How we read each other's minds | Rebecca Saxe
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- čas přidán 10. 09. 2009
- www.ted.com Sensing the motives and feelings of others is a natural talent for humans. But how do we do it? Here, Rebecca Saxe shares fascinating lab work that uncovers how the brain thinks about other peoples' thoughts -- and judges their actions.
TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at www.ted.com/translate. Watch a highlight reel of the Top 10 TEDTalks at www.ted.com/index.php/talks/top10 - Věda a technologie
She's really good at answering questions to the point
Great talk.
You can really see how she had no difficulty keeping the whole talk structured, non-repetitive and smooth. That's intelligence.
I'm always amazed when I see TED videos.
It's wonderful and I hope to attend as a presenter someday...
Got a LONG way to go. :-P
Joke- Question: What't the difference between ignorance, apathy, and indifference? Answer: 'I don't know, I don't care, and it doesn't matter to me one way or the other!' Kudos to the author of this for creating such a memorable way for people to understand the difference between the meaning of these words. "Communitacation is the problem to the answer." (70s song lyric) Understanding the meaning of words is a key to clarity in communication - and mutual understanding.
Ευχάριστη έκπληξη οι ελληνικοί υπότιτλοι! Ευχαριστούμε!
The interviewer at the end is breathing so loudly into the mic haha
Haha came to the comments to make sure I was hearing correctly 😂😂😂😂😂😂
precise and understandable in explaining the topic, I learn a lot from this video
Brilliant presentation!
And great finale
"... and then, after careful reconsideration, getting them wrong again."
:D
What an interesting discovery, and a wonderfully delivered talk. Thank you
Love her sense of humor!
2009? I thought this was from the 90's by how it looks... Damn I feel old..
I really do hope that This knoledge is never used for evil. I love TED and how at the end they thought about the same thing :)
I wish that I could attend all of these events it would make me so happy to be in the same room as all of these people who have inspired me to do think better these past two years.
Thanks TED
I love you guys
well, but white suger IS indeed poisen ^^
+straycat3286 With improper nutrition and medication, it's hard to implement the correct mental pathing.
she is so amazing
to understand "the hard problem of consciousness" first we must understand the roles that physical processes play in creating consciousness and the extent to which these processes create our subjective qualities of experience.
13:35 - It's good to know that the laughter guy from all those sitcoms in the 90's is still getting work
i have a boy who is 4 years and 3 months old, and i've noticed that he has JUST developed the skill described in this video. very cool.
Geez this girl is smart...I had to watch this one twice. Brilliant!!!
What a wonderful talk.
For those people who say quarters aren't magnetic, I suggest you search for eddy currents.
If you pass a magnetic field over aluminium, it becomes temporarily magnetic. This applies to other metals as well.
Sent here becuase of a university class and was at first annoyed when i saw the length. It was riverting though. Well done!
Great as always.
Stunning lecture! Thank-you.
was that British music artist Imogen Heap in the audience at 13:37 and at 13:54, and again at 16:44? Just curious...
Fantastic talk!
Very nice! Thanks
@Rhoky Very well put.
I'm more interested in controlling peoples movements with magnetic pulses.
Summoning mesmer
Like she said, you can't apply it without people knowing, and the effects really are small. For movement, all we're able to do is make those twitch-like reflective movements, since fluid, full movements are controlled by much more than just the primary motor cortex. The brain is one big organized network, not multiple blobs of activity doing their specialized job apart from all other specialized blobs. Which is why I'm sceptical of what she said here, but I guess I'll just read her articles and see if she had to simplify stuff for this talk :)
I want to go back to school for researching development in children (especially language development) like this....but its so expensive to go back and I would have to quit my job probably :/ any advice?
(cont...)
it is these types of hiccups of the mind, that can be exploited to make people easier to hypnotize.
This is why hypnotism stage acts are very popular. The very act of being on stage and being under that kindof mass pressure, allows a skilled hypnotist to more easily influence you.
See also: The Eriksonian Handshake.
Try interrupting someone while they tie their shoelace, their mind goes momentarily blank.
I just thought i'd mention this, coz it's one of those interesting connections
No one can read another's mind. However, it's possible to figure out what someone means by what they say or do, by their known track record.
Example; you can know the health status of a tree by the quality of its fruit, it's called context.
Also, it's possible to INTUITIVELY grasp the true nature of strangers, ie, good or bad? But, only time will tell if you're correct; again, think context.
its been a while since we've had an educational presentation
great! really interesting and an excelent ending
10s of thousands. It's a variation on the Sally-Anne test, used as one test to help determine developmental norms and is part of the tools used to distinguish abnormal child development. Numerous double blind examples of the test have been performed and consistent probabilistic results are obtained. So either the majority of 3 years olds think it's a trick question and respond the same or they really don't grasp it yet because they have not developed enough memory experiences/neural connections.
CZcams is highly inconvenient for meaningful conversations. You know it.
That's a VERY good observation. I'm wondering the same thing.
that was REALLY interesting :)
Is this RTPJ region different or smaller in adults with autism or other individuals in the Autism spectrum disorder?
Now I would like to buy this Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device. It seems that you can have a lot of fun with it.
check out how voltage transformers work.. it could be the same "induction" that magnetises (dont know if that word exists) any metal placed on top of the machine. :)
I think that's kind of the point. Those with a developed RPTJ (did I get that acronym right?) will correctly see the person as not being at fault. Those who have less function or disrupted function in this brain region, will "incorrectly" assign blame, just like the younger 2 children "incorrectly" assigned blame to the pirate who took the other pirate's sandwich without being able to know whose was whose.
the magnetic pulse made the muscles in the hand contract to push the coin....but if you are talking about the first coin jumping off the machine then i agree with you it is confusing.....
quite probably some RTPJ are a bit bigger or smaller than others. but most are pretty much the same.
what really differs is how specialized they are and how active they get when you give them these specific problems. you saw that in her talk. you also saw that the RTPJs must become specialized over time. this means that if a child is not stimulated to develope the RTPJ (ie because no contact to humans,child soldier,etc) then it will have a less developed RTPJ as an adult.
I think he's hoping for a nice solid explanation to "If our brains are so modular, in what part of our brain is our "consciousness" stored/experienced?"
If she could point to a brain picture and say "right there!" it would have made him very happy. Unfortunately it doesn't seem like we're there yet.
If you're unfamiliar with the concept. Browse the wiki article on "Hard problem of consciousness", and some related articles like "Qualia" and "Philosophical Zombie".
@justpinahy It says in the title. Rebecca Saxe.
what should I studie to become a neuroscientist?
I seriously need to start padding my resume so that I can get invited to these talks and meet women like her...
the talk was average but i found the interview at the end very charming!
Love science. :)
i think im in love with this girl
That sugar example reminds me of discussions about punishments such as death sentence.
Many people beeing pro death sentence don't pay much attention to the criminals' motives and background.
Might this be caused by a brain handycap...?
Well, this is way too speculative to be taken serious but its just an idea :)
wow that's soooooooo good
My Question: How does this region of the brain develops? By experiences and learning, or does is just grow when you age?
Probably a combination of both. And thank you so much for asking this question. Neurology is usually content with the answer she gives in this lecture. Where's this function? In this area. Done. No more questions.
Usually the brain and behavior develops through the mixture of genetic predispositions and the environment. This is why people with the same genes (identical twins) can end up having completely different personalities and in some cases only one of them having a severe disorder, while the other is completely functional. It has to do with the environment they were in, the foods they ate, the diseases they had, the amount of attention they got, and all those things. Psychology's still trying to figure out how that impacts the brain, how to screen for what kinds of backgrounds to identify risk factors and to help those people before they get a full-blown disorder.
Probably, but it will be unethical to test because of obvious reasons, because we grow up in a social environment (humans are very social creatures), the brain adapts to the environment and creates a network which helps in social processing, since that helps the new human to adapt to its surroundings, to better predict what kinds of behavior will have good outcomes and which don't. As time develops, the brain matures, and the networks become more organized, it will understand the more complicated, cultural social norms and adapt to those again. And again and again until we have a culturally adapted brain to the specific social standards of the environment, able to reason from someone else's point of view. How and why, we still don't know, and how we can use this knowledge to help people with problems in self-other processing? The first babysteps have been taken but we still don't know.
Sorry for the long reply 9 years after you posted this but I am currently writing a paper on self-other processing in the human brain and this talk shows some nice things but really irks me on others xD
16:20 "It's not called the hard problem of consciousness for nothing!" Haha 13 years later and she is still right!
The brain is fascinating!
Se não tiver tradução fica difícil
That was one very young MIT student. :)
I always think about this. I sometimes think of myself as the "ONE"
there's something strangely satisfying with TMS. It's like a raygun, you can hold in your hand.
pyew pyew
shootin mind bullets
She didn't address whether the pirates would be able to recognize their own sandwiches by looking.
Maybe a chip could be implanted into that portion of the brain.
An artificial dedicated rTPJ.
Since the brain seems so modular in function, perhaps such modular (ie: dedicated for specific localized functions, eg: the rTPJ) implants could work.
Love it
haha very deep talk
PS :u can hear the guy breathin at the end haha hes so loud
I'm going to graduate school for neurophysics and I will solve the hard problem of consciousness.
how is that working out for you?
Have you solved it?
amazing
What? Do you mean at 9:57? The labels are correct there. "Attempt" is when the girl thought the powder was poison and was ATTEMPTING to poison her friend but was using mislabeled sugar. Second column was labeled as "Accident" because the jar was marked sugar and the girl ACCIDENTALLY poisoned her friend by putting poison in her coffee when she thought it was sugar. Even her later graph at 12:46 is still correct... perhaps you should watch it again, Deepmind, it made perfect sense to me.
Nice spot!
Whats up on 2018? Any progress on this field?
Am I the only one who noticed Imogen Heap sitting in the crowd?? It is definitely her! It's hard to tell on youtube, but if you go to Huffington Posts version of the video you can easily see it!
I really wish they edited out that breathing during question time.
This is almost ten years now. Is there an update?
There are mulitiple new studied done with rTMS in psychology. You could use the website of scihub to find free articles regarding the subject of rTPJ and social skills. I'm currently working on a presentation on the effects of rTPJ stimulation on social skills, moral judgements, and whether it has to do with attention or not. The rTPJ is also very active in controlled attention tasks, and when asked about that Rebecca did not answer that in a satisfying way. So I'm currently diving into articles myself :)
The guys last question was about the "Hard problem of consciousness", they are talking about the soul.
@htko89 i mean, we can't reeeally prove that the brain and mind are connected. a mind could be something more than we can understand. anything is possible..
amen to that
I love smart people. I can't help myself. :)
cool love it assome
she is so smart
Wow. Guy at the end is one heavy breather....
how do they identify the map of the brain? What does what?
Fascinating and I hope they continue their research and get the proper funding.
Proper funding to kill empathy. Be careful what u wish for
@Rhoky This is also question free will.
You had me at 'cheese sandwiches'... :)
Being an Asperger's-autistic the headline made me curious but I felt like a dyscalculia patient being told that people can calculate 1+1=2
The example problems can be solved using simple logic. You normal people probably are much better than this.
That some/many people fail when their social part of the brain is messed with is probably because their habit is to not use logic for social problems and so they fail a bit (!) when that brain part is messed with a little(!) [is it really'little'?].
I suspect that some people weren't really paying close enough attention and thought that, in the accident scenario, Grace thought the powder was sugar despite it being labeled as poison, rather than because it was then labeled as sugar.
I got a little lost when she described it, myself, needing to watch it again.
wicked cool
At 13:54... Is that Imogen Heap in the audience?!
wow very interesting
Chris Anderson is breathing!
What puzzles me is how magnetic pulses have any effect at all. What does it manipulate, iron content in the blood..? Some kind of electric current flow...?
Now I have to wonder if MRI's are possibly causing damage of some sort.
The magnetic pulses interfere with the magnetic field your brain is emitting by itself (because of all the teeny tiny electric stuff going on in your neurons). It either inhibits or excites those neurons, causing a temporary lesion of over- or underexcitability, impairing that specific brain area. It can have different effect for excitatory and inhibitory, depending on the part of the brain you're using it on.
wow, she is smart!
I expected at least a few words about mirror neurons,empathy and the ability to tune into other people's emotions....emotions are also electrical, chemical reactions and can be traced, affected....and they are mutually dependent with out thinking...mutually inclusive, that is....that's why this is a kind of incomplete study....idk....maybe I'm wrong...
You're not wrong, but it is very, very difficult to test such a broad hypothesis. Even with the newer methods such as rTMS it still is nearly impossible to accurately stimulate a part of the brain, and then get a result you thought you would get. Also, a little insight on mirror neurons, they probably do not function the way most people think they do. We cannot know for sure, since it is unethical to experiment on humans the same way we did on the monkeys in which we found them. And since monkeys are different from humans, the mirror neurons might also work in very different ways. We found them in humans mostly in the motor areas, and some in the area associated with language (Brodmann 44, Broca's area). But how they relate to empathy, emotions, imitative learning, or simply perception-movement binding we have no clue. Mirror neurons are weird, misunderstood, and probably not the holy grail of neuroscience.
Agreed, but remember, we have to be the first to know how to use this before our enemies do, hence, we become the enemy that we fear.
"The wind should be punished!"
Wow I thought Saxe would be much older!!
The idea that our morale judgement can be influenced by magentic impulses is just scary!
I'm interested to see what would happen if you put extremely analytical people though the same experiment. I'm talking f.ex. skeptics or free-thinkers that are also versed in abstract logic and philosophy, like scientists or engineers. Also people with Asbergers, or people who are sociopaths.
I like to think in terms of ethics rather than morals, and consciously take a mental step back view such decisions as logic problems. I'm not sure if this means i don't use my RTPJ as much, or that i incorporate it into a larger network with the prefrontal cortex.
horrible
Not just moral judgement, but also our movement ability.
@@cathybing461 Yeah, but that's how technology works to use neurostimulation in treating severe movement disorders like Parkinson's though.
And why is this scary? Like she said, it is impossible to deliver these specific magnetic pulses without the person knowing. And even then the effects only last for a very short time.
Who's inflating a bike wheel during question time? How rude.
I see your point for the sake of this question:
"Is a mind - separated from it's usual bath of blood-transported hormones - the same mind?"
Possibly not.
However I take issue to you saying that "the brain is NOT the root of all cognition" for this reason:
When a person's spinal cord is damaged - in what demonstratable way does this change their personality and/or cognitive functions?
What organ, when destroyed/removed, will fastest cease the body's cognitive powers? The Brain - instantly.
awesome mind control with magnets. i wonder where that technology will go.
She was incredible. I can remember a TIME magazine cover in January of 1990 that declared it the "Decade of the Brain". - It wasn't so. Here, almost 20 years later we're finally getting great research done by great minds to better understand ourselves.
Nothing like cutting-edge psychology based on the observation of pirates and their cheese sandwiches...