How did Mongolia Survive Between Stalin's USSR and Mao's China? - Cold War
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- čas přidán 19. 04. 2024
- Our historical documentary series on the history of the Cold War continues with a video in on the post World War II Mongolia, as we take a look at how it survived against the ambitions of Stalin's USSR and Mao's China
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#ColdWar #USSR #Mongolia #sovietunion #China #PRC
Sources:
Sanders, Alan J.K., Historical Dictionary of Mongolia (Scarecrow Press, 2010)
C.R. Bawden, The Modern History of Mongolia (London, 1968)
Kaplonski, Christopher, “Encyclopaedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire,” Inner Asia, Vol.7 (2009)
Xiaoyuan, Liu, Reins of Liberation: An Entangled History of Mongolian Independence, Chinese Territoriality, and Great Power Hegemony, 1911-1950 (Woodrow Wilson Press, 2006)
Radchenko, Sergey, “New Documents on Mongolia and the Cold War,” Cold War International History Project Bulletin, No.16, The Wilson Center (2007/2008)
tbh, Mongolia is ironically one of the least hated/ talked about East Asian countries today, despite its history of grandeur
It’s so far in the past that it’s become forgotten. Nobody has any ancestor stories of life under the Mongols or from a battle with a Khan.
Things like the Cultural Revolution, Rape of Nanking, March of Bataan, etc are all very very recent in history. People have personal/familial stories passed down from those times.
Are YOU going to be the one to tell me the Sons and Daughters of the "Mighty Khan" that they're roundly ignored by not merely the rest of East Asia, but most of the rest of the World? Because my lips are sealed, buddy!!
It's also not nearly as powerful as it once was , if was a superpower with resources like the USSR did there would be a lot more attention put on its past and a lot more propaganda and all the usual geopolitical BS we hear on tv all the time.
One benefit of rarely ever bringing attention to yourself and not being very powerful in the present era I’d say. Similarly, does anybody on the global stage gate San merino?
They won at World Conquest, and dipped out of world history. Smart move!
Love the slogan of Mongolian economic policy "Get Rich!" It's straight to the point.
And that is the worst for the human species as a whole…all that leads to is screwing over your fellow man in order to fill your pockets…that’s how animals think…
me me me…
The slogan should be “hey, we are all we got”…
sounds like familiar rap "Get Money" line
Gdp Inner Mongolia is 23 times higher than that of Outer Mongolia 🤫
@@alexhu5491 inner mongolia is majority han chinese and more populous. inner mongolian gdp per capita is only 3 times higher than mongolia.
As a tourist, I went alone to Mongolia in 1983. Obtaining the visa in Beijing was easy, and the staff at the embassy was friendly and helpful, someting very rare in any similar country. Imagine communist officials smiling and welcoming you. They had their own policies as a seperate country, and wanted to welcome western visitors. Later, I also went to the Soviet Union and the PR Poland. Compared to them, Mongolia had less police, regulations and food shortages.
Interesting….keep going “comrade”, what else did you do there?✍🏻👨🏼💻📑
Wow.. how old are you? Very interesting story. I was 3 years old when you traveled Ulaanbaatar.❤😂
@@naturecure280 Exactly 20 years older than you 😉
@@abel_underwater Three years later, I got my visa to North Korea also in Beijing. But I never made it to communist Albania 😉And then I went there last year.
@@donallen8414
I don't suppose they got many Western tourists then, or even now.
And now Mongolia is rated as more democratic than their northern and southern neighbors…
it's not even a contest. It's really refreshing to see how alive their multiparty democracy, freedom of press, the freedom to protest that leads to change, is in spite of being landlocked in the place least favourable to it as of 2024.
@@Game_Herothere was a pretty big scandal about billions of dollars worth of coal being illegally smuggled into china I dont think it really got addressed that much by the government because they werr probably bribed as one does. I just see Mongolias government as puppet controlled by Russian oligarchs and chinese whatever it is. It's miles away from being called a democracy imo
So called Democracy = Internal Friction + Oligarchy + Corruption
If I am a merchant, I also devoted to democracy.
@@Game_HeroIt’s because they know the US will never dominate influence wise and they will never turn west as they are surrounded by Russia and China.
I think it unironically gives them a lot more freedom in there governmental structure then say a non NATO Eastern European country has for instance.
@@Game_Heroonly if you view it from the outside it looks like that. But if you actually live within the country it’s different. No journalist is willing to investigate any politicians. It’s essentially a mafia up in the political scene. On the Corruption Index, we are more corrupt than China. Only recently the People’s Party is making strides in trying to beat corruption.
I was literally decimated by David's statement that language evolves and meanings change, but I'm feeling 10% better now.
"literally"
@@Game_Hero That's the joke.
I am quite surprised you completely omitted the Battles of Khalkhin Gol from the video as that was quite a significant confrontation that involved Soviet-Mongolian cooperation to defeat the Japanese in 1939
I believe this video is only part 1
Also specifically focused on Post WW2 Mongolia
@@stephenmeier4658then why it says "PRE-WWII" on the thumbnail
a mindless fkn meat grinder where Zhukov the butcher showed the height of military incompetence
@@Pazzystaryou from Mongolia?
Mongolian people’s revolution was very complex but I think baron ungern should have at least been mentioned
It was about communist Mongolia and Baron Ungern was anti-communist plus he committed war crimes against refugees in Mongolia
@@gadaadyn8190 The point is that he brought the mongolian civil strifes to the forefront of Soviet concern. But I get the scope of this video was mostly to focus on post WW2
My living history group, Soviet Affairs, portrays the Mongolian Peoples Army, 1936-45. It was really great to research.
Man I put off your videos for about 3-4 months now. Beforehand I use to wake up and watch your videos while making breakfast for a long time. Great to see you again!
What kind of breakfast do you make?
@@dotz7616Tsampa
@@dotz7616 thanks for asking dotz. I usually like a breakfast with eggs. Whether it’s scrambled eggs with cheese and turkey slices or fried egg sandwiches or even a omelette. Fills me up the most where sometimes I don’t need a lunch before work. How about yourself?
Thank you Cold War, I’ve been asking this for the longest time. A legendary country that’s rarely thought of in modern history.
Do you know the difference between the ethnic groups of the two Mongolias? Outer Mongolia is composed of Khalkha tribe, Genghis Khan's vassal tribe, Khalkha tribe have no blood relation with Genghis Khan. Inner Mongolia is composed of Altan Urugh tribe, the true descendants of Genghis Khan😏
Mongolia is such an interesting country. Looking forward to the next episode!
I am a little surprised that Tyva's case is not mentioned. It was also a more or less nominally independent state, but in 1944 it was incorporated into the USSR. Apparently, it was not supposed to generate so much friction with China (and Japan). I hope you can explain it in a future episode on Tyva.
"WREAKED" havoc, not "wrecked".
Amazing quality videos. Keep up the good work!
Thank you for this oversight, much of it I did not know before.
Glad to see an episode on the MPR!
Mongolia survived as it always had. On fermented horse milk.
You guys are awesome. Amazing history teachers. Thank you.
Oh my gosh YES! Finally someone else talking about Mongolia's Cold War history! It's so damn fascinating, can't wait for more!!
Great video!
These are great, cycling though all your stuff well done appreciate the hard work
Very interesting, thank you.
Thanks, David. I knew almost none of this. Schooled!
Mongolian peoples republic: PLEASE LET US IN TO THE USSR PLEASE!!!
USSR: We gain nothing and mao would be even more mad, why tf would we do that?
Nah. If it happened the Mongols were afraid to be like Manchuria to be incorporated into China after the war.
Choibalsan sent that request behind the backs of the party members. It was one man’s wish. Mongolians were very much against it.
Because of that action, Choibalsan faced many opposition, including some deaths in his family. And within 2.5 years. He himself had died.
@@user-gl8rd6nc8f
I suppose even if Mongolia had joined The USSR it would have regained its independence in 1991.
But it would have had to fight in WW2 so it would have been a bad bargain.
@@user-gl8rd6nc8f i was under the presumption that even during the 70s this kept happening, but my mistake. Interesting stuff, my knowledge on the whole sino-soviet split, and the central asian dynamics during the cold war is lacking. Will have to read.
In 2024 Russia has become (Chinese Canada) 70% of foreign currency reserves are in Chinese Yuan, in high schools they teach Chinese
Good video.
Plz make a podcast! I need to listen while driving or at work haha.
I mean, you can listen to this without watching it. That kinda counts.
@@Game_Hero yea that’s true but already knowing his edits are pretty good makes it feel like you’re missing out.
We paid a horrible price to keep the independence. My grand grandpa lost his life during the purge for being "intelligencia"
Same here, even tho my great great grandpa was very wise man and the one who helped the country stand against the Qing dynasty, they stigmatized our blodline "pyodol" and started hunt everyone. Same with my grandpa's mother side, they were buddhist lams :/
@@IanArthur-fb4br
It's a sad story.
Gdp Inner Mongolia is 23 times higher than that of Outer Mongolia
Very interesting.
Great video! I do have abit of a odd question, what is the outro music you use
Mongolia is fascinating. It's the country I most want to visit
You have a photo of Zhukov, but you don't mention the critical Battles of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 between Soviet and Mongol forces and intruding Japanese forces. It was the largest tank battle up to that time (preparing Zuukov for what was to come), and Japan's loss turned its ambitions away from Siberia and Mongolia as sources of oil and minerals and towards Southeast Asia.
I’ve taught quite a few Mongolian citizens. In demeanour, comportment, & sympathies they have proved to be invariably, & very comfortably, aligned with ‘all - things ‘ Russian ( previously Soviet, of course ). Alike to Zhovkov’s Bulgaria, they also shared the distinction of requesting formal admission to the USSR ( no less than twice, I believe ). Alike, too, to the immediate south - easterly neighbours of the PRC, ( Vietnam ) the animosity they very frequently harbour for the PRC is visceral.
This video arrived at a perfect time as I'm planning a trip to Mongolia this summer. I think the USSR had an obsession with having some buffer states especially since the USSR and before that the Russian Empire were invaded multiple times in history and without having any natural barriers that protect the vast area of Russia which makes them vulnerable to any invasion. They were happy to keep Mongolia as a buffer and maybe a satellite state as a barrier between them and China. Also, this explains why today's Russia is fighting hard to push NATO away from its borders simply because it happened many times in history that they were invaded, this explains their paranoia about having a hostile power on their doorstep. Anyhow, I can't wait to see Ulaanbaatar for the first time! Thanks for the video!
To be fair, the times Russia suffered major invasions, pales in comparison to the times that Russia invaded their neighbours. That we even talk about Russia in proximity of Mongolia, is the result of colonial expansion and imperialism; actual Russia is quite far away from Mongolia.
@varana so what do you suggest here? To give away Siberia and the Russian far East to China or the USA to make you happy? I truly can't believe what you wrote. Would you say the same thing about Israel? Would you ask them to leave the land of Palestine that they stole from the Palestinian people? It's not only imperliasm but colonisation and occupation at its worst!
Surprised this video doesn’t mention the decisive battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939.
Fascinating history though.
They didn't even try to fake it. They went straight for the 100%
How on earth do you collectivize nomadic herding??? Wheat production is pretty challenging in the Mongolian Steppe.
In theory it should have been a mostly burocratic process by which production (of meat, milk, rugs etc) should have been organized into more or less "voluntary" cooperatives on a geographical district base, and thus better streamlined, and where possible, giverln some modern means... In practice it must have been a violent improvised mess, predictably meeting violent resistance.
When has reality ever stopped communists from implementing their 5 year plan?
It is easy. Most of the livestock was in the hands of few very rich people. So the government confiscated the herds and put them in negdels or collective farms. So the formerly poor people herded them but got paid. You obviously could not sell or slaughter the livestock. It was a job.
Northern Mongolia close to Russia is very fertile and green. So the growing wheat is very possible.
Problem is desertification, 1945/2024 72% of the grasslands have become desert, Outer Mongolia has no money to stop desertification. Agricultural production in Inner Mongolia is 768.06 billion kg of (wheat, rice, soybean, corn)
@@alexhu5491768B tonnes of grain is a lot!! If it can produce so much, why didn't farming occur there in the medieval period? i.e. why did it remain nomadic?
Nowadays they have a VERY strong democracy which I can only imagine they do while staying VERY still and quiet and hoping their neighbors don't notice it
Haha I knew someone would get a little semantic about the 1/3rd decimate usage as soon as you said it. It gave me a sensible chuckle to mention it like that at the end. Y'all know your audience too well.
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage video
As I sit here and think about it, I realize that I know almost nothing about the modern history of Mongolia. Thank you for plugging yet another gap in my knowledge! I look forward to part two!
God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
Finally, someone talking about Mongolian history! I couldn't find a word about it in either Russian or English.
"Press the bell button anyway". Savage.
Loved the video. Very well-researched I don't even know how you got all this information.
You're right; that was interesting.
"Decimate" on its own doesn't really bother me but it's something else to say "1/8 of something was decimated" and not mean 1/80 :P
Either way a great, ifnormative video on a rather obscure topic. Thanks!
We Wish to have a feature episode about The Philippines under Ferdinand E. Marcos and under Martial Law from 1972 to 1981
I, for one, would like to know the final shoe count Imelda ended up with.
Ferdinand Marcos was just a puppet of Fabian Ver and Imelda
The Beatles in P.I. is worth one episode alone.
I'll admit modern usage of Decimate bothers me but not nearly as much as how people mix up Ancestor and Descendant.
That's very confusing.
Extremely interesting. Mongolia has always fascinated me - it is a "bucket list" place I want to visit.
Interesting.
Very excited for future episodes, including on the 1990 Mongolian revolution when the people rose up. Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj along with the other student leaders is a legend of a guy.
Elbegdorj is a shithead. He killed Zorig.
We call Elbegdorj a UN bootlicker now because he's willing to do ANYTHING to get that position.
@@10aerkhembileg84 Why shouldn't he, it perfectly fits him and his ideals of international cooperation and progressivism. And who's "we"? More fitting is "I" (you).
Elbegdorj is just a Western puppet like Zelensky. 😢😢😢
Revolution? A revolution in which state-owned assets are sold legally and cheaply to these former red bureaucrats?😅
Why did not at least mention the battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939?
Great episode. Is that a book on the desk, and if so, what's the whole title and the author?
Your right its miracle they still exist with just over 2 million population
please make a video about Tanu Tuva,
Mongolia 🇲🇳 standing strong
Slight nitpick: the Mongolian People's Republic wasnt founded until 1924 (after the death of the Khan of Mongolia, the Bogd Khan), not 1920, and Sukhbaatar didnt actually live to see its proclamation.
When Mongolia had been proclaimed independent in 1911/12, in a system similar to that in Tibet; it was with the head of Mongolian Lamaist Buddhism, (the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu) as Khan of Mongolia under the title of 'Bogd Khan'.
When the revolution under Sukhbaatar happened in 1921, the Bogd Khan was allowed to stay on his throne, albeit as a figurehead.
When the Bogd Khan died in 1924, the government declared that there were to be no further reincarnations of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, and Mongolia was declared a republic.
Nonetheless, for those three years, Mongolia was one of the few rare examples of a (theocratic) monarchy with a communist government.
Interesting. The few times I thought about it I just assumed Mongolia was part of the USSR.
It technically was, just not on paper. If Anything Mongolia was the Soviet Union's first Satellite State before the creation of the Eastern Bloc.
There is a common joke that Mongolia was 16th Soviet Republic 😂
@@gadaadyn8190😅
I'm astonished you didn't mention Mongolia's fighting contribution during WW2: the battle of Khalhin Gol (1939) and its troops contributing to the Soviet offensive in Manchuria (1945).
Pls,make a video about Kazakh SSR
You missed Mongolia joining The UN in 1961, an important step on the road to independence.
Sad that nothing could be done to reunite the Mongolian people.
China was never likely to give up Inner Mongolia.
I never thought I would hear the term buddhist church, an oxymoronic phrase, in a "it seems right-ish" fashion.
I heard about the current Mongolian government’s hatred towards the Kim regime in N Korea resulting in her leniency towards N Korean escapees, allowing them to use Mongolian as a transit path to S Korea.
They maintain cordial relations with both Koreas. But yes, they are enthusiastic about helping North Korean defectors.
Mongolia has very good relationship with both North and South Koreans. We have north korean workers in Mongolia. If you are talking about that FAKE actress who claims escaped from N.Korea through Mongolia, i will tell you my friend: Its Simply impossible to cross Mongolian border and just wander through Mongolia on foot, for a woman or for a strong man. Even in summer time. In winter it's -50C. Even your pee gets frozen IN your body.
That actress woman already caught lieing. She is S.Korean actress.
To David and the entire Cold War crew,
Please let me know once you've made videos on these following topics:
- Argentina during the rule of Juan Peron (and how his political and economic legacies still affect Argentina to this day)
- Thailand's on-and-off military governments and lese-majeste laws (which still occur even after the end of the Cold War)
- Gastarbeiters (foreign migrant workers) in both West and East Germany
- Bantustans (black homelands) in Apartheid-era South Africa
- The history of Macau during the Cold War and how it contrasts with Hong Kong's Cold War history
Thank you very much and please accept my requests.
Excuse good sir but can you make a video on khad of Afghanistan I don't see any videos on CZcams thanks👍👀
Ulaanbaator means “Red Hero” in Mongolian
It's a very Chapayev sort of name.
One small tidbit, the MPP was called the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party originally, the MPP name only came around after the Communist Regime ended in 1992.
Early, precommunist Mongolia definitely had some moments. As the Qing downfall began, the spiritual leader of Mongolia's Buddhists was appointed by popular decision as the Bogde Khan.
Nationalist China asserted influence over Inner AND Outer Mongolia, wanting to crush any notion of independence. Then an unexpected backer of the Bogde Khan came in the form of a White Russian general, Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, who plotted to revive the old Mongolian Empire.
Needless to say, the struggle between nationalism and communism led Mongolia down its path.
lol, the Soviets crushed Mongolian nationalism by killing Mongolian nationalists and installing pro Soviet puppets after they quietly invaded Mongolia with the NKVD. Mongolia literally had Soviet forces stationed in it pre WW2. This is how the Soviets imposed their written language upon Mongolia. You are repeating propaganda that the USSR somehow gave Mongolia independence when it was all about creating a puppet state to crush the Mongolian nationalism because 2 Soviet republics are ethnic Mongolians. This is why the leader of Mongolia called the Russian invasion of Ukraine a genocide against Mongols.
Then the 1990 revolution happened and things start to finally get better.
@@Game_Hero
The ''1990 revolution'' wasn't really a revolution. It was started by a faction within the MPRP that wanted to own the Mongolian means of production privately. For the average working class Mongolian not much has changed as the Stalinist ruling class became a capitalist ruling class mostly.
@@Algizia Yes it did. Made by hunger strikes and mass protests by students on Genghis Khan Square. A bloodless transition to multiparty democracy and freedom of opposition and travel outerseas.
Good video, and mentions things I didn't know about. However, I think its worth mentioning that Choibalsan was not Khalkh Mongol, but a Kalmyk and much hated by the majority Khalkh as there was very bad history between the groups. There are also a lot of suspicions among Mongols today that Choibalsan had Sukhbaatar poisoned.
In 1939 the Soviet troops defended Mongolia from Japanese invasion (battle of Khalkhin Gol).
It is good to mention that Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal had a Russian wife, Anastasia Filatova, who effectively ruled Mongolia on behalf of USSR and routinely report to the Soviet embassy.
Thank you for the video. Nice to see people inform theirself by your videos. Im sick of russian goverment workers comming to Mongolia and complaining about language barrier. They say: Monglia was USSR's 16th Republic. Why there is no russian signs?
But true is: 1st, no, it wasn't, Mongolia had it own way to progress, but it was just deeply influenced by USSR, 2nd USSR≠not Russia, 3rd Mongolian official language is Mongolian, second by popularity is English, third is Korean and only after it it's Russian, but Russian is popular just because the generation who was born during USSR know russian and because we are in neighborhood, 4th why there is no signs in Chinese in Russia or in Mongolian in Russia? They don't even have it on border. Even russian border pollice don't know neither Mongolian neither English, I know it because I'm as native russian speaker always the one who's translating
Then answer me why we need to do russian signs in our CAPITAL?
I hope after watching this video some people will educate theirself about the fact that Mongolia≠USSR, but it was deeply influenced. Also I hope people will search a lot of information about the second war and how Mongolia helped USSR during war and how we defeated Japanese on Khalha river. Also I would like some people learn about the fact that we wasn't need to do this and participate in war due to the CC German leader's ideology(of course it was whole world's problem but in Adolf's plan of genocide or slaving there were no mongolians, because he wanted leave us alone)
Yes, this. Especially in Erdenet people automatically assume all of us speak Russian or when people hear I'm from Erdenet they think I can speak Russian and when I say I can't they act like I'm not normal 😂😂
@@ranjava5550
I'm afraid Russians are rather narrow - minded people.
What did mongols get told to think about chengis khan during communist rule?
Forbidden subject. Because Russians hate that sh***😂😂😂
Nothing. People were afraid to even say his name let alone talk about the past history. That's the reason why after 90's many I mean MANY people named their boys Chinggis, Temuujin or Hasar 😂😂
Does anyone else notice how this video has like NO photos or videos of the events?
I keep wondering what might have been if Mao's Long March had gone into existing red Mongolia instead of pushing on in China. Great research team, thanks!
If Mao's Long March went into Outer Mongolia instead of staying in Shaanxi then the territory of China will include Outer Mongolia. Because the nationalist will chase the Communists into Outer Mongolia (the Nationalists does not recognise Mongolia as a independent nation, and there is no way Mao will not try to unite the whole China. So regardless of which side wins Outer Mongolia will be part of China, in the worst case it will be something similar to the relationship between Mainland China and Taiwan.
@Lin-eo5xu I might have thought that it would be more like north and south Korea, especially since both the C. C. P. & R. O. K. were founded in Shanghai. The "get rich" policy also seems compatible to the reforms of Deng Xiaoping, if not the current "bling dynasty" policies.
@@gdhdi5339 Yes, Deng Xiaoping do have a "get rich" policy but he is still a Chinese. The best way for a Chinese politician to be remembered centuries later is not his ability to make wealth instead his ability to unite the country. This is why Hongkong and Macau was returned during Deng's reign and there is behind the scene negotiation between CPC and KMT to form a third alliance and unite the country.
@@Lin-eo5xu long march cannot enter mongolia as mongol leaders did not trust ccp.
@@QWERTY-gp8fd Do you think Shaanxi want the communist to enter? No, they fight their way into it. At that neither CPC or KMT recognize the independence of Mongolia. So if the CPC needs to they will fight their way into outer Mongolia and replace the communist their. At the same time KMT will enter too to destroy the CPC.
funnily, in a letter Friedrich Engels argued against forceful expropriation of agricultural land. He thought it would just alienate the peasantry, a class which would anyways fade away as more advanced means of production would drive collectivization organically. I wonder how the revolutions in countries like Mongolia would have turned out if Stalin and Choilbasan had heeded Engels.
Another funny note, the Republic of China in Taiwan still claims Mongolia as a part of China. Luckily, Taiwan seems uninterested in pursuing such revanchist claims, and would obviously be unable to do so anyhow.
It's interesting that the Soviets never wanted to annex Mongolia considering the fate of little Tanu Tuva
Within 7h when this has 12k
One thing not mentioned: Mongolia was a guarantee'd vote in the UN for the USSR (back when the UN meant something)
China did not allow it to join until 1961.
Not surprisingly.
There is a watershed in the middle of the Mongolian treatment of Genghis Khan. Namely, 1991.
Prior to 1991, Genghis Khan was not allowed to be commemorated in Mongolia, and the secretary of the Mongolian People's Party, Zedenbal, publicly declared that Genghis Khan was a terrorist and not a national hero. It was also stated directly in Mongolian textbooks that Genghis Khan must not be glorified or praised.
The Mongolian script was also transformed into a Slavic script.
After 1991, as a result of the fall of the Soviet Union, Mongolia began to build new statues of Genghis Khan and to put his head on its currency.
The direct descendants of Genghis Khan, also known as the Golden Family. However, all the descendants of the Golden Family within Mongolia were killed off in the 1930s (Note: by killed off, I mean descendants of the Golden Family in Mongolia, but there are still hundreds of thousands of descendants of the Golden Family living in the Inner Mongolia region of China).
In the 1930s, tragic scenes took place in Mongolia.
The American Mongolian historian Jack Weatherford begins the preface to his book "Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World" with a bleak and grim picture: " In 1937 the relics of Genghis Khan's soul - the banner of the spirit - disappeared from the Buddhist monasteries on both sides of the Moon River below Mount Keshek in central Mongolia, guarded by devout lamas who had guarded and worshipped them for centuries. in the 1930s, Stalin's followers curbed Mongolian culture through a series of campaigns that saw the execution of some 30,000 Mongol troops who plundered temples, killed monks, violated nuns, destroyed religious objects, ransacked study rooms, burned bible scrolls and destroyed temples. the spiritual banner, allegedly the embodiment of Genghis Khan's spirit, was secretly rescued from the monastery and brought to the capital, Ulaanbaatar, for protection, but eventually disappeared there."
In 1921, Sukhbaatar and Choibalsan, herders in Outer Mongolia, formed the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party with the help of the Russia, and in November 1924 the Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed and the capital, Kulun, was renamed the 'Red Hero City' of Ulaanbaatar. From its inception to its rise to power, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party relied on the support of the Soviet Union. From 1937 onwards, the "purges" were carried out under Soviet control. As a result, between 36,000 and 50,000 people, from the head of state to ordinary herders, were massacred, a figure that researchers generally believe to be an underestimate, with around 100,000 killed. Even so, this still represents a tenth of the Mongolian population at the time. One of the most thorough massacres was that of the Buddhist monk class and the descendants of the Mongolian Golden Family. According to incomplete statistics, this purge destroyed 797 monasteries, over 6,000 buildings and executed 20,356 lamas, and by 1939 the lama class and monastic organisations had been completely annihilated. At the same time, the descendants of the Golden Family in northern Mongolia were killed.
The PPR regime began a nationwide ban on Genghis Khan worship and rituals and did not allow Genghis Khan's portrait to be hung anywhere. All official textbooks were banned from referring to Genghis Khan as a national hero and Mongolian scholars were banned from using the Secret History of Mongolia, known as the "Mongolian Bible". Anand Amar, Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, was removed from office in 1937 and executed in July 1941 for publicly affirming the historical status of Genghis Khan and opposing the massacre of the Lama class. Four months before the execution, on 25 March 1941, a joint meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Mongolian Government and the Presidium of the People's Central Committee The Revolutionary Party took an important decision to abolish the traditional Mongolian script and replace it with the Russian alphabet. The Mongolian language, created by Genghis Khan in 1204, was abolished for a variety of absurd reasons after 737 years of use in Mongolia.
In 2006, when Mongolia commemorated the 800th anniversary of the founding of the Great Mongolian State, it was discovered that there was not a single descendant of the country's golden family and they had all been killed.
I prefer it to be Russian revenge, as the Mongolian army used to rule Moscow back then.
But this is a tragedy in any case.
It is said that Mongolia began preparations to restore the script of Genghis Khan, and that the script standard was implemented in accordance with that of the Inner Mongolian region (since the ancient Mongolian script, which had been practised in Inner Mongolia, had not been changed).
Broadly speaking the descendants of the Genghis Khan family are the Golden Family. After the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in a narrow sense the golden family refers to the descendants of the Torei and even the Kublai line, the other descendants of Genghis Khan. Most of the golden families that remained in the Central Plains at the end of the Yuan dynasty integrated into the Han Chinese. The gold family fled to the northern part of the desert when the Dajian Khan was reformed and the gold family was limited to the descendants of Dajian Khan. The end of Ming Huang Taiji defeated Lindan Khan after part of the gold family into the Manchu ministries.
The current Golden Family Mongols are mainly in Chahar, Inner Mongolia, with some mixed blood into the Han and Manchu.
Not all of the Golden lineage was killed. There are many descendants of Golden family living in Mongolia right now. All they had to do was give their entire possessions to the party and take jobs without the direct influence to politics.
Very good write up. The cultural repression of Mongolian history and culture was barely touched in this video.
@@relaetsecyr if u think this was bad wait until u learn what china did in inner mongolia. it is even worse
What are you doing step-warrior?
Yes! Finally some attention on Mongolia!^^
(hey why did this comment got deleted? There was nothing bad about it. I was merely being enthusiastic)
place part 2 and 3
Without defending the USSR, Mongolia would probably not have survived as a separate state if the USSR had not occupied it.
Mongolia once asked to join the USSR but the Russians refused
It probably would have survived but it would be stuck in the Middle Ages until technology develops more and china gets much more advanced weapons and absorbs Mongolia
@@BHuang92 .... I was about to say exactly that. Serves me right for turning up so late.
@@BHuang92, according to the episode, this actually appened "at least six times" (14:25).
It's always seemed strange to me that inner Mongolia isn't a part of Mongolia.
Blame CCP and chinese people
Inner Mongolia is mostly Han now.
The Mongolians are quite a small minority, so it seems unlikely the two Mongolias will ever reunify.
@@alanpennie That's kinda sad.
@@alanpennie once CCP collapses the han chinese in inner mongolia cant survive without subsidies as most parts of inner mongolia is desert and has very thin upper layer in the soil
Do you know the real Mongolian Orthodoxy is located in Inner Mongolia? Outer Mongolia is made up of Khalkha, vassal tribe of Genghis Khan, they have no blood relation to Genghis Khan. Altan Urugh tribe live in Inner Mongolia, the true descendants of Genghis Khan, Golden family, tribe of Genghis Khan🤦
I don't know if it's correct, but I use "Decimate" to mean "reduce by one tenth" and "DecAmate" for the more generic and modern definition
Mongolia once asked to join the Soviet Union but Moscow refused
You once asked me to joined me and I refused you. What is your proof?
When Outer Mongolia broke away from the Soviet Union/ Russia during the collapse of the Soviet Union, I remember hearing in the news that Mongolia was the first Soviet satellite state.
I had never known that.
Yeah, my request shared by many others have finally been answered! *Throat singing intensifies*
If I can continuously create credit to exchange for tangible goods, aren't these items essentially free to begin with?
Public officials belief on their credit system.
Wonder how soldiers feel about that.
S-steppe bro, what are you doing???
Mongolia is basically the Eldian Empire of the past, but its just Paradis today. But instead of facing against Marley across the sea, it had to face two Marleys in the north(Russia) and the south(China).
👍
I wonder if the MPR had tote bags?
Does anyone hear words with S sounds amplified and harsh in the audio of these videos?
Yeah. There's a bit "too close to the mic" effect.
Probably a new mic/camera combo or editing software that isn't filtering the same.
One of the best South Park episodes 🤣
Arways twy destwoy my shittywall 😡
Damn Mongorians!!! 🤬
most of what i know about modern Mongolia is because of deep diving The Hu
Cold War Mongolia is fascinating!
Mongolia Revolution (1990)
Temujin guy? It's Chinggiz Khaan to you.
How can there be "a state" and "communism" in same sentence?
What's wrong with your mic that makes all your "S" sounds echo and hiss? No other youtube channels have this
What's wrong with you that you moan about something so massively unimportant?
@@alexwinfield9540 Because it's distracting and makes the video unwatchable? How is that unimportant? Also who are you to say what I can and cannot complain about? If you didn't edit the video your input literally doesn't matter