Beyond Europe: The Global Dimension of the War | Thirty Years War 4
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- čas přidán 13. 05. 2023
- The Thirty Years’ War could have been over after five years. The Catholics defeated the protestants first at white mountain, then in the Palatinate. But the war did not end. It got caught up in international affairs and power politics more and more. France, the Spanish Habsburgs, England, the Dutch Republic and other major European powers were quickly sucked into the conflict and because many of them were in the process of establishing colonies, they expanded the scope of the war overseas to Indonesia, Africa and the Americas. This was in part due to the fact that the trade routes to asia became less reliable and more expensive due to the Ottoman control of most of the vital ports in the mediterreanean.Because the Thirty Years’ War is usually looked at with a focus on Germany, the global aspect of the war is often neglegted. But in 1624/25 little actually happened in Germany while Globalisation, colonization and mercantilism pushed the war far beyond the German territories. That is why in this video we’re looking at the European and even global dimension of the thirty years war.
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Bibliography:
Guthrie, William, Battles of the Thirty Years War: From White Mountain to Nordlingen, 1618-1635, 2001.
Höbelt, Lothar, Von Nördlingen bis Jankau. Kaiserliche Strategie und Kriegführung 1634-1645, 2016.
Münkler, Herfried, Der Dreißigjährige Krieg, Europäische Katastrophe, deutsches Trauma 1618 - 1648, 2019.
Van Nimwegen, Olaf, The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688, 2010.
Wilson, Peter, The Thirty Years War: Europe’s Tragedy, 2009.
Ribas, Alberto Raul Esteban, The Battle of Nördlingen 1634. The Bloody Fight Between Tercios and Brigades, 2021.
Spring, Laurence, The Battle of The White Mountain 1620 and the Bohemian Revolt 1618-1622, 2018.
So, by now we published four videos on the Thirty Years’ War. What do you think about it so far? Has our series offered new perspectives on the war? Do you think longstanding arguments like “the war was religious in nature until 1625” are correct? Or was it justified that we pointed out the complex intertwining of religion and authority in the empire? In any case, thanks for watching. We appreciate all the comments, suggestions, likes and all the Patreons, people who reach out via email and critics!
This series is going to go on for the remainder of this year, so if you have any suggestions for upcoming episodes (Danish phase, Swedish phase, French phase) feel free to leave them here in the comment section.
Thanks to all of you who chose to support us financially! If someone likes to do that, currently the best way is via Pateron: www.patreon.com/sandrhomanhistory
I love them! Very straight-forward explanation of a series of complex events.
I think religion mostly shaped the alliances, the real reasons for the war were power and money from the beginning.
Imagine if the series went on for 30 years 😆
I don't know how much attention he'll get in the next video but it might be worth highlighting how important to Danish history Christian the 4th is, and why exactly he seemed like such a good pick. After defeating Sweden in a war and forcing them to pay a huge war indemnity Denmark-Norway was incredibly rich and that's reflected in his extensive building projects and made him seem like a pretty good candidate for defeating the Habsburg since he already had experience. He was more or less the ideal Baroque king.
Amazing series and I’m looking forward to more because of the depth that it goes into
Why wasn't Portugal on the map?
“According to Spain, France was in league with the devil.”
Spain was correct.
Jusrt like France with the Ottomans
For how little we hear about Spanish privateers, the Dunkirkers seem to be one of the most effective groups of privateers to ever work for a European power. That was an almost complete halt in trade!
Babe wake up, a new SandRhoman video just dropped 😩
_Literally_ the perfect relationship!
You beat me right to it babe!
literally me rn
She's dead, Jim...
Actually my relationship lol (she's a history grad student)
It's mind-blowing to think how Europe was basically uprooted of all of it's trees to make the ships for Naval superiority. The Mediterranean Forrest biome is virtually extinct
Also why coal was once seen as a reform measure that was a pro environment move. They didn´t have to cut down so many trees.
Not every wood is appropiate for ship building. The mediterranean biome had varied a little but not much in essence, tho nowadays the biospehere it's more like a maintained garden. I speak as an agro engineer, there are plenty of fossilized trees showing that most of the trees never changed here.
I appreciate the part about deforestation, it would be interesting to know where the ancient primal forests were and what we lost because of intensive shipbuilding
One of the more striking images I saw during the Tour de France was when the riders were going near some mountains that had forests up to a certain point, and then above a clear line just nothing but light-colored stone. I can't remember what the mountain range was, but the tops were deforested so badly that all the topsoil ended up washing away, leaving the bedrock underneath exposed. A striking visual, but it is likely that nothing will ever grow on those mountain tops ever again.
A lot of it would also have been due to clear cutting for agricultural use. But specifically when it comes to ship building you needed old oak trees so that hit areas that before had been ignored.
Nope, the biggest deforestation in England wasn't due to shipbuilding, it was due to the late XVII century policy of the "enclosures". Basically the common land who wasn't in the hands of the nobility was enclosured, auditioned and sold to the new rising class: the burguessy. After expelling the farmers, most of the forests were simply deforested to make space for the new land farms.
You might try the works of H.J.A. Berendsen, he's basically the god of historical geography of the landscape in western Europe. Most of his work is in Dutch. Landschap in Delen: De fysisch-geografische regio's is required reading at universities.
But I know that Palaeographic development of the Rhine-Meuse delta, the Netherlands is in English.
It gives some insight into what forest grows where, and why, and how we lost it all.
well its all out there.....but if you need to be told this stuff, sounds like you're not really interested in it or just lazy....tldr is the mantra of todays idiots
Juan Claros Pérez de Guzmán y Gómez Silva, marquis of Fuentes and captain general of the Armada de Flandes, made up of 12 galleons and 8 frigates, captured from its base in Dunkirk between 1635 and 1639 more than 800 Dutch, English and French ships.
which is cool but since it happened after the Spanish Armada defeat, it was basically a moot point and did next to nothing in changing geo political politics
@@ravinraven6913 Are you aware that after the defeat of the Spanish armada in 1588, the English sent a large armada that was defeated for Spain, allowing the Spanish Empire to rebuild its fleet and maintain hegemony of the seas?
@@ImperatorHispaniaHegemony is a bit of an overstatement. The Dutch were more than a challenge for Spain. The Downs in 1639 was only the final nail in the coffin
@@5thMilitia I only agree with you that the turning point was The Downs, not the great armada of 1588. And although Spain lost its hegemony, it continued to be one of the main naval powers.
"Resulted piracy,🏴☠️ ☠️ 🦜
One of the most underrated history channels on CZcams
if only people could say this in a different way, if you're like..10 I understand. Just seems like people are losing the ability to properly express themselves outside childish means...for instance when people say like and um a lot, or super...just shows a diminished lexicon and an inability to proper communicate.
I would have said This is the best underground history channel....under rated means that people have seen it and decided to dislike it instead of like it...This can't be under rated if people most haven't even seen it.
and if they have then there's something really wrong, like the OP is a criminal or something. You can be the best in your field, but if you touch....people then you deserve zero attention, and then it wouldn't be under rated at all...
but if you don't think this channel gets enough attention why don't you go around and share the channel?
@@ravinraven6913 That’s crazy I don’t remember asking
I’m addicted to this thirty years war content
Thank you for this series, and all your work.
very eagerly soaking up all your content on this time period. thanks so much and i do hope this series continues!! :D
Wow, I loved the video, you have given a greater level of context to the conflict than is usually explained in the other history channels on CZcams, because the war was more than just the theater of operations in Germany itself, since It is perhaps the first global conflict in history. Another thing that I liked is that this video can be used as the basis to explain many other topics in the future, for example, talking in more detail about the Dunkerke Corsairs, the 80-year War in the Pacific Ocean, the Iberian Union (the Spanish conquest of Portugal, which many do not know from what I see in the comments) and the last phases of the French War of Religion (you already made a video of the Siege of Rochelle, but one about the war is missing).
What an amazing video! It's very interesting to understand the larger context and your narration and graphics are awe inspiring!
Awesome as always, hope you continue this series
never heard of that despite knowing quite a bit about the war. Cool that you cover all of it and not just the years of Gustavus Adolphus like other channels (looking at you kings and generals who literally glossed over 90% of the war).
Yes, exactly, that's the reason why I didn't like how Kings and Generals covered the conflict, in a way that was too superficial to really understand the dimensions that this war had in European history. A War that had several contenders and phases, in addition to the fact that the real protagonists were the French, instead of the Swedes.
Do you remember those times when Spain was the most feared country in Europe, which turned Protestants, Catholics and Muslims against it?
As Machiavelli said, the more divided a region is the easier it is to enter there but the harder it will be to establish total control.
No state could establish total control over the Germany states regardless of the amount of fighting.
With France guaranteeing all these protestant states I can only imagine the Huguenots had a very hard time getting any help from the outside.
The french wars of religion (and its 3 million death toll...) had already ended at this point, the french protestants weren't really as powerful as they once were. But when those wars were going on, many foreign states actually supported the Huguenots. Or any civil war that could weaken France really.
It's amazing, what a total void this Era in Time is to me and how utterly enlightening and fascinating this video was, also kudos to the fantastic production quality and work, thank you very much!
Wohoo more thirty years wars series keep up the good work sandrhoman!
Thanks for the video! Lots of new information for me that painted a more complex picture of the early years of the war.
Very cool to see your animation quality increase over the years ❤
Overall a very worthy contribution considering its length. Will look forward to further installments.
How have I missed that for four days?
Curse you YT!
Thank you SandRhoman! :)
Same😂
Thank you for the zoomed out economic and political view of this time period. Easy to see things as isolated.
Excellent as usual !
Incredible documentary as always, thank you!
This video is answering a question I never thought I would crave an answer for :D
Fantastic video! Please more
good stuff as always!
Excellent. Learnt something new.
Very good video. I would only mention that Portugal was not an independant during that period, but part of Spain. Hence it's inability to defend the overseas territories.
It wasn't a part of Spain but merely in personal union under Spain. That's important because it formally kept its own navy, army, colonies etc. Of course Portuguese foreign policy was now handled by Madrid, but much of the internal and colonial governance remained in hands of the Portuguese. Thus, there is no mistake in the video.
Amazing video!
The fact I've never heard of this channel till just now is either a shortcoming or a miracle of the CZcams algorithm Gods 😅
I wish this channel made more videos. Its one of my favorite.
you should be happy they don't then....because it wouldn't be one of your favorite if they started cutting corners just to make more videos..the quality would tank
If you're familiar with the quality of Invicta's documentaries, this gentleman does that but for Early Modern Europe. I love these!
Nicely done video
Yep. Love these 😊
Thank you for covering such a important part of our history (I live in Norway).
Finally! An explanation for why Catholic France sided with the Protestants abroad while persecuting French Protestants at home.
I haven’t watched yet but I always thought it was for “*raison d'etat*”
Because they were almost completely surrounded by Habsburgs in Spain and the Low Countries and northern Italy. To knock them down a peg since they were very well poised to become the “universal monarchy” of Europe always feared
After all, they don't say that French religion is Francolicism for no reason
@@StaszkoProductions123 A bit unfair I feel, since every nation fights first and foremost for its own interest, and it's still true to this day.
@@HUMBLE0BSERVER That's not attack on the French, just a funny thing considering that for 2 decades country was being run by a cardinal
Your statement that French protestants were persecuted under the reign of Louis XIII is inaccurate (could use a stronger word…). French protestants enjoyed then freedom of faith. What the king and his prime minister, the cardinal de Richelieu, could not tolerate was letting them control parts of the country with their own rules and own armed forces. At the end of the siege of La Rochelle, when this semi-independent protestant stronghold felt to the royal forces, their freedom of faith was preserved...
Cool video thanks
Love the Richelieu-target practice 😁
This video is an excellent example of the saying "history does not happen in a vacuum". Events in one part of the world can have direct or indirect effects on the other side of the globe. Traditionally, history is studied in a compartmentalised way (for example, the 30 years war is usually "just" European history), and we don't usually link them with events in other parts of the world.
Well said. I guess in the 20th century it was often seen as a German conflict instead of an international (or arguably even somewhat global) conflict. It makes little sense considering that events in the Netherlands (Breda), France (la Rochelle), Roylal Prussia & Livonia (Pol.-Swed. war), Hungary (Bethlen), Italy (Casale, Mantua) and the overseas colonies played a vital role in the war.
Yes. The most mindblowing example I've seen is Zhang Qian finding the Silk Road & the War of the Heavenly Horses. Basically the Han dynasty, having trouble dealing with the Xiongnu nomads to its north (why is it always the steppe peoples causing trouble for everyone), send Zhang Qian on a mission to travel westwards to find allies against them. Zhang Qian ended up travelling to the Ferghana valley, under the Greco-Bactrians in central Asia which marked the easternmost limits of the Hellenstic world (due to Alex the Great's conquests). He could not persuade the Yuezhi, who had settled there, to fight the Xiongnu, so he returned to China with reports of "heavenly horses" that were extremely fast and powerful. The Emperor then dispatched a general with lots of men, and after one failed attempt they later conquered the region and brought back 3000 of these horses. It is said that Red Hare, Lu Bu's horse (he is a famous brutish general in Romance of the Three Kingdoms) is descended from these Ferghana horses. So it's mindblowing how the Chinese and Hellenstic worlds are connected. The unexpected connections between this historical event and the famous horse that appears in folklore is also pretty cool.
@@silverchairsg The connection *might* also go back the other way as well as there is a theory that the Xiongnu are the ancestors of the Huns and it was their defeat by the Chinese that caused the migration west wards which would eventually bump into the Roman Empire. Though I think the connection is very slim and there's no clear evidence. But it's an interesting example to consider if nothing else.
A Serbian teenager shot an archduke in Bosnia. Result: Japan annexes ports in Oceania and invades half of Siberia.
I think this was a brilliant video, that made me see with more understanding the novellas; Captain Alatriste by Arturo Perez-Reverte and The three musketeers by Alexandre Dumas.
This has been an amazing year for 30 years war content.
This is _staggering_ !!!
Nope , you are third and unlike the first two, wrote nothing of interest.
Beste Videos :) als Karlsruher ist es immer cool, wenn der Markgraf von Baden-Durlach dabei ist!
Der Teil über die Arten von Holz die für Schiffbau nötig waren und wo sie her kamen auch super interessant!
Mate if you did a couple videos on the Medici and Florence that’d be sick x
14:59
He was born around smoke and salt…
A dragon grown up by a wolf…
The King in the North!
oh wait wrong movie
Great!
Fun fact: The original tyrant king of the south from the book of Daniel was the ptolomaic pharoahs and the savior king of the north was Antiochus III who liberated the Jews.
1:40, Something that had never been taught at school back then, not from my experience during our history lesson.
This is fascinating. I'm not familiar with this period of history, and there are so many new things to learn. I also find the global angle very fascinating, and how this war had so many consequences downstream and around the world. Having seen this, now I want a global dimension video on literally every single war and event in history!!!
Also, can you do a video on Clausewitz? I know he's one of the big cheeses in military strategy, but I never quite got around to reading him. Maybe a video on his historical background and the context in which he formulated his military doctrine (for context is one of the best ways to understand a work), and some illustrations of situations that highlighted the importance of this doctrine?
Hey, thanks for the comment! There's a relatively new appraoch to histoy called "world history" that is quite popular in universities at the moment. It puts lots of emphasis on going beyond single states, cultures, and regions, including movements (of peoples, cultures, commodities, diseases, and ideas), cross-cultural contact, and exchange. Given its popularity, there will likely be lots of that coming to CZcams at some point.
Eventually we will cover Clauswitz, I think.
@@SandRhomanHistory Wow!!! Though knowing academia, I bet eventually the tide will turn and the fashion will revert to local particularities and small-scale history. It's like Hegel's dialectic. Thesis, antithesis, eventually resolving when the professor finally gets Absolute Tenure. 😆
@@silverchairsg Well a lot of the time it's also just about the availability of data and the tools to process them.
What I find remarkable about so many of these videos about the wars of religion is that the Catholic leaders (well, except France) often fought for religion, while many of the Protestant leaders seemed to make no reference to it (though their armies would still use it in a battle cry).
That's possibly because theology was a key point of Catholic dominance over European courts and the world. It was a main driver of their colonization efforts, their cultural wars. While for the Protestants, exactly the subversion of theology as a means of conquer was desired, as it weakened the Catholic power; for them the weaker the theology, the weaker was the hold of their culture by the Catholics, as theology was a Catholic way of warfare. As illustrated through actions by Bohemian, Venetian, British and Dutch scholars afterward, their means of domination was through the systems of reason, in opposition to the systems of myth laid by the Catholic Empire.
@@Cecil_Augus while I appreciate the claim that Prots have weak theology, this seems to miss the point? Perhaps I'm just missing what you're saying, but Protestant princes largely supported the Reformation in order to confiscate Church land, especially monastic land. That's part of the reason why larger and wealthier nations tend to stay Catholic - maintaining stability in their nation was more important than some money, even for those (like France) who displayed little religious conviction.
@@DavidLodgeclassof The French had plenty of religious conviction, internally. They were pretty harsh towards their own protestants (the Huguenots). But internationally, their rivalry with the Habsburgs prevailed. They tended to back everyone who fought the Habsburgs, no matter their religion.
@@theo-dr2dz true. "Paris is worth a mass", after all. I credit their internal religiosity to their people, and their international faithlessness to their leadership.
Could you do a video on south East Asian colonisation in the Indian Ocean during the 16th and 17th century ?
Strange - I didn't get notified when this video came out. This also happened with other historical channels that I subscrive on with all notifications on. What's up with CZcams???
Excellent video!
But what's the Spanish territory in the middle of France at 8:41? I feel I'm missing something.
Charolais
@@fancyfouchard3491 Thanks, I never heard of it. Seems like I've something new to look into!
Taured or Tartaria, lol :D
The complicated nature of England's alliances is demonstrated by its support for the Dutch in the early 1620s with men and money while at the same time the Dutch East India Company was encroaching on English interests and actually massacred English colonists and traders at Amboyna in 1623. Similarly the 'Spanish match,' ultimately unsuccessful, was played out against open English support for the United Netherlands in its war against Spain. James I's support for his son in law Fredrick of Palatine was precariously balanced (or unbalanced) by his natural Hispanophilia.
In other words, It's probably wrong to call the Seven Years War the "Real First World War" since the Thirty Years War came before it.
Technically the seven years war was the second world war.
The Eighty Years War is the first, than the 30 Years War, the Anglo-Dutch Wars, the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years War, the War of the Spanish Succession, the War if the Austrian Succesion and then the Seven Years War
@@5thMilitia Feels like a bit to much IMHO. The global / European wide part of the 80s year war is basically the 30 years war. The fact there are small fleet actions all over the world does not constitute a global war, even if that results in 500 pop colonial settlements being conquered.
Same goes for anglo Dutch wars, etc. Major actions where considerably more local and fought with mostly 'local population or mercenaries.
Note that Sandrhoman mentions the global dimension, not claiming this is actually WW -1
@@Tuning3434 I agree. I think the first world war is ww1, but the Seven Years War is not by any metric the first. Although the Eighty Years War is the first fought on a global scale
One man is not mentioned, Père Joseph, Richelieus confessor and his ambassador. Père Joseph was a capuchin monk dressed in his grey habit. This monk first planned to start a new crusade to free the Holy Land. When the Spanish King refused to support this plan Père Joseph became obsessed in fighting the Habsburgs. He was around at nearly all important meetings in the Holy Roman Empire, i. e. he insinuated the bavarian elector to force the Emperor to dismiss Wallenstein. He was the man whom the people of his time called the grey eminence which became a synonym for a man performing covered missions to gain a secret control over the political actions. The Emperor Ferdinand II. once said this monk had all the electors in his grey hood. Père Joseph used his connections inside the Capuchin Order to create a secret network all over Europe. So this Order became the most powerful counterpart to the Jesuit Order which had its strongholds in the Habsburg territories.
I never heard of him before but it's quite ironic considering that France became growingly allied with the Ottomans against the Habsburgs. Sure: the Spanish Crown had settled for an arrangement with the Turks, splitting the Mediterranean in two much to the dismay of the Venetians, but what kind of crusade had Joseph in mind: for the Balcans?, for North Africa?, for Palestine maybe?
Anyway, what would the Iberians had to gain from it when they already had their own routes to the Spice Islands and the Chinese source of silk fabric, which were the actual goal of the Crusades somehow?
I'm a bit puzzled regarding the naval blockade of the Netherlands. It is a fairly small area of water, so one should think it possible for the fleets of England, Netherlands, Denmark-Norway and the Hanseatic League to police it and shut down the pirates?
Dunkirk was surrounded by sandbanks so the pirates could fairly easy slip out in their fast frigates. And blockades were very difficult to effectively do in Early Modern Europe already
After watching this im in the mood for a bit of Dogtanian and the 3 Muskerhounds.
I didn't know about "the Spanish match" and I'm a bit perplex on how the Spanish Crown squandered that opportunity to shift alliances on its favor. There must be something more than just religious intolerance, more so when the Church of England never really ceased to be somewhat Catholic.
The future Charles I and the Duke of Buckingham cut a clumsy figure operating incognito. This may not have been what ruined the match, but it certainly didn't help.
Would you do a video about the Dunkirk Privateers?
maybe!
@@SandRhomanHistory Thanks for replying!
In our Dutch History at school, the Dunkirk Privateers are only once mentioned I think.
Battle of Nieuwpoort 1600 😀
@@AudieHolland we have a section on them in our video on s'hertogenbosch and (even a smaller part) in the video about Piet Hein! That's all I can offer for now, I guess :P
@@SandRhomanHistory Thanks, I know. The Dunkirk Privateers are always in the background, as some classical villain 🙂
"Like pirates?" 🏴☠️ ☠️ 🦜
Basically ww2 is ww4 as a world wide conflict in itself.
Exactly
Idk man, to me it's World War 6
1. Thirty years war
2. War of the Spanish Succession + Great Northern War
3. Seven Years' War
4. French Revolutionary Wars
5. World War 1
6. World War 2
@@qwertytypewriter2013do you count the Napoleonic wars in the French revolutionary section? Cuz otherwise they should be their own section
I feel like the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars are two phases of the same World War.@@ethanallan1254
I'd like to see more 15th century content.
In contrast with the title, the facts about the war outside Europe were relatively underdeveloped. Won´t you do Part II?
Probably not. Mostly due to the fact that we don't know how to "sell" it on CZcams. This series is already a risk and doing a video without a clear marketing strategy has often backfired for us, so for now we won't do a follow-up even if it would be interesting (well, for us at least).
I just remembered that our videos on Piet Hein and the siege of s'hertogenbosch might offer some perspective on that question. The video on Piet Hein covers the Dutch capture of the Spanish treasure fleet (coming from the Americas) which was very important how the siege of s'hertogenbosch played out.
@@SandRhomanHistory I saw them. But, what could CZcams have against the clashes between Dutch and Spanish/Portugal, say, at Malacca Straits? Or the pirates at Spanish Main?
4:28 why does the coast of Belgium always have a large chunk of land added to it on your maps? I don't think this is the first time either. England and the HRE are practically touching :o
@Ferbujosbe It's ok as long as our Netherlands don't touch
That part of Flanders became French only in 1659.
Can you tak about the reapers war?
I am about to release my own video on it! Hopefully tomorrow
thirty years war still being fought in northern ireland, after a quiet spell looks like it might be heating up again
For a Dutch protestant the Northern Iris protestants are embarrassing. Misuse of the name and colour orange. The Dutch house of orange never supported oppression of Catholic people, which always constituted a large part of the population. William the Silent , the founding father of the Netherlands and great grandfather of William III, who is so revered by the organists, was Catholic in his young years.
Yes it did. And William of orange was a Jewish puppet
I just got off a FaceTime call with my misses so I can watch this
Metz, Toul and Verdun were already occupied by France from 1552 and indefinitely to today. The map of Lorraine and the Trois Évêchés was a titchy more complicated than what appears here.
I really like this episode and I am saying that because like the 30 years war was a major reason why my ancestors and many other Germans left Germany and settled in america and like my ancestors escaped from Germany because of the effects of the war and also they were somewhat scared that another big event like the thirty years war would strike the part of Germany where they lived which is the palatinate area.
So early? Where did they settle: Pennsylvania? Overall I understand that most German (and European in general) emigration happened already in the 19th century, which is sometimes called "the whitening of America" (and not just the USA, also Latin America).
@@LuisAldamiz they settled in Pennsylvania first around Philadelphia and then eventually moved out towards Gettysburg.
When did your ancestors leave Germany/the Palatinate? As a fellow Pfälzer or "Palatine", I know that it was also heavily devastated during the Nine Years War from 1688 to 1697.
@@notalecguinness3221 well you see they originally came from Switzerland but during the war some of my ancestors moved north up the Rhine but like my ancestors from the palatinate immigrated to the us in 1753 in fear of another major war like the thirty years war that’s all I know about them but I do know that they came from a village that used to be part of the palatinate but not anymore and the village is called dertingen and it’s right outside of wurzburg.
6:56 I am sorry to inform you that Finland was neither an independent actor nor an emerging power at this time in history.
I was wondering why he said that when it wasn’t even on his own map. I think he meant Sweden
Finland was one of the four core lands of Sweden. One speaks of Italy or Germany, although those were made of multiple little nations. Or Denmark-Norway. Although the kingdom's name was Sweden, Finland made 1/3 of it and Finland's biggest city was 2nd biggest in the kingdom. You can certainly use the name of Finland, if you are speaking of that land specifically.
I think though he just confused with Sweden and Finland accidentally.
A slip.
But he‘s talking about the Baltic trade, in which Finnish Ports will have definitely been a factor. Plus, like people said, being a constituent nation of Sweden doesn‘t make it less of a country. Portugal wasn‘t fully sovereign at this time either, and these are arguably still Feudal dependencies, which can be very soft.
2:58 Laos in Siam? That pains me so much.
why......the old maps are a bit different than the current boundaries from today...Siam rules, Cause they kicked all the bad guys in their jewels!
I believe it was the case. Later French colonialism "fixed" that however.
Cant wait for the Lion of the North Gustavus
Awesome how they resisted that long against pretty much everyone in Europe and the Mediterranian
the map shown az 7:05 broke something in my brain.
Why?
One blue is Sweden, another blue is the Baltic sea. But which is which? :D
@@notalecguinness3221 - I see a very clear difference, are you color blind maybe?
@@LuisAldamiz It was already a joke in the starting comment, how could you missed it? ;)
@@notalecguinness3221 - I still don't understand what he meant, sry. What is wrong with that map?
Emerging powers like Finland?
Obviously a slip. Meant Sweden. But not sorry about the slip, coz Finland is seldom mentioned. And the kingdom should have been called Sweden-Finland for real. That's how we Finns call it in Finnish: Ruotsi-Suomi.
This really puts into perspective why so many countries tried to influence the 30 Years War.
Do a video about CARTAGENA DE INDIAS
Carthage in India?
Much better would be a video about the great siege of Gibraltar 1779-1783!
@@nibiru27 long story short
Cartagena is a city in Spain that was founded by the Carthaginians (the name is inspired by Carthage).
Cartagena de Indias is a city founded in the West Indies (America) by the Spanish (the name is inspired by the city of Cartagena in Spain).
There is no dutch city called Renon or Rennen or anything like it..
Rhenen
Why isn't this war then regaded as some sort of world war?
Well because it wasn't. There was a global dimension to the war but most of the actual fighting took place in Europe. Also, most of the fighting outside of Europe was done by Europeans. Places like India, China, Japan etc. were not involved.
However, there is ongoing debate on this. For example, many point to the 7 years' war as the first global conflict and then there are those who say the Napoleonic War was the first world war. One of my professors, Stig Förster, was big on this. He labelled the Napoleonic Wars as "World War" (in sense of World War 0) in contrast to World War I and II.
In the end it depends how many states / nations / countries / empires are involved, I guess.
For the same reasons the 7 years war isn't
@@SandRhomanHistory Thank you very much for the explanation. You're the best.👌
@@SandRhomanHistory I would consider a "World War" not in terms of nations involved but on how many peoples of the world had to suffer their consequences. If the war ends up causing casualties, destruction of cities and significant demographic shifts in all continents (although just to specific peoples of those continents) in one way or the other then it can be considered a "World War"
the same reason most wars after that weren't....they never called anything a world war, WW1 was the Great war....the only reason theyd need to call it a world war is if it was worse than the Great war....which it was.
With your logic, the world is in a world war right now....but its not, why? Logic....
6:58 Finland?!
Scotland is not coloured in?
in Spain my history teacher said that this is the war of the "hornet's nest that is Germany" and the emergence of the "anti-spanish&catholic propaganda and all the others that the Nuremberg demon created" LOL Great video btw
lol Viva Cristo Rey!
So basicly Germany always caught off in a Large war since the past, got it 👍
Because of france this time, not Austria
@@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014 Germany has always been dragged into a large war because of France. Always.
I do find it unbelievable for King James to convert to Catholicism.
And good to see Philippines and Scotland have the same courtship tradition, just dont do it unannounced.
11:54 I don‘t think we need to go to all this trouble to explain the ideological contradiction of France opposing their fellow Catholics. They‘re both big empires, and big empires have to feed the blob. It‘s not that they want to, it‘s that they have to. That means they will gobble up any helpless piece of land they can get but also that they will fight the other big empires for access to resources, regardless of ideology. A more powerful neighbor is a big, big threat, even if he happens to be the same denomination as you are.
Of course Catholic Habsburg Spain with its massive colonial and feudal possessions in Europe and abroad, and with close links to the Habsburg emperors of Germany was a much bigger threat than Protestant Holland, Sweden or even England. Of course Richelieu has to take steps to weaken them, he‘d be stupid not to.
Actually, all the other major powers are essentially in the same position: Spain is too powerful to leave unopposed, and at the same time not powerful enough to stop the other states from uniting against them. An unfortunate combination.
The ties between Austrian and Spanish Habsburg's were not as strong as many think. The Dutch conflict was resisted heavily by most of the Austrian military brass, but the Spanish contingent convinced Ferdinand into action which split the support of the remaining Catholic princes in the Rhineland.
@@Ayo-hf9xd and yet they did consistently intervene. The French definitely had reason to feel threatened especially with Spain’s continental ambitions.
@@Ayo-hf9xd if by „their ties were not that strong“ you mean „they didn‘t act as a unit and their interests didn‘t always align“ then that is certainly true, but also beside the point. The danger isn‘t that they were or acted like one country, but that Austria was acting as a client state of Spain. That was undoubtedly a realistic, and the 30-YW certainly had elements of that. If those tendencies solidified and especially if that Client state were to gain full control of Germany, that would have been really, really bad news for France. Richelieu was doing the smart thing.
@@raylast3873 Which ones?
@@angelcamachodelsolar all of them
I don't know about 30years war was a global war? Thank you sandrohman history. can you plese add hijaz iraq to the ottoman map!
you mean you didn't know, didn't is pass tense, don't is current...why not? The sun never set on the English empire, did you think the rest of the English colonial possessions would have been left out? The real first global war was more in the 1800s, but this is what set it up to happen. The french were at war with Great Brittan about a hundred years later, in a war called The French and Indian War. If it wasn't a global issue, the colonies of north America wouldn't have had any fighting if it was just France Vs Great Britain
you want him to add something to a map created by someone else?
You're probably right, I'm pretty sure that it was already Ottoman and not Saffavid by these dates.
King of the North... Wow
yea, who knew people of today stole most of their stuff from the past...well other than intelligent people who have studied the past...of course.
Why is Morocco not represented on this map
Morocco was a allied to the Ottoman Empire, not actual land administered by the ottomans.
@@OgrimMetal Ofcourse, im asking why it isnt represented as its own polity, it was quite a large state.
because it did not exist
@@chrisaustin7644 The Saadi and Alawite dynasties were around and strong, hence the ottomans arent depicted covering it.
Probably because they were not a serius country, mostly a tribal dominated region same as the rest of african territories.
finally
How did the Habsburgs come to power in spain anyway?
Marriage. Philip the Handsome, the son of German-Roman emperor Maximilian I, married the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, Joanna. Their son Charles I inherited the thrones of Castille and Aragon ("Total Spain") and was later elected "King in Germany" and emperor as successor of his grandfather.
@@patrickpleil223 King in Germany or of Germany?
A long term planned dynastic operation by the Trastamaras of Aragon, who drooled for growing power all around (Italy, Castile, Navarre, etc. but also wanted to become Emperor and were frustrated for not getting that title). In the end the marriage of Juana "the mad" (denied last one of the Trastamaras) and Philip "the handsome" (Habsburg ruling the Burgundian crown) made a monster: Charles V, who was basically Flemish but ruled over a huge empire, both in Europe (four merged crowns and the HRE by extension) and abroad (all the Castilian colonial empire in America and the Philippines, as well as some posessions in North Africa).
The strongman of Castile, Great Inquisitor and Cardinal Cisneros had to quell a patriotic Castilian uprising against the foreign monarch and his Flemish court (Comuneros uprising). When asked by the rebels, who represented the Castilian parliament, which powers he had to deny them, he infamously showed them the army statioed outside and proclaimed: "these are my powers". Civil war ensued and the Castilian patriots were defeated and executed, Castile then becoming one of the first absolutists regimes in Early Modern Europe (this did not apply to other dynastic posessions like Catalonia or Holland however, not yet).
@@stephanaugust1101 The official title was "Elected Roman Emperor, Semper Augustus, King in Germany" ("Erwählter Römischer Kaiser, Allzeit Mehrer des Reiches, König in Germanien").
@@patrickpleil223 Danke! Allzeit Mehrer des Reiches war wohl etwas optimistisch bei den meisten xD
3:55 wait, this lady started a world war rather than marry a guy. Respecc
How many people died in the war exactly?
about half a million in combat, but anywhere from 4 to 8 million if you include soldiers and civilians dying from disease and starvation caused by the war destroying entire regions
@@CuteKiller313 4-8 million is a large margin. Most of the dying was performed by the peasants living the countryside.
Too many, 90% of german families lost their family records in 1630s, not even ww2 did that
By percentage of the population killed, the 30 years war is the deadliest conflict in European history. Even more deadly than the world wars.
The reason Portugal lost it's east Indies Colonies was because during the dinastic union with Spain, the Spanish didn't want to waste their resources on what they didn't work for. Brazil for stategic reasons was defended.
Why did Portugal lose its colonies while supported by Spain?
where is portugal with is huge empire
At the time it was under the King of Spain and part of the Iberian Union, so in a sense Spain had de facto control of Portugal and all of its empire. I believe Spain conquered Portugal in the Portuguese War of Succession in 1580 and lost it in the Portuguese Restoration War in 1640. The Iberian Union lasted 60 years.
The Dutch-Portuguese war only happened because Spain was the enemy of the Dutch and Portugal was part of it.
ok@@qwertytypewriter2013
Ah yes, the original World War.
This series is so much better than trash like Kings & Generals who only go for clickbaity celebrities like Gustavus Adolphus and barely explain the war
I lost a lot of respect for them when they were like "resist the evil Russians" when the Ukraine war started last year. For a history channel you'd think they would have outgrown simplistic black-and-white thinking.
They portrayed the war well. Don't comment if you have not watched.
@@silverchairsg
Are you crazy? Being against Russia was their redeeming quality after Kings&Generals donated $ 500 to racists and terrorists in 2020.
The Ukraine war is one of the few black&white wars. You're either with Putin and his sick desire for conquest and extreme genocide or you're with Ukraine and the rest of the world. A club populated by everyone except Eritrea, Zimbabwe, North Korea and well Russia obviously.
@@genovayork2468 Oh but I did watch it, and it was shit
@@andreascovano7742 This guy didn't even show the global component in the video, a video supposedly about this. I got to give it to K&G, knowing they don't even specialize in the Early Modern Era.