C, and yes, major parts of the D are classified. This particular a/c may not be classified.
Paladin 06 all of our classified publications are kept in shop
No Dilbert Dunker?
Knowledge is and of itself is NOT power. The APPLICATION of knowledge IS POWER...and that dude flys a plane??
What rpm does that disc do??
TanzanianRoots
4,5, or 6rpm apparently!
It's a very slow record player
But yet a Navy guy did years in Levin worth for taking pictures on a Naval ship.
UAVs fill a completely different role, optically scanning the ground and returning information via systems like ROVER. When commanding a UAV, you have nothing like the field of view or situational awareness that comes with being in an aircraft, and there is no way that current technology would allow the amount of data collected by the AN/APS-145 to be read on the ground in real time. Not only that, but a UAV of the necessary size is many years away. AEW&C is and will continue to be very valuable
why do i get the feeling these kinds of stories are more about the news chimp and nothing else????
wasn't much from the inside
the hummer its officer country fly navy hoo yah
Can I eat food off the dish
is this a futuristic AWACS or what?
lilice1907 more like a compact scaled back AWACS that can operate from a carrier.
👍🇺🇸😘
GOOD kendaraan namanya situhan dan kebesaran dan kebesaran ALLAH dalam badai memberikan berkat dari dia untuk dia tetapi tidak masuk kedalam sesuatu yang najis atau dusta berkali-kali tetapi hanya mereka yang masuk ke dalam kitab kehidupan anak domba
Looks can be deceiving... Apt definition of this aircraft
What he means is that the E2 is obsolete, UAV's are the future of surveillance, right now carrier borne UAV's are being built, why not make an E2 UAV that requires 0 crew. Programmable flight path and altitude to circle the carrier for 24 hours, pilot takes controls to land it and launch it, the rest is automated. You turn a bunch of crews for each E2 to 3 or 4 UAV pilots.
Upgrading the E2's even in 2010 is a waste of money, their is no cold war or great threat, they can wait for the UAV's.
The E2 was useless when it was introduced in 1964. A waste of money.
@@mchiefbailey and Baseshocks Wrong. UAVs and Hawkeyes have totally different missions.
Interesting comments do not nearly explain the complexity of the Haweye total Combat Command and Control mission and well as her peacetime emergency value.
'
dont dont show this video in here about inside the E-2C airplane...
never do that
'
the northrop grumman E-2 / E-2C / E2-C hawkeye plane is a wrong design on the twin propeller spins...
send back return to the company and fix it right design on the twin propeller motors...
better do it now before too late and no sorry
Do you mean that both props rotate the same direction? That's on purpose, as it means less spare engines are needed onboard a carrier. The extra rudder on the tail helps keep it straight.
"Most of what goes on back here is classified, and we are limited as to what we can show you." Cut the cloak and dagger BS, everything this plane does was pretty much summed up in a nutshell in this five minute news segment.
+Mista Butterworth True, everything this aircraft does, within a broad scope and big picture, was shown in five minutes. Most people who know of this aircraft know what it does. What's classified is the exact equipment and the intricacies of how that equipment works.
Classified?? They observe and report. That's what they do....what's the "secret?"...🤦🏽♂️
What they find may be classified.
What we look for and how we find it, Slick.
No it's not.
This mission has changed in obvious fundamental ways, but our God damn Brass Hats have their thumbs in their mouths and their other ones jammed up their asses playing Switch.
Officers have become bureaucrats, in a uniform. It's hollow.
Tard
They have 3 NFO's onboard those things these days...? I knew they did away with the IFT's about 15 years ago, but I didn't think they replaced them with NFO's... What a waste... Just to create more officer billets... Exactly what they need, more worthless idiots breaking equipment, that aren't even pilots, drawing a huge pay check and walking around acting like they land F-14's on a carrier at night, even though they will never pilot anything other than possibly a Hyundai.
China Sailor: You are seriously confused. E-2's have been flying with three NFO"s since the late 1970's.
Crew in E2As was 2 NFOs and 1 Enlisted man. Flew in them for 4 years.
Stop wasting ya money yanks
Romano no country has ever faced us on our own soil head on in open combat, can your country say the same? 🤔
No thank you. We are doing well without your input.
@@JustinJaybrown neither the Japanese or Germans had the capability of reaching ours (except U boats. We had the benefit of two oceans on our boarders and two years to prepare for war. Russia, France and British didn’t.