Danish Intervention: Wallenstein's Rise | Thirty Years War 5
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- čas přidán 10. 06. 2023
- The events unfolding in 1625 changed the nature of the Thirty Years’ War drastically. Previously, Protestants and Catholics had fought both for religious reasons and political authority in the Holy Roman Empire. Now, economics and international power politics were becoming the major driving forces. This led Denmark-Norway to enter the war on the Protestant side. It was the richest state in Europe at the time, and supposedly able to buy the military forces to defeat the Holy Roman Emperor. The Danish King, Christian IV, styled himself as the god-sent liberator of German protestants, but he was in fact mainly interested in expanding his political power in northern Germany and also in remaining in control of the Baltic Maritime Trade, probably the most lucrative trade route at the time.
In this video we look at what is referred to as the Danish Intervention in the Thirty Years’ War. This phase of the war was characterized by the rapid rise of figures such as Wallenstein and increasing intertwining of politics, religion, and economics.
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Bibliography:
Guthrie, William, Battles of the Thirty Years War: From White Mountain to Nordlingen, 1618-1635, 2001.
Clifford, J. R., The military revolution debate. Readings on the military transformation of early modern Europe, 1995.
Clifford, J. R., Tactics and the Face of Battle, in: Tallet, F., (editor), European Warfare 1350-1750.
Frost, R., Northern Wars, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721, 2000.
Höbelt, Lothar, Von Nördlingen bis Jankau. Kaiserliche Strategie und Kriegführung 1634-1645, 2016.
Münkler, Herfried, Der Dreißigjährige Krieg, Europäische Katastrophe, deutsches Trauma 1618 - 1648, 2019.
Parker, C., The Cambridge History of Warfare, 2005.
Roberts, M., Gustav Adolf and the Art of War (first printed 1955), in: Essays on Swedish History, 1967.
Rady, M., The Habsburgs, 2020.
Ribas, Alberto Raul Esteban, The Battle of Nördlingen 1634. The Bloody Fight Between Tercios and Brigades, 2021.
Spring, Laurence, The Battle of The White Mountain 1620 and the Bohemian Revolt 1618-1622, 2018.
Van Nimwegen, Olaf, The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688, 2010.
Von essen, M. F., The Lion from the North: Volume 1+2 The Swedish Army of Gustavus Adolphus, 2020.
Wilson, Peter, The Thirty Years War: Europe’s Tragedy, 2009.
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what are you guys teaching there?
On the map of Sweden Björneborg is misspelled as 'Bjöneborg', also Jönköping is missing its öös. Also I would suggest having Åbo (Turku) there instead of Björneborg (Pori). One key aspect often overlooked regarding Sweden at this time is that people often think about the country as being a 'north-to-south' country (because it is like so on the map today) but during this time with Finland and the other areas in the east, one should think about Sweden as a 'west-to-east' country instead.
Small correction to 6:52: The Lower Saxon Circle wasn't dominated by Brandenburg, the Electorate of Brandenburg was like Saxony part of the Upper Saxon Circle. The Lower Saxon Circle was mostly comprised of Welf territories like the Principality of Calenberg and the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. To my understanding, the Welf dukes acted rather opportunisticly during the war, regularly switching sides between the Protestants and the Emperor, and maintaining neutrality if possible. The "Mad Halberstädter" Christian of Brunswick was probably not their most typical representative.
In the map around 14:59 there is Bremerhaven on the map. The city of Bremerhaven was only founded on May 1. 1827, after the city of Bremen bought the land to build a new port.
Would you guys be able to do a video on some of the smaller battles during the Swedish intervention, such as Oldendorf, Steinau and Pfaffenhofen?
Wallenstein really was a typical Mount&Blade player.
I was thinking crusader kings but yeah that guy was on a mission
*Fire & Sword*
LMAOOOO
Hahaha, best comment of the day 😂
I was thinking his play style sounded similar 😂
As a Dane, King Christian IV is by far the most well known and popular king among the Danish populace. He was the personal architect and/or buildmaster of many national landmark buildings. However, his massive failures in the 30 Years War and the subsequent Torstensson-feud - in which he had to cede some areas to Sweden - bankrupted the country and turned Denmark from a major European power, into an almost destitute nation with little to no influence.
denmark qas never a major european power
And less than a hundred years later, Charles XII of my own country of Sweden would land us in basically the same boat 😆 If only our nations had cooperated back then I wonder how things could've turned out
@@guzelataroach4450 Oh, but they were. Christian IV was supposedly the richest monarch of his time, before the 30 Years War intervention. Also, you can't put a tax on basically the entire Baltic trade without considerable maritime power and political influence. Earlier in history, during the Kalmar Union, Denmark effectively governed most of the Scandinavian territory, not to mention Greenland. Even earlier still, Knud the Great was King of Denmark, Norway and England, sometimes known as the North Sea Empire. In short, Denmark has been a major European power several times throughout history.
@@Paveway-chan Indeed, if only. They did for a time during the Kalmar Union. And now we have a bridge between our countries. Also, over 10 thousand Danes own some sort of summer residence in Sweden. Nobody, neither Swede nor Dane, would have believed that 200 years ago.
@@MasterFatness the economy and fleet of King Christian IV combide with the military of Gustav II Adolf. What a sight it could have been.
There's something fascinating about a French cardinal supporting a protestant war against Catholics, while crushing a protestant revolt in his own lands.
Talk of hypocrisy 😂
Just goes to show that religion is worth exactly *nothing*
30 years war would be such a good total war game
lesson of the day:
Don't inspect city defenses whilst being drunk.
The escalation of the early Thirty Year's War wouldn't have been possibe if Emperor Ferdinand II had possessed his own army to fight his wars. Every time he had to borrow someone elses' power, it backfired in the form of more enemies. His dependence on Bavaria and Spain started Protestant resistance in the HRE (outside of Bohemia) and gave reason for foreign intervention in the first place. Using Wallenstein and compensating him with Protestant territory wasn't that helpful in the long run either. This war really teached rulers to build standing armies that they could actually pay and control.
That's partly why the military organisation of the Empire was reformed after the treaty of Westphalia. Still, the resistance of the estates to more central power was always strong
You should made a complete video on the Thirty Years War.
Yaaaass
I've watched a ton of videos on the 30 years war, and read a lot to try to figure out the HRE ( as well as a lot of Paradox Games ), but this video is one of the best. Your maps showing the various territories of the various interests are really clear and they make it clear why battle X happened at place Y. Thanks for your contribution to the study of one of histories most brutal wars
Retreating to the islands and relying on the navy to keep the enemy at bay and eventually drag things out until a satisfactory peace is brokered is a classic Danish strategy.
Well... You need to have the weather with you. It did not work when the Swedes advanced through Germany, up Jutland, and crossed the frozen belts to Sealand and laid siege to Copenhagen.
Works only if you won´t get ice on those sunds.
Christian IV of Denmark was a prince of the HRE as Duke of Holstein. He was descended from the German House of Oldenburg, which had ruled Denmark since 1448. His wife, mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, they were all German princesses. At the court in Copenhagen, German was spoken more than Danish. These were probably all reasons why Christian IV was so interested in what was going on in Germany.
I am from Vienna Austria and used to live near the "Wallensteinplatz" a public square named after him .
I had a History teacher in school who told us his story and this is what got me interested in history . Such an interesting story and contradictory character
I know that there is a need to simplify to keep the video on point but the swedish danish war in the lappland was not really about the sound toll, (that's what they fought about in the south) but about the taxation rights of the native nomadic sampi poulation, because the borders between Norway and Sweden weren't defined both sides extorted taxes from the same population. The complicated terrain and the non-developed infrastructure wouldn't have allowed a profitable trade over the scandic mountains.
Overall a very interesting and educating video, looking forward to the continuation of this series!
Slight mistake at 15:00. The map shows the city of Bielefeld, which we all know does not exist.
Is this some kind of german joke about city that exist but not for memes or what?
@@tomaszmurzyn9123 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielefeld_conspiracy
That’s what the Freemasons want you to think.
@@10gamer64 as i assumed xD
@@tomaszmurzyn9123yeah, we have something similar in Italy.
Amazing video as always, hope to see more
LOVE THESE VIDEOS. Please more
Always quality, thanks lads.
Once again interesting maps, animations, explanations, and informations... 👍👍
this is legit my new fave series now. so amazing and eye opening. i love how you guys tried to connect all the major events together.
I was waiting this video for a while, a proper animated video covering this phase of the conflict. Keep up the amazing work!
Excellent video, thank you!
Thank you for always bringing content with so much quality❤
Incredible documentary as always, thank you!
Great work ! I can't wait for more content about 30 y war.
Finally, I was waiting for you to take out this part, which is usually the most ignored part of the war in documentaries, it is surprising how disastrous the Danish intervention was, although the solutions that Ferdinand II found to deal with a problem instantly created many others and it is true that as they said about Anibal: "you know how to win the battles, but not the war" (in his case it would be knowing that others win their battles, but not doing what is necessary to lower tensions). I would love for you to make a video explaining more in depth about the composition of Christian IV's Danish army and why, unlike the Swedish case, it ended up being so inefficient.
Love your videos
Fantastic video.
Great video
thank you my friend, you have a fantastic channel!
You should create a play list of all the videos in this series and also all the videos you made about many of the sieges at the end of the video
Excellent!
Patiently waiting for me Thirty Years War content
Please provide option to directly thank you financially for all your great work
Bravo !
I love this series
very good. ty
A very good account of the Danish intervention and the reasons behind it which is often overlooked. Though I would argue that Wallenstein was also a great general whose 'defeat' ,later at Lutzen was not a defeat but rather a tactical withdrawal from a bloody stalemate.
In the words of King Christian himself, a few days after Lutter:
'Vi mistede slaget. General Fuchs var mere død end levende'
'We lost the battle. General Fuchs was more dead than alive'
05:17 different painters, different years, I know. But it is still funny that the son looks as if he were his father's father.
You've already covered La Rochelle and 's-Hertogenbosch, will you cover the other sieges too?
"It need not have happened and it settled nothing worth settling." Cicely Veronica Wedgwood, The Thirty Years War, 1938.
I love your videos. Though sometimes I think it lacks a bit more insight in the Spanish point of view of the war. There a lot of excelent articles and books about Madrid participation in this war here in Spain. Of course I understand it could be because language restrictions.
very nice
Yes, finally we're getting into the interesting phases of the war! Hyped!
Every phase is interesting.
@@Mude-wv9bj
economics drives politics, politically influential individuals drive war.
Keep it up
Theres some corrections to this, only 2min in.
King Chr IV of denmark wasnt the richest, he was running on borrowed money, whilst being in control of the baltic sea route. He controlled both helsingør and helsingborg, effectively cutting the route in half, and anyone who wanted to pass the strait , øresund, had to pay toll. A toll that went into the army and the capitol where Chr IV conducted/constructed a lot of prestigeous projects that til this day is defining parts of the beauty of copenhagen.
But he ran the entire country into banktrupcy by his actions, and calling him the richest in europe is a truth with modification
Christian 4 was probably the biggest drunkard in the history of Danish drunkards! Not surprisingly, he was a terrible general. He is also the only known king ever to have a eye shot out in a naval battle- the splinter they dragged out of his skull, and his bloody shirt is still on display in Copenhagen. Oh and he also managed to produce 20 children and bankrupt Denmark. For some strange reason that defies logic he is the second most beloved Danish monarch, only behind Margrethe 2.
They don't have a lot of good options
@dominicguye8058 exactly lmao. One of the more mediocre, milquetoast kingdoms in the history of Europe
The first time I see my hometown play a notable role in a history video.
9:31 can you give the name of Robert Monroe memoire?
Can the Thirty Years' War be counted as the actual First World War? After all, the conflict spilled outside of Europe as well.
If there were american or asian beligwrents probably , but since there werent , then no.
It was only really a European war
I think the real WWI is the 7 years war
@@cseijifja lol No, Americans don't count
@cseijifja And I guess you haven't heard of WW1...America doesn't really count there, and that was a world war..
Toughest video to see to the end, being a Dane 😭
There is a slight mapping glitch by Flanders and France’s coastline.
Edit at 0:31
11:05 that's the very definition of having all bad traits on a bad heir in CK3 haha
Omg Christian IV at the Battle of Lutter is one of the most pathetic loses I have ever seen. Poor soldiers having such incompetent leader. In general his whole "campaign" is an extreme failure. Waiting until enemy raises more troops and then leaving army alone in the most important hour. Unbelivable.
He took the quotation "Professionals talk logistics, amateurs strategy" too literally.
@@masoodvoon8999 Hahahaha, nice one :)
@@masoodvoon8999 Personally caring for the supply train while your army is in heavy fighting might also count as a misunderstood approach of "Leading From Behind" :D
But still less pathetic than Archduke Leopold Wilhelm as Spanish commander at Lens in 1648 who supposedly prayed for victory and then left the battlefield to his deputy Jean de Beck before the fighting even began. At least Kings and Generals claimed he did in their video (I never found actual confirmation, so he might not be a true rival to Christian IV in terms of questionable leadership)
Christian had fallen off his horse and down a seven metre deep hole a few months prior at Hameln. He suffered from a fractured skull and a concussion, neither of which were treated. In order to quell the pain he started drinking. This explains quite a bit of his behaviour.
If you enjoy spectacular military losses I invite you to learn more about Danish battles. We so consistently snatch devastating defeats from the clutches of victory that it's a miracle we still exist as a nation.
How is the track called from 17:18 to 18:47 (Battle of Lutter)?
Just to say, regarding the use by armies of local resources, it seems strange to speak of anyone inventing such a stratagem: it is a constant of warfare in any context or period, unless there are specific, forceful prohibitions in place (religious, for example).
Richelieu could be france's bismark
Bismarck was Germany's Richelieu.
Richelieu is overrated.
@@MyVanir Bismarck unified an entire country with animosity from other political figures of the time, domestic and foreign. Richelieu stabilized the country, besieged a major Protestant stronghold and cucked Villiers so hard with Spain that he got shanked in a bar. So both men were giants of their time, a man who united all the disparate German states into one powerful federal confederation. Richelieu made France a power to be reckoned with and laid the blocks for centralization after Louis XIII died and his son Louis XIV "The Sun King" took over.
Denmark never recovered from Christian the Clown.
I would say Denmark is doing pretty damn well these days...
@@jesperengelbredt
Denmark today is not the Denmark before the Clown, clown.
Denmark went from being an European superpower to a small country completely dependent on it’s neighbors.
Well, if there's ONE thing we can say wiht absolute certainty about the 30 years war it's this: It was bloody, confused mess.
I can see that he's laying it out as simply as possible and its STILL hard to follow, so much going on with so many different sides.
Wallenstein was rich as heck when he died he had like 12 milion golden penies when he was assasinated by Ferdinand
Pwease do a video on the Tibetan Empire or Mycenae!
The other nobles called him an upstart and yet he fielded his own separate army from the league.
In all times, the hereditary rich have looked down on the nouveau riche.
@@niklasmolen4753 They should really change that view when they get their Armies decimated and he is the only guy to save their tuché.
Weiter so du geile Sau
Hein ?
How could Christian assume this would work out?
Because seemingly he wasn't actually that interested in fighting and was just looking for concessions. He was betting on being able to hold out longer than the Habsburgs.
7:23 17m sounds like a lot. What kind of ditch even is that?
7m
@@mackomako thats still quite some ditch
Yea it was pretty cool
This has to be sponsored by Paradox...
community discord when ?
Baltic trade was more profitable than trade with the Americas?
Yep. Lots of timber and iron ore from Sweden. The Hansa had a monopoly on Baltic trade a few centuries ago but eventually were forced out by leaders after making the wrong bets on who would win the war of Swedish independence. So they got the boot. But Baltic trade was still lucrative and less dangerous anyway.
Yes the Dutch called their Baltic grain trade the mother of all trades.
And by a lot, unless you were Spain (with the mining of silver and gold) or Portugal (with the slave farming of cash crops) the american trade was not profitable since the only serious option were the (at the time) poor thirteen colonies (Spain and Portugal didn’t allowed other countries to trade with their colonies), this is why the American trade was bad at the time, Justin and Kalter already said why the Baltic trade was good (a lot of timber for boats, a lot of iron for weapons, and a lot of grain for people)
Wallenstein ah yes.. The syphillis lord who obsessed with astrology superstition
best summary i've read, lol.
Why let a little disease get in the way to become one of the most infamous general of the Imperial? :v
From where do you get your maps?
I think they're made in Inkarnate
@@MelkromisteinWeeb thx
Good question! I was always curious about that.
"Died soon agter the marriage" How convenient lol
i like the part when christian was so drunk on his horse inspecting the defenses that he fell off his horse into a ditch ahahah. Freakin Classic. Crazy how all these wars in Europe are happening while the Ottoman Empire is just chilling lol . Probably busy with Malta
Getting their ass handle in Malta more like, The Ottomans will never match the might of the ancient Rome! the east is weak!.
If I'm not mistaken, the Ottomans were actively sowing unrest in the Eastern lands of the Emperor by supporting Betlhen Gábor, the pretender to the throne of Hungary. However, it would be fun to imagine what the hell would've happened if the Sultan just marched straight against Vienna while the Emperor had his hands full with the Danes, Swedes, Dutch and French...
I forgot: the Ottomans were also busy with Poland-Lithuania at that point.
@@leonardoantonini4464 bro, there is only one thing that Christians and Protestant hate more than eachother: muslims. Nobody would have allowed the Ottomans to take Vienna. Moreover it would have probably eased the tensions amongst the empire and forced a truce to fight the common enemy
Oh yes my ancestor making me feel insignificant again😅
👍🏼
It was Wallenstein who occupied Jutland btw
Wallenstein has arrived? Things are getting real now.
Based
22:45 Which siege of Danzig is referred to here?
1628 blockade. there several (unsuccessful) sieges from 1626-29.
True name is Gdansk
@@pawekokot1157since?
@@pawekokot1157 cities across central and eastern Europe have multiple names in different languages. It is okay to call it Danzig historically, but not today
@@pawekokot1157 Danzig (modern day Gdansk). We don't call Constantinople Istanbul either when referring to medieval stuff before the Turkish conquest, that would be idiotic.
In Denmark Christian IV is hailed as a great king for his building projects and beating Sweden. I, as a military historian, always really disliked him for his overly ambitious adventure in The Holy Roman Empire. Especially as the consequences was to eventually lose Skåne in a war between weakened Denmark and strengthened Sweden.
Interesting insight
Wallenstein was the Prigozhin of his time and Tilly was the Shoigu of his time. But who is the Gustavus Adolphus of our time?
Rn Macron seems to have potential
"Albrecht Wallenstein" was born & raised as a Bohemian Protestant, how could he so easily turned his back on Country & Faith..
Money
And what does either have to do with profit?
It's almost never about country at this time. Nationalism didn't really exist at the time at least not as we imagine it.
Good.
Good question. I've met several protestant raised folk that left Protestantism.
My impression is, that the Protestant theology has some imperfections, that should be addressed. Jesuits will never allow such a thing to happen, and sabotage it where they can.
👍👍
Hot take: it was always about power politics. Religion is also about power politics.
Wallenstein did nothing wrong
Unfortunatley the Danish were only able to fight for 6 hours at a time.
Common Imperial Catholic W
Based
Needs to make a return today.
Is this why the Protestant forces offer Magdeburg Quarter to Imperial Forces later?
😍😍😍😍
Christian IV was an demoralized opportunist
The battle of Lutter was lost by the Lutherans? Meh!
Wallenstein was a kind of "Wagner" type.
far better businessman tho
Real mercs.
Danish history is full of these humiliating events constantly getting clowned by all of Europe. Its sad that the peak of the Danish military was during the viking period and it just went downhill from there.
Youre wrong about the last part. Denmark was a Superpower in Europe until the 17th century, starting in the Viking Age, after the defeat in the 30 years war and the wars lost to the swedes.
Nah, during the 11th to 16th century. Denmark dominated Scandinavia throughout the Middle Ages
@@basileus-pr6jh Not really
Very true..
@@Alex-yz6uq yes they did.
t
Borders are quite terrible
Poor Wallenstein - murdered by the order of the "emperor"... He was "da shit" back in th day.
Oh, btw - the danes at this time was a big joke and started losing wars to Sweden, losing 50% of it's territory... Skåne, Halland, Blekinge.
lol big joke, sweden also lost wars, and got bailed out by France in the Scanian war. realistically it could have gone both ways a lot of times, and sweden was nowhere as competent as you think.
Wallenstein shouldn't have been trying to go behind the emperor's back and betray him. Emperor Ferdinand did nothing wrong
Skåne, Halland and Blekinge wasn't 50% of Danish territory, and Sweden didn't win a war against Denmark after 1658 - except for the War of the Sixth Coalition in 1814.
@@gustav331 Hi! Look up "Freden i Roskilde". Denmark lost 50% of it's territory to Sweden and it formed the frontiers we know today in a large extent. Skåne being the biggest loss since it was the "grainary" of Denmark with the most fertile farming earth. Denmark became a second rate shit country after this.
Denmark not losing to Sweden after 1658? Did you drink too much Tuborg?
1676 - Denmark tried to retake the valuable Skåne, but got rear ended at the battle of Lund. 1710 the danes tried again, but got severely rear ended at the battle of Helsingborg by a swedish rag tag shit army marching in to battle in wooden clogs... Please...
Denmark was a thing in the middle ages, then... Nothing.
@@guycalabrese4040 No, Skåneland was not 50% of Denmark's territory. You just need to look at a map to realise that. It was about 33%, as it made up one third of the traditional provinces of Denmark - Jutland, Sjælland and Skåne. And that's not even counting Denmark's territories in Schleswig, Holstein and Denmark's possession of Norway.
The Treaty of Roskilde was in 1658. Denmark's only loss after 1658 was, as I've mentioned above, in 1814, when the entire continent of Europe was converging on our southern border. Sweden lost Bornholm and Trondhjem Len in 1660 after your failed assault on Copenhagen in February of 1659 and the Swedish defeat at Nyborg in November of 1659. The Scanian War was a definite loss for Sweden, as you were forced to cede Eastern Pomerania to our Brandenburger allies. The Battle of Lund was not decisive as both armies were completely battered - neither the Danish nor the Swedish armies were able to commence any operations afterwards, as they were both too weak. The war therefore continued for four more years. The Scanian War was mostly a war of sieges, and Lund didn't change that. Control of the sea was decisive, however, and thanks to the Danish victory at Køge Bay in 1677 we had firmly established our naval supremacy in the Baltic. Danish forces held Gotland, Western Skåne, Bohuslen, Bremen-Verden and Swedish Pomerania occupied at the end of the war, and Sweden was only saved by the intervention of France: The Netherlands had left the war in 1678, and in 1679 a French army marched in and occupied the Danish Duchy of Oldenburg.
Sweden lost the Great Northern War quite spectacularly, and Denmark achieved its main war aim of annexing the Holstein-Gottorp (a Swedish puppet state) territories in Schleswig. I would encourage you to read about what happened to Stenbock's army, by the way, since you mentioned Helsingborg. He and his entire army marched into Danish captivity after the Siege of Tønning in 1713. Sweden lost 15.000 men and their best general. Sweden would not win a major engagement against Denmark again after Gadebusch in 1712, but would instead go from defeat to defeat. First at Stralsund in 1715, then Wismar in April 1716, then Karl XII's bungled invasion of Norway in 1716, and then his second, fatal and failed attempt to conquer Norway in 1718. The only reason that Denmark didn't also annex Swedish Pomerania was, again, the intervention of France. Sweden could only ever fight with French help and subsidies, something that Denmark didn't have the benefit of.
I might also mention that Stenbock was not fighting the best of Denmark's army at Helsingborg. He was facing a lot of peasant militia troops, since most of the best of Denmark's regiments were fighting in the War of Spanish Succession on the side of Marlborough and Prince Eugene. These troops didn't return to Denmark until just after Gadebusch in 1712.
Skåne was not the grainary of Denmark. That's a common myth. Only southern Skåne is fertile. The rest of Skåne, like Gønge Herred, is full of woodlands and not very fertile at all. Funen, Lolland, Eastern Schleswig and Western Sjælland have much better soil, and Denmark continued to be an agrarian powerhouse after the loss of Skåne. Sweden, on the other hand, has never been able to fully supply itself with foodstuffs. Denmark has never struggled with that, despite the loss of Skåne. This is why over 100.000 Swedes emigrated to Denmark in the 1800s - in order to escape the poor, starving, dump of a country that Sweden was at the time. This is also the reason why Sweden was on the brink of revolution in 1917, and why so many Swedes emigrated to America. Only few Danes went to America, since Denmark was rich.
Skåne was a poor, devastated province after the Scanian War, by the way. 20-40% of Scanians emigrated to Sjælland after the Scanian War, and the countryside had been destroyed. The population of Skåne decreased by more than 50.000 inhabitants between 1658 and 1720 - and this was during a time period when population growth could be explosive.
By your own logic Sweden was a thing for about 90 years between 1630 and 1720 and then... nothing.
Here's a map of soil fertility in Europe, by the way: soil.copernicus.org/articles/4/267/2018/soil-4-267-2018-f07.png
d
I hate any form of nationalism with a passion but although the spirit is willing, the flesh is weak: I can not deny feeling a pang of pride seeing how my tiny nation the Netherlands managed to preserve independence while wedged in between vastly larger and more powerful political entities.
Edit: Maurice of Orange? I am almost 100% sure I've heard you call him by his proper name (Maurits) before, perfectly pronounced as well. Why use the English version?
Wait if you hate nationalism why do you consider yourself a part of "nation" and even feel pride some kind of pride?
@@Rayan-mz2co Because the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.
I don't want to be nationalistic because thinking the land you were born in is special just because you were born there is dumb. But I still feel this human emotion or instinct to take pride in the accomplishments of your own tribe.
Patriotism is okay. You dont have to listen to the world today and confuse patriotism with nationalism. Patriotism is just the love of ones own country. Nationalism is viewing ones own country better than anyone elses. Mostly based on hatred for the other country rather the love for ones own.
@@HansWurst1569 "Patriotism is just the love of ones own country. "
And why do you love that particular country? Because you were born there. If you were born somewhere else, you'd love that country. Don't you see how it's just pure instinctual tribalism?
And what is wrong with that? What’s wrong with loving your country? I just don’t get the modern European apathy for their own countries and disdain for anybody who has patriotic fervor. If you don’t like the place you live you should move somewhere you love.
The Swedes did it better
Ofc we did, the danish state at the point in time was a largely medieval clusterfuck, and their king financed the entire boondoggle on his own.
stop bully
Sand, please, do not use the name Wallenstein. Albrecht was a scion of the old Czech noble family of Valdštejn, so it could be written as Waldstein in German, and historically it was. But that better-known Wallenstein is really a bastardization. As if the Norse/Danes/Swedes spell and write the name of some British admiral Nielsen/Nielsson.
Well... It seems like the British are perfectly happy to spell København as Copenhagen, so guess we should start spelling Nelson as Nielsen.
@@JanBruunAndersen And for Czechs it´s Kodaň.
interesting accent...can say German words great so I imagine German?
Pronunciation in English needs a little work but we get what was said. War being pronounced like Waw is weird, soft r at the end and all...and char AK terize when saying characterize. So leads me to think German even more.
nice video!
They have a german channel too but i think the are from switzerland
I disagree. All of us already know how to speak English, or we wouldn't be here. English is such an over-used language on the internet, it defines our perspective. I think it's fucking awesome that finally here's a channel that can properly pronounce German, French and even Dutch words.
@@Loobyrex Yes, the accent is very clearly swiss (plus they can actually pronounce swiss names which most germans cant)
@@petertimowreef9085I’m English and I agree with you 100%!