Explaining SSDs: Form Factors, Interfaces & Technologies
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- čas přidán 19. 06. 2024
- SSD form factors, interfaces and technologies, including M.2, 2.5 inch and AIC form factors; SATA, PCIe NVMe, U.2 and SAS interfaces; and SLC, MLC, TLC, QLC and PLC technologies.
Other videos in which I explain computer hardware include:
Explaining RAM:
• Explaining RAM
Explaining PCIe Slots:
• Explaining PCIe Slots
Explaining SD Cards 2020 Update:
• Explaining SD Cards: 2...
More videos on computing and related topics can be found at:
/ explainingcomputers
You may also like my ExplainingTheFuture channel at: / explainingthefuture
Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
00:37 SSD Form Factors
04:08 SSD Interfaces
08:49 SSD Technologies
12:03 Samsung & MLC
13:21 Wrap
#SSD #M.2 #NVMe #U.2 #SATA #ExplainingComputers - Věda a technologie
More than Linus, more than Dave, more than Unbox, more than MKBHD, this is the tech channel where I eagerly await the uploads each week.
Great to hear!
In all these channels, i mostly just join for fun but here i feel like im learning alot
Let's face it. Linus and gang are entertainers more than anything now.....
GNU pluse User name
Linus,mkbhd , etc purely do it for the money.
That's why their content may seem professional in reality its just a money gain for them
It’s such a quirky channel, but so good. A gem for sure!
I'd buy the 100 tb ssd for 40.000 but the 29 dollar shipment is a no-go!
:)
I'm with you ! Can you imagine the audacity!
That is insanity considering the product is so much to begin with. Unless of course your getting it in two days or less. Nevertheless I rather buy more than 100TBs in used SSDs than that piece of trash. For redundancy purposes.
Yes indeed. When you are paying them the cost of a High end Mercedes car then why should they not ship it at their cost. 😄
I'm of the generation, yes I'm old, where the amount of memory now available feels like magic! And apparently we are only at the beginning of this particular journey. Beam me up Scotty ever closer lol
I know exactly what you mean. The fact we even talk about RAM in GB storage in TB is amazing.
@@ExplainingComputers I remember ram being talked about in KB and storage in MB 40MB was considered amazing for windows 3.1 iirc
To think that my first hard drive was 20 megabytes connected to an mfm controller... And a friend had told me I would never fill it...
@@ExplainingComputers Next thing you know you'll be talking about CPU cache in GB
@@ExplainingComputers I used to one the support and development of a transaction processing operating system back in the 1970s which could have over 1,000 online users and had 768 kB of ferrite-store main memory at around 10-12 transactions per second. Something called an ICL System 4, which was a licensed copy of an RCA Spectre which was the first attempted IBM 360 clone (and basically bankrupted RCA).
It was a 24 x 7 system with disk mirroring and full, dual transactional logging. It, and a second machine of the same specification provided all the central air cargo handling system for the UK as well as automated customs clearances.
It used 3,600 RPM 14 inch 30MB disk packs called EDS 30s. Massive things that the size of curling stones.
That system got ported onto IBM mainframes and the same core systems ran until near the end of the century. For some other applications (notably RAF stores management) the operating system ran for another 10+ years beyond that.
At the end of my career I was working with machines with 256GB of main memory, 128 CPU cores and disk storage arrays in the petabyte range.
So, coming from the days when every bit counted, we are now in an era of profligacy, or so it seems.
Remember the 2010 version of this video, where saying "these things are quite fast, and some of the better-heeled among you may even be able to afford one, but they're definitely the future" was all there was to it?
How time passes -- and technology marches on!
@NukeEmRico I actually like defragmenting my hard drives....heh.
@@DarkCylon Yes, we used Norton Utilities to do the task and enjoyed looking at those blocks putted in order. The moment the Defrag finishes, a feeling of relief and speed fills the atmosphere :)
I have been a computer technician since the late 90's. This channel is one of the ways I keep myself learning new stuff and refreshing my understanding of the stuff I already know. It's relaxing and more importantly for me clear to understand. Your voice, pacing and delivery style is top notch so I do not need to crank up the volume as high as with other channels.
Very helpful. I learned about several options that I hadn't known existed.
Me too brother me too.
Can I get a play station 5 for Christmas Santa?
@@murphyking79 sorry, you'll have to camp out in line like the rest of us!
Other channels drown you in jargon - Explaining Computers does just that - explains how things work, and makes sense of the jargon. (Thank you!)
A Challenging topic to explain to people with a wide range of different knowledge. Thanks
Christopher, I just want to say that I've built my own computers since the 90's. But I only do it once every 5-10 years or so. Back then I bought books, especially "Build your own 386 PC and save a bundle." Each time I went to build a new PC, it got paradoxically harder. The internet had the information, but it was scattered and took a while. Your channel helps a lot for a guy like me who can't spend a lot of time keeping up on the technology. Thanks!
Yeah..actually building your own PC is pretty easy, it's selecting the right parts for it that has gotten harder, between the CPU socket options, RAM types, etc..
I've been doing it just as long, but I was a kid when I started in the mid-90's. The terms have changed, and the architecture has gotten more complex, but the fundamentals haven't.
I started building computers in the 90s and i still have a addiction i always got to have 5 computers in my house don't ask me why , zdnet tv show with leo , and pricewatch.com good old days.
I also had the book and other similarly titled books.
ExplainingComputers is one of the best channels about computers on CZcams!
Thanks. :)
I started in Freshman year in high school in 1975 programming an unseen computer in our computer lab with cards and pencil marks. Between terms in tech school I got the opportunity to take a COBOL class, programming an IBM 360 with punch cards. I still have my old TRS80 computer! Today I service automated HVAC controls and computers. You, sir, help to keep me up-to-date on the technology of computers and for that I am eternally grateful. Keep up the great work! You are of great value to people like me who sometimes struggle to keep up.
I can relate to your comments on punch cards, and Mark sense and the TRS computer. I had an equivalent to the TRS which was Australia's answer to the TRS which was the Dick Smith TRS 80. My son learnt programming on this computer at the age of six. His first program was the game meteorite. This brings back fond memories of 4k memory utilisation a tape drive to store programs alot of peeks and pokes. My son went onto work on movies like avatar, tin tin, planet of the apes, James Bond, just to name a few. From humble beginnings to using 300 computers to perform rendering of huge images. Thank you for the memories. The computer had a bit of disastrous end. I came home from work and I went to see my son who had dismantled the computer and had the parts all over his bedroom. I said to him well you now understand how to dismantle a computer and is valuable knowledge. That computer never worked again. He went onto design computer farms to render images.
You are a legend! In what you succinctly summarized in less than 15 minutes, had taken me days to understand. Keep up the amazing educational videos! Thank you.
Researched - Factual - Precise - Educational - Written - Produced and on point. A CZcams channel with value. Thank you for uploading - Liked.
Thanks. :)
nice
@@m.m.zakariafaridpuri1287 Thank you.
You explain complex technical stuff in a simple, clear and concise way. You make hard stuff quiet easy to understand.
He's a (((Bull$hit))) filter = just remove the 'marketing' krap & say the actual specs = better even than Wikipedia that way =D
This video couldn't have been timed better with the new PS5 and Xbox Series S/ X consoles now utilising mass storage SSD's for the first time. I even learnt a few new things so the video is highly appreciated!
That was the clearest most straight forward explanation of SSDs I have yet heard! Excellent by any standard!
I'm Illuminated, as usual. When you explain things such as SSDs I can absorb it much easier than trying to plow through it myself. My thanks for this episode and of course all episodes. These are my "go to" videos for all things computer.
Finally, the information I want, explained in the clearest way I have ever encountered. Bravo.
Address the point right away, no dummy introductions. Excellent!
Thanks.
I knew about different m.2 lengths but different widths are new to me.
I have said it in the past and I repeat it. This channel is a gold mine.
You somehow selected everything I've previously learned/heard/experienced/experimented with PCIe, SSDs and it's relative components, made me understand every bit of information about them and then reorganized that information so that it sits deeper in my memory. Great video, you are an excellent teacher. Thank You so so much.
Thanks for watching. :)
Awesome explanation Chris 👍 The advent of the SSD and the more often than not ability to double the RAM in older store bought laptops was a game changer and hardware upgrade/ revival blessing
Your ssd lessons has helped a lot, especially the previous ssd lesson on formatting ssd drives.
That lesson came in at the right time.
Found out the hard way that ssd drives when purchased are unformatted and don't show up when connected to your laptop, even with magician software already pre installed.
Poor documentation from Samsung forced me to return it believing it was faulty.
After seeing that video of yours is when I learned about how to format it.
Thank-you. A grateful Manitoba Canadian.
I love this channel, straight to the point, no yelling, no nonsense. So rare seeing an actual adult these days.
I'm so old I still remember how to 'clear core'. But always ready to learn more. And I did. Thanks.
Core memory? Yeah... you're old. ;)
@@BlackEpyon I'm so old I have core memory, fdcga.com/images/20201119_120614.jpg
@@jimlynch9390 Looks intact too! Nice!
My desktop computer has both SSD and a HDD. The main programs and the boot system are in the SSD and the rest of my files are in the other drive. The difference is huge in terms of speed. Thanks for another video. Cheers!
I have been using HDD for 7+ years now and still on Windows 7, and was thinking of maybe buying a 2.5 SSD for boot-drive and install Windows 10 on it.
But then i noticed that both my i7-4770 and Intel DH87RL Motherboard don't have any driver support for Windows 10, and since both the products have been discontinued and there is no new drivers for them, not sure what to do.
And with Windows 7 not having official support anymore, i am a bit apprehensive to do a fresh install of it again, even if i have a original copy of Windows 7.
@@Sup_D I tried winx for a week and discovered it's slower on my rather old but trusty Dell laptop. Stick to win7 for games, but go linux for everything else. After some distro hopping I settled for Linux Mint Cinnamon with KDE Plasma desktop on top.
Whatever you decide on though, upgrading to SSD will speed up your system drastically..
@@Sup_D I still use Windows 7 as my daily driver on two laptops. No need to move to Windows 10. If you're happy with Win7 and you've got things running smoothly, stick with it as long as possible. So there's no official updates anymore, that's just one less headache. Install anti-virus and anti-malware programs, run them once a week, and use common sense online.
@@FlyboyHelosim I'm typing this very line on Win7...Using Firefox and Duck Duck go as a search engine. I installed my anti virus among all the other extremely useful extensions like adblock, YT downloader, privacy etc. Although I'm a keen Linux user, I find myself drifting back to my Win7 more than often..😉👍
@@tonyelsom6382 Excellent, my man. There's so much negatively surrounding using Windows 7 still but honestly I see no cause for concern. I mean the internet is literally the only access point for potential viruses or exploits and I'm buggered if I'm going to change my whole ecosystem and methodology just for one small factor like that. If in doubt, I'll visit a dodgy website using a sandboxed web browser or via a virtual machine.
Wow! I recently discovered this channel and it is the best I have ever come across in the explanation of computer technology. The explanations are clear, thorough, and concise . The graphics are outstanding and very well timed with the explanations. The presentor has a a strong breath of the subject and speaks with a great cadance. This is truly top of game speaking from the perspective of 35+ years experience in the professional tech industry!
That part about the interfaces types are well explained 👍
End user need to pay attention especially on those m.2 types
I work with one of the storage manufacturer, and the reason why theres so many interfaces (even those SAS and U.2) is because to give options for consumers/data-centers to migrate to ssd while still use their existing HBAs thats probably still under warranty (not all datacenters have the budget of amazon/fb)👌
One of the best videos on the subject currently on youtube. Clear and structured. Thank you for making it easier to understand for so many of us👍
Thanks. :)
As someone who once owned a 5 1/4 inch IDE (PATA) 60Mb (Yes, megabytes) HDD which along with its controller board (itself larger than some desktop motherboards today) was larger than a house brick and weighed about the same, I just want to express my gratitude for today's form factors. 😁
Indeed my first harddisk was the size of an industrial scale
The first drive i put my hands on was a 9427H-C Hawk CDD. Storage space until the end of time. I thought ... ;- )
I just have to say I really enjoy watching your videos, and that is coming from somebody who is NOT a computer geek and often actually wishes he was born in the 19th century. :) I still like reading and hearing about tech stuff, even if I don't specifically care to use said tech and your channel is among the best tech channels out there. Your videos are well produced, straight and to the point, not needlessly long, you never ramble and if you express a (negative) opinion about something, you always do so in a respectful way. I love your overall demeanor, calm way of speaking and dry sense of humor. Looking forward to hear you again.... veeeery soon!
at last one video that explains the real thing in the right manner. watched many videos from various popular tech channels on this topic, this is just very straight and clear. Thanks for the video.
As always, very helpful, informative and entertaining video. Bravo, maestro Chris 👏🏻
Another excellent video. Not just for those interested in technology, but for all people looking to buy/upgrade a computer. My hats off to you again, sir. :)
Many thanks.
So much information in 14 minutes! I was surprised how much I learned about a topic I thought I was more than just vaguely familiar with.
Old-timer here, in computers since the early 70s. This is a great overview of new storage technologies that are difficult to keep up with. Thanks.
Thank you for making this video. I have been trying to look for clear explanation of these difficult terminologies online but only to get more confused as I read them. Your video has definitely made this concepts so much clearer and easy to understand. GREAT JOB!! Subscribed.
Thanks for the sub -- welcome aboard!
Extremely interesting and informing, no bullshit, amazing!
Thanks.
@@ExplainingComputers You forgot to mention SATA DOM's.
@@morgan5941 Very fair point. My bad.
incredibly amazing depth of information! thank you immensely for your videos
Lovely job on this video -- once again you've culled down a big market of standards and made it easy to digest.
Another day, another great video by Chris.
Thank you good sir, this video has cleared up a lot of misinformation I have either been given, or presumed on my part. I feel much better armed with this information in selecting, and purchasing a new SATA SSD upgrade for my Dell Latitude E6430. Once again thank you for all you do in teaching us your viewing public.
Great information. For me when I need to upgrade all the standards have changed. Videos like this are a must.
Thank you Cristopher I really enjoy these episodes and cant help but learn a thing or two despite years of computer programming/engineering.
Thanks. I'm going to upgrading a desktop with an SSD and this was helpful.
Good sir, your videos are always the highlight of a nice weekend. From the synthy intro, to your relaxing explanations, it's a treat. Keep up the wonderful work!
Many thanks!
Just bought a couple of larger M.2 SSDs for mine and my daughter's laptops, very helpful video which probably saved me buying the wrong type of drive or key interface so thanks!!!
My SSD is from 2012 ,an old 128GB OCZ and my HDD is from 2009 , a 1TB Seagate baraccuda. Used every day, I think I hit the hard drive jackpot. Going to upgrade to a 500GB PCIe SSD soon! Great video.
I generally dislike when companies break from standard for their own nomenclature, but I agree with Samsung on this one. It's clear that bits per cell will be growing for a while so, rather than forcing customers translate [M,T,Q,P] -to> [2,3,4,5], using "Multi" generically makes more since.
In fact I'd argue that we should get rid of the "M" altogether and just straight to 1LC, 2LC, 3LC, .. [n]LC
Although the LC part *also* doesn't make sense because a 2LC flash has 4 voltage levels, not 2. And a 3LC has 8 voltage levels, not 3.
They should be called 1-bit cell, 2-bit cell, etc. 1BC, 2BC, 3BC, ...
top
wow
And now some companies like Apple solder their SSD NAND chips directly to the laptop motherboard/logic board, rendering storage upgrades (practically) impossible.
not only that but if it fails, the whole computer becomes useless... i dont like apple for many reasons.. now they tie the camera serial number to the board so you cannot even repair THAT..
Things like that are practiced for many years now, i have 7y old ASUS laptop and it has RAM soldering on board, luckily they provided another slot where you can put standard SO-DIMM memory.
Very true -- not a great practice at all.
Just more reason not to buy Apple and into their walled gardens.
This will become standard when the devices get more and more integrated. At some point, you will have just a single chip (or block) unit for the consumer market. No upgrades, no fixes, but cheaper, more efficient and more powerful. Could take some years to get there though.
Fantastic video as always. No kidding, No one explains it better than you.
This is an excellent video! Thank you so much for producing it. It cleared up so many things for me.
Thank you very much kind sir!
Please do a video on IOPS, read/write speed, seek time for HDDs, and what you'll actually need for which types of applications.
Neat idea, noted.
As always, your videos are very informative; just the very salient points.
I love your complete and clear explanations. You are a goto guy!
That's interesting just a few days ago I worked on a Dell that had a 1630,
at least it was a Wi-Fi module b-key.
Never seen one in the wild till now.
I love SSD. Just upgraded my favorite notebook with one, and will be able to get a few more years out of it.
Every topic this man explains will teach you something new about things you thought you knew everything about already!
Excellent and useful content. Very professional, well explained and straight to the point. Thank you very much.
Imagine this man is Linus Tech Tips's mentor and Linus features him in one of their videos......
I would rather have the Professor make an appearance on RMC The Cave, as they are both out of jolly England.
Maybe in another video you can discuss the value of DRAM and SLC cache and the lack of these in some SSD drives.
Thanks and noted. :)
Great explanations Chris, clear and concise, thank you!
I swear, Mr Christopher Barnatt has the most honest and true look as well as an honest and true-sounding voice. One would be hard pressed to disbelieve anything he says. Honestly, even if he did an advertisement, I'd buy the product simply because he said so haha. Definitely one of the more calming people to listen to when it comes to tech channels.
In 1982 I designed and built 8 bit memory cells and at the time they had 2000 ns, all hand wired. I was going to 12 bit even 16 bit but it was at time was to complicated to wire input amps and 65536 output amps. The where chips could do 12 bits a/d but they were 1/10 second and cost $400 a piece. I had 8 of them in a machine that weighted up to 3 lbs. They were weight vegetable memory cells ;.)
Wow. Not that many years ago.
Bare transistors, or were you old enough to work with core memory?
@Robert Slackware Just imagine weaving them all by hand.
@Robert Slackware Magnetism follows the same inverse-square law that light and gravity do. Neodymium magnets aren't THAT powerful.
Thanks Christopher, i was actually confused about the difference between NVME and Sata.
And you were not alone!
Same, had a lot of confusion relating to M.2 Sata and M.2 NVMe.
Also, i didn't even know about U.2 SSD's.
@@Sup_D No idea why U.2 connects are available on mainstream board, but there are no consumer drives that uses U.2, only Enterprise drives (both HDD and SSD).
@@AlfaPro1337 Cost issues maybe?
Awesome explanation video. Thanks for breaking this all down for everyone. I'm in Information Systems (Programming) and it hard to keep up on all the hardware standards. Cheers!
Another fantastic video Christopher! It's fascinating to learn new things on top of what's being covered in my degree.
SSD’s the alphabet soup of storage devices. I wonder what will be available for us in the next decade? More speed, more storage, more acronyms?
Talking about alphabet soup, don't get me started on USB.
Wow, I miss the old days of just having PATA or SATA HDD's.... It's great we have speed and capacity these days, but the technobabble is strong :-)
But you went a long way to explain... so thank you Christopher!
I think the Samsung way is kind of better in clarity, but, I am still an old duffer who uses SATA :-)
IDE master slave settings that's how it's done. You kids with your fancy sata cables!
Very comprehensive and clear explanation. Thanks 🙏
Great choice of topic, and excellent coverage of the subject. Thanks.
Anything less than TLC is very volatile. You should have talked about data retention capacity and data recovery if an SSD goes dead.
Not the subject of this video! But I do have an episode on "SSD Life Expectancy": czcams.com/video/-XZNr7mS0iw/video.html
On your second point, I would consider "data recovery if an SSD does dead" to be a non-issue. If any drive fails -- SSD or HDD -- data is restored from a backup. Nobody should be wasting time and money trying to recover data from a failed drive.
For 2021, I'd like to see more NVMe on SBC. No more eMMC and MicroSD. pls
emmc you mean ?
got my raspi hooked to an sata ssd with the Argon M.2
Explaining new tech in 90's vibe environment. I like this style. This suits my age...
Thank you very much for the clear precise information. For the history and the current options. Thanks.
The write-rewrite cycles sound concerning....Won't gamers degrade their ssd's faster? I dont know much but id like to know more.
Of course.
Gamers will kill there ssd drives faster than a normal person.
Because some gamers downlaod ton of games every day and then format it and download it again.
I have a video here on SSD life expectancy! czcams.com/video/-XZNr7mS0iw/video.html
@@ExplainingComputers Thanks! Going straight to it!!
It does sound worrying to begin with, but when you think about it, even if you have to replace your SSD after 5 years, it's not that bad. Even replacing my fancy expensive drives, imagine how much better and cheaper the replacement will be in five years. I'll probably want more than just a new drive by then, anyway.
@@ExplainingComputers That video definitely calmed me down. No panic!
Edit: Still don't understand over provisioning though.
Why was the name "DLC (Dual Layer Cell)" not used?
You can if you want .
In retrospect, this would have been very sensible!
Wow I'm an SSD expert now! Been following your channel for a while, love these ''Explaining'' videos!
Thanks for watching. :)
Thanks for the very detailed video of the various types of SSD's.
QLC "Waterfall" was in the charts 25 years ago. Oh wait, that was TLC.
As a hipster, I store my data on vinyl records.
Groovy! :)
@@ExplainingComputers ..(*sound of 2 drums and a cymbal falling off of a cliff..*)
There are a lot of interesting alternatives for data storage, but be aware of the drawbacks, too...like the clay tablets someone mentioned above, data density is rather poor, plus you have the needle-wear degradation problems when you use them often. :-)
(As far as oddball techs go, I've always been fond of the internet via messenger pigeon protocol...I wonder if anyone's ever worked on the speed and reliability issues with that? :-) )
Well...maybe... until someone jumps on the floor or bumps your storage device and the needle jumps a groove leaving a scratch behind. Good luck getting that needle to track correctly from now on. :)
Now I understand my mistake... Thanks Mr. Computer guy!
Brilliant, clear explanation. Thank you Chris.
You didn’t even mention 5 1/4 inch hard drives. They were used for years.
I remember the 60MB 5.25 "brick" HDD I hade as the first one on my old Amiga. Much like floppies, I commonly download files larger than the entire capacity of that storage now...
Back in the mainframe days we had big disk drives the size of a washing machine, and the storage medium was a disk module with a set of about 5 or more 14 inch platters with an iron oxide coating for the data storage. A big one like this held an amazing 300 megabytes of data. When the computer was busy doing a lot of data transfer, the read/write heads would dance back and forth with enough momentum to even shake the disk drive.
flic.kr/p/7zuKiQ
Love how you explain! I can understand much better now. Thanks
Best and most informative channel for IT-related subjects.
Another great insight into the many parts that make up our tech.
Helped a lot to clear up my confusion, thanks!
I particularly appreciated the details about how data is stored and how that relates to SSD life expectancy. Thanks!
Excellent video. That is a lot of great information. Thank you.
Excellent information and clear explanation! Thank you
Well that's not so hard. Thanks for making that perfectly clear. Clear English AND clear enunciation much appreciated also sir.
Absolute gem of a video, glad to have found your channel. subscribed!
Welcome aboard! :)
Great video, thank you! The size coding on m.2 makes sense now!
Thank-you. This cleared a lot of confusion.
2:16 THANKS for making this clarification.... Really very helpful!
this is an incredible video. Excellent details explained simply, thank you!
Awesome video! This explained SSD's in a way that I can understand better than most.
thanks man this is the video that cleared all my confusions about ssds!