All You Need To Know About TRANSISTORS To Fix Stuff! How Transistors Work Test In & Out of Circuit
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- čas přidán 2. 07. 2024
- LER #234 All you need to know about TRANSISTORS to fix stuff This is the 6th video in this series looking at common components and circuits, from the perspective of a repair hobbyist / technician.
In each video I hope to teach you all you need to know about the most common way in which components and circuits fail, and how to test and diagnose these faults.
00:00:00 Chapter 1 - Intro
00:03:44 Chapter 2 - Identifying And Testing Transistors Out Of Circuit
00:27:27 Chapter 3 - Transistors And Heatsinks
00:30:10 Chapter 4 - Photo Transistors
00:30:38 Chapter 5 - Silicon And Germanium Transistors
00:32:09 Chapter 6 - How Transistors Work
00:47:15 Chapter 7 - What Goes Wrong
00:52:19 Chapter 8 - How To Test Transistors In Circuit
01:00:35 Chapter 9 - Testing Transistors With A Voltmeter
01:06:47 Chapter 10 - Epilogue
The ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW Series
Resistors
• All You Need To Know A...
Capacitors
• All You Need To Know A...
Inductors
• All You Need To Know A...
Diodes
• All You Need To Know A...
Zener Diodes
• All You Need To Know A...
Transistors
• All You Need To Know A...
ATX PSU
• All You Need To Know A...
Amplifiers
• All You Need To Know A...
MOSFETs
• All You Need To Know A...
Thermal Cameras
• All You Need To Know A...
Power Adapters
Part 1: • All You Need To Know A...
Part 2: • All You Need To Know A...
My previous 'Transistors' Videos
How Transistors Work
• Transistors Part 1. Ho...
Understanding Transistor Circuits
• Transistors Part 2 Und...
How To Test Transistors
• Transistors for Beginn...
These are affiliate links, you pay the normal price and I make a small commission.
TEST METERS
Aneng AN8009
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KM601
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MESR-100 ESR METER
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XC6013L CAPACITOR METER
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TM-902C TEMPERATURE METER
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LCR-T4 LOW COST COMPONENT ANALYZER
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FNB58 USB ANALYZER
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PCI POST ANALYZER
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TL460S Plus PCI_E ANALYZER
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TOOLTOP ET829 SCOPE METER
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MULTIMETER PROBE KIT KET05
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OSCILLOSCOPES
FNIRSI 1014D
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FNIRSI DPOX180H
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BENCH PSU
NPS3010W
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SOLDERING
T12 Station with M8 9501 Handle
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M8 9501 HANDLE
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PROS'KIT SS-331H
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THERMAL CAMERA
Infiray P2 Pro
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MICROSCOPES
Amscope Optical Microscope (copy)
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ANDONSTAR AD407
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EEPROM Programming
TL866 II+
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CONSUMABLES
NC-559-ASM FLUX
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DESOLDER BRAID (I use size 8045)
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MECHANIC HX-T100 Solder 63:37 (I use 0.6mm)
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Learn Electronics Repair is now on Discord! Come and join the fun and let's fix stuff together, it's free and a nice place to be.
/ discord
It takes a lot of time and effort to make CZcams videos. If you enjoy my videos or they helped you with your own repairs please consider subscribing to my channel or click LIKE
You can send donations via this link
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You can subscribe via this link
/ learnelectronicsrepair
Thank you for your support.
Richard
I enjoy how you get right to the info without doing a whole intro with a logo and annoying music. Just a simple logo dancing there as you start. Thank you for that.
Cheers
😀
It is time saving I agree, very thoughtful.
no 5 minutes blabbering
It has been mentioned a few times 🙂
This channel is pure gold to learn basic electronics but without the boring parts, with well prepared episodes and with a logical structure! I can't thank you enough for this!
All I can say is that these are the best electronic repair videos on the internet. Not kidding. You are doing a great job. I plan to watch all of them. Thanks for putting them out there.
I'm not even going to let the video finish I want to say I've been trying to figure out transition for 10 years this is the first time that I've understood it 100% and it makes perfectly good sense to me now thank you very much
You are welcome ,and thank you for such as nice comment. There are many many videos explaining transistors but now I feel like I achieved something 😊
Germanium transistors are still used for guitar fuzz boxes to this day. Usually to get the "vintage tone" some guitarists search for. One thing I noticed also, with the cheap transistor tester, it read 1.1v for voltage drop on the darlington. That could indicate it is reading 2x the voltage drop of each junction inside.
Love your videos! Keep them coming! Thank you so much!!
@Tone Electronics "Usually to get the "vintage tone...". Well not really. They use them because they have low forward bios voltage 0.2 compared to silicon 0.6. Guitar pickups generate low voltages (the magnetic ones). I think you may be mistake it with tube amplifiers. They have a more mellow "vintage tone" .
@@HairyHu that makes no sense whatever, the transistors are bias into conduction with bias resistors, so the 0.2v/0.6v is mitigated and the AC signal is then coupled in through a capacitor, transistors are current driven devices so it's the gain that's important, silicon transistors have a lot more gain than germanium hence you would need more stages depending on how small a signal you were amplifing I built a non contact probe using silicon transistors that can sniff a audio cable (basically a few mV of leakage) the video is on my channel, the guy is right people still use germanium transistors in pedals etc because they say they sound better (despite them being obsolete, unstable, leaky and very inconsistent electrically ) this instability gives them a more dynamic and expressive character, the also have a lower frequency response than silicon which I suspect causes the retro sound the FX guys speak of
I wanted to take a moment to express my sincere gratitude for the incredible seminar you conducted on semiconductors, transistors, and MOSFETs. Your ability to break down complex concepts in a clear and concise manner within just one hour was truly impressive. Your passion for the subject shone through, making the intricacies of these components comprehensible and engaging. As someone who has struggled to grasp these concepts in the past, I can confidently say that your session has provided me with a newfound understanding that I failed to achieve during my months in university.
Played w/ transistors ,mostly as switching devices ,since 1966. Semi retired security sys troubleshooter ... Thanks ever so much for such great memory prodding info ....This is your forte !!!
....WOW!!!!!!!!!! THANK YOU, FOR DEMONSTRATING, AND EXPLAINING THESE PRACTICAL, USEFUL TESTING PROCEDURES, AND TIPS!!!! AWESOME!!!!!!!!
The last 7 minutes are golden.
These videos are amazing. Thanks for taking the time. Wish I had these at college
Really good explanation and presented very well. Not patronising, but clearly a man who knows his stuff and can convey it to others. Just wish I had come across this sooner. So thanks for taking the time to record this and get it out there. Very much appreciated.
Excelent video, clear and simple concepts. Learning a lot with your lessons. Thank you for your time.
Much thanks and greetings from germany. The way you explain those topics is just amazing and very understandable. Please keep going with the video series as this is a great value for young upcoming technicians and engineers. Thank you so much! 🇩🇪👍🏻
Very well presented, and definitely the best explanation on the subject I've seen yet. Thanks for sharing.
I'm blown away about how good these lections are. Following you with high interest.
Thanks for the PNP transistor biasing explanation!
Man you should put these on Spotify! I would listen to these at work everyday.
Really appreciate every single video of this series. Thank you!!!
Best electronics site I've found, you explain everything very clear to a person who knows just enough to be dangerous. I've learned a lot from you, thank you.
This is great! Been working with electronics for years, and I know a bit about what works and what doesn't, but I wasn't sure why. This clarified a lot of things for me. Thanks!
Absolutely brilliant video, thank you so much for the effort put in. I've been watching so many transistor videos and your is by far the easiest to understand. Thank you,
What a great summary! Loved the explanation of the circuits and the testing on plain paper!!
Keep up the great work on these videos. Well explained and enjoyable to watch.
Really enjoying your instruction, i wish i has youtube and tuition like this back in the 80's when i was studying GCSE electonics.. the kids don't know how lucky they are. Many thanks
Watched lots of videos about transistors, yours is by far the best. Thank you.
God bless you for the precious knowledge, that you give as for free!
This channel is fantastic, so much information clearly explained. Thank you for taking the time making this videos.
Man I say again thankyou for your uploads. Guys / gals you should hit this guys Patreon up if you are using this channel and benefitting. He is giving way more than we deserve!! I wish you had been my tutor at college I would have learnt lot more than I actually did! Thanks again
Thank you very much. Patreons are always welcome and appreciated - it costs as little as €1 a month to support this channel and all money raised goes into buying stuff for the channel to review, or to improve my recording and video editing equipment.
You can subscribe and make a monthly payment as little as €1 a month via this link
www.patreon.com/learnelectronicsrepair
You can send one-off donations of any amount via this link
www.paypal.com/paypalme/youtubeLER
Many Thanks 🙂
WOW, I learned more USEFUL information about transistors in the first 5 minutes of this than any chapter in a text book.
Frankly, saying that a transistor can be defined by the following, x+y/%$#@;:×"#-xcf/=???? Means nothing to me.
What gem of information you've explained here.
Thank you very much
this video it the best thank you to the man that made this videos I loved it the ways he teaches it very clear easy to understand it including a diagram I want to watched all his videos he the master of all in electrionic than my teachers back in the 90s
reached the end of this series and would like to say thanks for posting this series was amazing and will be book marked and re visited another time :)
You sir are doing a FANTASTIC JOB!!
Thanks for taking time to educate.
Excellent. I remember doing this stuff in college in the 1980s. Great reminder
very helpful vid, thank you for your work in making these.
One of the best Transistor videos I have seen
Many thanks Richard for yet another great tutorial. The diagrams help immensely!
You're welcome
in the 1st 8 minutes of this video I learned MORE about transistors than I have in 5 years of trying to read about them and comprehend them! thank you!
You're welcome
🙂
You are an Amazing instructor. Thank you so much.
a very good lesson, thank you dear collége
Great tutorial. I wish I had found those years ago. Even that I learned a lot. Please keep going.
Thank you very much amazing videos thanks for the info MR
Thanks for your time. Excellent video.
Agree with previous comments. Firts time transisors makes sense to me. Appreciate the time and effort.
Thank You
Really learned a lot about diagnosis of transistor faults. Thanks.
Very happy I found your channel. Great stuff!
Thanks for this, I was looking forward to it. Some helpful tips in here
Very nice explanation !!! 👍👍
Hi ! I really love the way you explain repairs in your videos .Please could you make a video in topic "everything you need to know about ..." about opamps , how they work etc ? I saw an old video about this component and I didn't fully understand how exactly work . THANK YOU !
Fantastic lecture l have never known much more about transistor b4. Thanks
Very interesting video, very simple and very usefull.
Very useful video, real info leaving aside the fluff, well done
Thank you very much I learnt a lot. Cheers!
I have to fix stuff (cheap Chinese car charger "Intelligent Pulse Charger" that keeps blowing a fuse to be exact) and I come to this channel to learn. I now have a clearer picture of what I am dealing with and what to measure.
Welcome aboard 🙂
Great review, that was fun. I know you don't like that second tester, but if you added three jumper wires with micro clips, it would give more versatility for different sized transistors.
love it just need to watch it about a few times to fully gasp all that information tks nice lecture how you started and ended.......
great video! thanks very much for your efforts
Thanks for the useful video 🌷
Very nice and simple video.
20:37 it appeared when you put the big transistor in the cheap tester you may have put the pins into 1, 2, and 1, which would explain why it said diode. I have the same tester, and mine acts the same way if I put a transistor into 1,2,1. Besides that, everything looks great so far.
Awesome. Tysm for your videos Sir 👍
thanks for the vid, if i might say... its hard for me to see so small drawings. & you had a big mosfet when it was like the other, but when you get to the different one ( pnp) you choose a very small mosfet.. and that is where the lesson is at for me.. im still grateful fir the vid. thank you
Thanks a lot for these lessons
I’ll have to say, after messing with this stuff for a very long time, i was never able to memorize the whole npn/pnp deal. The way you explained it, finally made it “click” to were i know it by memory.
Very informative tyvm
Great stuff. You got yourself a new subscriber.
Thanks, I did not know that the Emitter gave a slightly higher voltage on the diode test.
I normally explain a transistor as being a bit like a tap with the handle being the base but I like your explanation when it comes to a faulty transistor. Good video and a great way for me to refresh my knowledge
You are welcome. The reason the emitter has a higher voltage drop is because the two N type silicon layers (in an NPN) transistor have a different amount of doping compared to each other. The same applies with the two P type layers in a PNP transistor. I think this trick of identifying the emitter is something that is hidden in plain sight. You see the small voltage difference every time you test one but you don't think about it's significance.
This will very occasionally let you down and you will find some transistors where you can not see a difference B-C and B-E but I never saw one where B-C gives the higher reading.
Amazing transistor content
Nice video, thanks for sharing :)
Thank you Sir, that helped clear up some of my confusion.. Sub
Thanks, Prof.
An excellent presentation, very nostalgic for me as I spent many years teaching on City and Guilds Electronic Servicing courses. But, please use the correct BSI symbols for the basic npn and pnp transistors. Sorry to be pedantic but “if a jobs worth doing”.
Extremely great channel
Mentioned Germanium Transistors and just used a 'matched pair' of germanium transistors to create the 'Fuzz Face' circuit Guitar EFX pedal
Thank you
Looking forward to an amplifier tutorial… I’ve got a pair of faulty power amps. Simple circuit (I’ve got the schematic) but it has a DC offset at idle of around 1V and I’m not sure where the fault is. Cheers.
Good video, looking forward to ‘All You Need To Know About Fets’ ;)
That's coming soon 😉
I’m Tae and I love your videos. Trying to learn a new hobby, and I was with you up til 15:58 when you identified the two transistors as NPN & PNP. You wrote them having the same c/b/e setup but they were testing as a different setup. Can someone explain this to me or am I missing something?
Cheers Rich.
You are welcome
is it possible in time to determine a mosfet replacement when charts have no interface to existing replacements today
Thanks
The last 10 minutes were enlightening
For me its great to keep it simple, don't work on amplifiers so a lot easier. Thanks for a nice review.
easy way to remember difference, is the one with arrow pointing out or NPN is "not peeing in", as per the arrow!
Excellent video PL make video on EV KITS CIRCUIT USING IGBT WITH TESTING METHOD.
Peace be to you,
You teach very clearly.
I thank you.
Heavenly Father is calling
home the articulate.
8th day is being nearly complete.
Servant of The Deeper Mystery
Loved the video..now I finally know how transistors work....is there a video on how to test MOSFETs on PCB??I wanna learn that, too.
AYNTKA Mosfets will be the next video in this series, let's see if i can do a good job on those too 😉
@@LearnElectronicsRepair Loved the video..just learning from pure theory I never could understand how transistors work...you showed us in practice and it was hell a lot easier...
spent so much time pissing around with shit I didn't need to, all I needed was the info at 29:50. I feel like such an idiot, I tossed those little insulating parts...
before I mess with shit I dont know about I'll be sure to watch the relevant LER video from here on.
👏👏👏👏 Thanks
Sir Plz Make A Video On All Types Of Transistor With Images And Specification
Cool !!!
That little lever on the cheap component tester opens and closes those little slots. You can also simply use the little silver contact pad to the right.
Thanks again the last part was a little confusing due to no B-C-E not being labeled
Should that be Ve or Vcc on the NPN sketch?
PL make video in circuit testing of working pcb.
I like your video's do you have anything on audio surround systems, I'm trying to fix a Teac V G1200 receiver the rear channel is not working all front channnels are good is there a rellay involved?
Does that work better mostly with some analysis device get more information ?.
there is a tricky to test electrionic parts in the circuits board let says a transistor is leaking when you pulled out from the circuits board tested good what do you think the tricks is have a gust
I love these videos, especially the notebook drawings! Thanks so much for making them! I've played with electronics since age 20 or so (now in my 60s) but never really got how to diagnose & fix stuff much. Now I'm seeing the light!
BTW I've always used the phrase 'not pointing n' to instantly identify NPN transistors on schematics (because the arrow points out, not 'n'). After some time I began referring to PNP symbols as 'pointing in pointer' but I never really liked that one, ha ha. Thanks again!
I am working on a failed Dimma2. Resistor getting super hot. There is a 3 pin To-220 package marked TA 425 400. Anyone know what that is as its in line with Resistor cooking?