The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

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  • čas přidán 30. 03. 2020
  • Here I introduce the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which is how we compute the Fourier Transform on a computer. The FFT is one of the most important algorithms of all time.
    Book Website: databookuw.com
    Book PDF: databookuw.com/databook.pdf
    These lectures follow Chapter 2 from:
    "Data-Driven Science and Engineering: Machine Learning, Dynamical Systems, and Control" by Brunton and Kutz
    Amazon: www.amazon.com/Data-Driven-Sc...
    Brunton Website: eigensteve.com
    This video was produced at the University of Washington
  • Věda a technologie

Komentáře • 135

  • @MinhVu-fo6hd
    @MinhVu-fo6hd Před 3 lety +276

    It is so crazy that Gauss discovered a lot of things in mathematics that took people hundreds of years to realize.

    • @nameismetatoo4591
      @nameismetatoo4591 Před 3 lety +47

      Makes you wonder how many people have ideas that could change the world, but choose not to share them because they don't see their full potential (or they assume someone else has already had that idea).

    • @felipegutierrez3477
      @felipegutierrez3477 Před 3 lety +18

      Fun fact 101: when something is not named after Gauss is because somebody rediscovered it later or it would be confusing as everything is already named after him. Probably the latter though.

    • @jonas14812
      @jonas14812 Před 2 lety +11

      @@nameismetatoo4591 i think its far more interesting to think how many people could have potentially had great ideas but were just exploited working class people who never had the opportunity to actually form their intellect and study something

    • @tonysutton437
      @tonysutton437 Před 2 lety +5

      @@nameismetatoo4591 Reminds me of the newton-leibniz calculus controversy.

    • @AboveEmAllProduction
      @AboveEmAllProduction Před 2 lety +2

      Heavy Gauss Rifle

  • @DeonMitton
    @DeonMitton Před 3 lety +5

    Very well produced - thank you Steve for this excellent lecture ! FFT is truly what drives the World today... and into the future - with endless applications, in the physical sciences astro, aviation, and medical world.

  • @vikaspandey1126
    @vikaspandey1126 Před 3 lety +22

    This is what online lectures should be like. Thank you very much Dr. Brunton for sharing these lectures. I can't emphasise enough how amazingly done these are.

  • @hackathongoofer
    @hackathongoofer Před 3 lety +57

    I was just watching this but I kept being distracted and impressed by the fact that you are writing backwards. :O

    • @wardarezig
      @wardarezig Před 3 lety +5

      Ahahaha same here XD

    • @whimsicalvibes
      @whimsicalvibes Před 3 lety +4

      great content in the video but such videos are extremely distracting and make me feel uneasy...I guess any right brained person would find these very distracting.

    • @daijin521ify
      @daijin521ify Před 3 lety +1

      Same here , you wrote them so naturally without any hesitation

    • @TheCactuar124
      @TheCactuar124 Před 3 lety +37

      He isn't. The video is mirrored.

    • @brxne
      @brxne Před 3 lety +4

      He isn't writing it backwards, there is very easy, logical explanation. This has been mirrored, and if you look closely you can see that he has a ring on what would be his right hand, which isn't right, usually rings are on left hand.

  • @InferiorPotassium93
    @InferiorPotassium93 Před 2 lety +4

    This content is amazing, thank you so much for posting this. I knew how to compute a fourier transform of on a defined function but was incredibly confused how computers did it on the sample data they create from analog signals. I had no idea you could do it to discrete data.

  • @dineshvagicharla2720
    @dineshvagicharla2720 Před 2 lety +2

    No words to express my gratitude for this awesome content

  • @mohamadhamoudy8232
    @mohamadhamoudy8232 Před 4 lety +7

    Please Prof. Steve Brunton
    kindly we need video lectures on the wavelet transform , DWT , CWT , etc , thanks and best regards

  • @user-lo7qh1ko3z
    @user-lo7qh1ko3z Před rokem

    The best lecture series I've seen in CZcams. Thanks a lot for everything.

  • @nathanzechar5599
    @nathanzechar5599 Před 3 lety +1

    This format is simply the best.

  • @abc3631
    @abc3631 Před 3 lety +9

    Easily one of the best instructional videos on CZcams, the clarity in your articulation of the concepts makes the otherwise murky subject so much more approachable. Can't applaud you enough for putting these videos togather. Cheers !

    • @fermisurface2616
      @fermisurface2616 Před 2 lety

      This lecture was like a trailer to the actual one (which I assume comes later in the series). He didn't actually do anything here.

  • @DGSEM
    @DGSEM Před 2 lety +3

    An important point I missed in the video is the Kronecker property for the multivariate case. This enables the use of many 1-dimensional operations instead of one N-dimensional operation. Also called "vec-trick" on tensorproduct elements.

  • @DanielLopez-up6os
    @DanielLopez-up6os Před 3 lety

    Your Videos are So awesome and wonderfully high quality!

  • @priyamourya6452
    @priyamourya6452 Před 3 měsíci

    the best series I came across recently

  • @suurajroshan6878
    @suurajroshan6878 Před 7 měsíci

    Concepts simplified to the very core. Thank you for the lecture series!

  • @jacobanderson5693
    @jacobanderson5693 Před 4 lety +3

    Amazing Prof Brunton.

  • @alireza98325
    @alireza98325 Před 3 lety

    In addition to satellite TV, it is cool that the new digital Terrestrial TV broadcasting standard ATSC 3.0, which has just commenced in US also uses OFDM-based modulation and consequently requires FFT blocks on the receiver side and iFFT on the transmitter.

  • @alextheheck
    @alextheheck Před 3 lety +2

    Thank you so much for making this course publicly available professor!
    Your approach to teaching Fourier Analysis manages to provide a level of intuition on the subject that makes the equations themselves seem much less daunting.
    Also the anecdotes and stories you weave into this course are pretty much the icing on the cake.

    • @hugodaniel8975
      @hugodaniel8975 Před rokem

      I wish there were more black people in Science and mathematics

  • @MaxMercerPiano
    @MaxMercerPiano Před 3 lety +8

    Thank you so much, I am so excited to learn when I watch your videos!

  • @SpiritmanProductions
    @SpiritmanProductions Před 2 lety +17

    Are we not going to talk about how well this guy writes backwards? 🖊

    • @marcnassif2822
      @marcnassif2822 Před 2 lety +9

      He writes regularly and the video is mirrored ;)

    • @SpiritmanProductions
      @SpiritmanProductions Před 2 lety +3

      @@marcnassif2822 Ha. Seems I didn't give that any thought because I _wanted_ it to be true! 😋

    • @akhilezai
      @akhilezai Před 2 lety

      @@marcnassif2822 Is he left handed then?

    • @spectralanalysis
      @spectralanalysis Před 2 lety

      @@akhilezai His handwriting is way too neat for him to be left handed haha, but yes he is left handed.

  • @jesskonye6476
    @jesskonye6476 Před 2 lety +5

    did my man just casually write on the board backwards for us to see it in the correct orientation? Because that's impressive

  • @v.p22709
    @v.p22709 Před 3 lety +4

    Thanks you really rock and you’re a great story teller!!

  • @charithjeewantha
    @charithjeewantha Před 2 lety

    Thank you so much for these very clear explanations! They are really helpful

  • @laozismash2609
    @laozismash2609 Před 3 lety +20

    Professor, please tell me how can I monetarily support you. The contents you created are beyond brilliant!

    • @sashaelswit
      @sashaelswit Před 3 lety +5

      I think buying his book might be a very good idea.

  • @dev.regotube
    @dev.regotube Před 4 lety +8

    Thanks from the lecture!
    from Japan

  • @davidtindell950
    @davidtindell950 Před 4 lety +2

    thank u for prompt reply. Be Well !

  • @john3932
    @john3932 Před 3 lety

    beautiful video - very well explained

  • @aliasgeranees8893
    @aliasgeranees8893 Před 4 lety +3

    Can't wait to watch the next video...i really love your work

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  Před 4 lety +2

      Awesome! Next one should be out on Saturday.

    • @aliasgeranees8893
      @aliasgeranees8893 Před 4 lety

      @@Eigensteve Can't wait till Saturday..😄..haven't found any good content on fft algorithm on CZcams..really looking forward to it

  • @manjumanl5279
    @manjumanl5279 Před rokem

    Steve ,you are the best .

  • @zookaroo2132
    @zookaroo2132 Před 2 lety +1

    I wish I could be your student in my uni life 😭 you explained what I need to grasp

  • @davidcardin7652
    @davidcardin7652 Před rokem

    Wow! This is an awesome explanation! Down to earth, straight forward, excellent! BTW - you are quickly, and legibly writing backwards like some kind of Leonardo DaVinci !! What the heck! Incredible!

    • @ezra5452
      @ezra5452 Před rokem

      Hey David Cardin, do you like listening to songs by Imagine dragons ?

  • @lbitten
    @lbitten Před 2 lety

    Fantastic! What system did u use to produce the lecture?

  • @AJ-et3vf
    @AJ-et3vf Před 2 lety

    Great video! Thank you!

  • @WelshGuitarDude
    @WelshGuitarDude Před 4 lety +2

    Do you plan to explain the algorithm and the math behind it? Trying to write this algorithm for a compute shader

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  Před 4 lety +1

      Yes, I believe it will come out on Saturday.

  • @seyedhusseini6762
    @seyedhusseini6762 Před 3 lety

    really high quality info, thnx.

  • @ansrang9384
    @ansrang9384 Před 3 lety

    if I plot the spectral where the X axis is time, do I have to IFFT first? thank you

  • @YawanathathanBaqar
    @YawanathathanBaqar Před rokem

    Wow did this just make me understand scaling the dow Jones day trading ? Very useful information! I wish this guy was my personal teacher!

  • @liboyan7010
    @liboyan7010 Před rokem

    Dear Prof. Brunton, is FFT mostly used for simple domains problems? (FEM, FVM, Meshless, etc)

  • @Alex-gj2yi
    @Alex-gj2yi Před rokem

    It is so crazy that Steve wrote every notes from the back, which means every characters and graphs he is writing should be flipped along y axis by 180 degrees

  • @HAGARCIA
    @HAGARCIA Před 4 lety +4

    Obrigado, professor, por nos explicar o porque de usar o FFT (n x long) ao invés do DFT( n x n).

  • @davidtindell950
    @davidtindell950 Před 4 lety +1

    Are ‘Private Vids’ available under your Membership Plan ?

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  Před 4 lety

      Sorry about that... that video should be coming out at the very end of this series on FFT, in about a month. Stay tuned!

  • @gamerchannelforleagueofleg479

    how does he write backwards so well ???

    • @dzemper9410
      @dzemper9410 Před 3 lety +4

      maybe the video is inverted . He writes normal and then they invert it using software

    • @jd87a
      @jd87a Před 3 lety

      @@dzemper9410 If he's writing normal then the inversion would be backwards

    • @SreenikethanI
      @SreenikethanI Před 3 lety

      @@jd87a but the camera sees from behind the board, so inverting again in software will put it correctly
      You can search on Lightboard or Lightboard Studio (either of those names) to see more on how this works!

    • @brianmcmullen95
      @brianmcmullen95 Před 3 lety +1

      Left handed and the image is inverted.

  • @vokieuanh7140
    @vokieuanh7140 Před 2 lety

    a) What is this FFT image called in general? (b) What kind of information can you obtain from the FFT image? (c) Is this same as an electron diffraction pattern?

  • @CheatTrigger
    @CheatTrigger Před 4 lety +2

    Sparsity and Compression is a private video... is a part of any membership plan?

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  Před 4 lety +2

      Sorry about that... that video should be coming out at the very end of this series on FFT, in about a month. Stay tuned!

  • @isaac5815
    @isaac5815 Před 3 lety

    Holy shit. Thank you. Thank you so much.

  • @michaurbanski5961
    @michaurbanski5961 Před 3 lety

    awesome, thanks!

  • @aemeroayalsew2041
    @aemeroayalsew2041 Před 3 lety

    you are too brave keep going!!

  • @antonisnic7510
    @antonisnic7510 Před 2 lety

    I never understand how you do your videos. How the heck do you write in the air, and how you this invisible board trick. Please explain

  • @dwarkeshhaldankar2612
    @dwarkeshhaldankar2612 Před 3 lety +4

    Where were you all my college life?

  • @yeoungbraxx
    @yeoungbraxx Před 3 lety +2

    I was wondering who invented FFT so I went to wikipedia, letting the video continue to play while I tuned it out to read. When I tuned back into the video, you were just finishing explaining exactly that. Oops 🙃

  • @PS-gr7px
    @PS-gr7px Před 3 lety

    When we say O(nlog(n)) isn't the log base 2? so in the case where n = 1000, log(n) ~= 10 not 3?

    • @supernovaw39
      @supernovaw39 Před rokem

      I guess it doesn't matter as much in big O notation because it only conveys a general trend while omitting most of the less significant factors. But yes, Cooley-Tukey FFT is O(n*log_2(n))

  • @amateurfilmgirlie
    @amateurfilmgirlie Před rokem

    awesome video and explanation.... how the heck are you writing backwards??

  • @manfredbogner9799
    @manfredbogner9799 Před 5 měsíci

    very good

  • @SuperG1224
    @SuperG1224 Před 4 lety +6

    Thank you so much for explaining complex thing really Easy way!
    Can you do this for "Homomorphic Encryption" too??

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  Před 4 lety +3

      I'm by no means an expert in encryption, but that would be a fun series.

  • @Akashphs7217
    @Akashphs7217 Před 10 měsíci

    please help me with this, why for a 10 sec audio, n=4.4x 1000000. what basically 'n' is?

  • @alicewonderland9151
    @alicewonderland9151 Před 2 lety

    God bless you!

  • @bharadwajsangaraju1326
    @bharadwajsangaraju1326 Před 2 lety +1

    I think in the N Log N, the base is not 10 as mentioned here at 3:30. I think the base should be 2.

  • @datmeme8967
    @datmeme8967 Před 3 lety

    FFT, how about that FHT (Fast Handwriting Transform)??? Can you reveal that algorithm?

    • @supernovaw39
      @supernovaw39 Před rokem

      probably called mirroring or vertical inversion of video :D

  • @shayankorki7248
    @shayankorki7248 Před rokem

    awesome

  • @CasualDrive
    @CasualDrive Před 8 měsíci

    Amazing explanation! But what I couldn't wrap my head around is how can he write backwards so casually ?!

    • @CasualDrive
      @CasualDrive Před 8 měsíci

      oh video is inversed on X axis! great move 😉

  • @VinhNguyen-lb1ux
    @VinhNguyen-lb1ux Před 3 lety

    Ông này viết ngược luôn ghê vch :)) respect!

  • @tjpld
    @tjpld Před rokem

    I just recently read a paper that it's actually faster to just compute the DFT if you're using GPU acceleration, since matrix multiplication is inherently more parallel despite vendors actually providing their own optimized FFT libraries. The performance benefit of DFT is even greater the larger the input compared to the optimized FFT library.
    The paper is:
    Davuluru, Venkata Salini Priyamvada; Hettiarachchi, Don Lahiru Nirmal; Balster, Eric (2022): Performance Analysis of DFT and FFT Algorithms on Modern GPUs. TechRxiv.

  • @priyamourya6452
    @priyamourya6452 Před 3 měsíci

    Ok thank you :)

  • @ceeb830
    @ceeb830 Před 10 měsíci +1

    I thought the complexity of FFT was n*log2(n) not with a base of 10?

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  Před 10 měsíci

      You can go between log in any bases by multiplying with a constant. So log2(n) = log2(10)*log10(n)

    • @ceeb830
      @ceeb830 Před 10 měsíci +1

      @@Eigensteve but you have no constant in front of the log(n) term in the video. Is the constant just ignored because it is a complexity formula?

    • @Eigensteve
      @Eigensteve  Před 10 měsíci

      @@ceeb830 That's right, we usually drop the constant, since we are just interested in how the trend scales for large n

  • @Beatsbasteln
    @Beatsbasteln Před rokem

    Gauß was majorly underestimating his own work

  • @IbadassI
    @IbadassI Před 2 lety

    So he's left handed, can you figure out how I figured it out?

  • @SaccoBelmonte
    @SaccoBelmonte Před 9 měsíci

    T-Pain owes his career to FFT

  • @TheMEotaku
    @TheMEotaku Před 3 lety

    If you can right in reverse, you can explain the Fourier transform.

  • @shaaoux5590
    @shaaoux5590 Před rokem

    So this is just an introduction of FFT? Well I was hoping for learning the details and implementation.

  • @GuilherHast
    @GuilherHast Před 2 lety

    Isn't it O(n(n+1))?

  • @iasonsideris4442
    @iasonsideris4442 Před 3 lety +8

    8 minutes for NOT describing the FFT

  • @a51raider
    @a51raider Před 3 lety

    idek what ur talking about but nice video!

  • @hlmco
    @hlmco Před 8 měsíci

    Karl Friedrich Gauss must have been, no doubt, one of the smartest men who ever walked the earth. Absolute genius.

  • @cking9145
    @cking9145 Před 2 lety

    Did he really write mirrored on glass better than I write normal on paper?

  • @AMENTALL1Z4RD
    @AMENTALL1Z4RD Před 3 lety

    I was watching a video of a kid drinking a bottle of Gatorade through a toilet paper roll straw. How did I end up here?

  • @jakublizon6375
    @jakublizon6375 Před rokem

    Hardware is the physics. Software is the math.

  • @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835
    @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835 Před 3 lety

    That's logN base 2, not base 10. So for n=1000 we'd get logN = 10

    • @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835
      @stv3qbhxjnmmqbw835 Před 2 lety

      @Michael Smith I don't have an idea what you're talking about?!

  • @kraftrad7840
    @kraftrad7840 Před 2 lety

    Gauss was a freak

  • @mandynichols3957
    @mandynichols3957 Před 3 lety

    fft batch

  • @mandynichols3957
    @mandynichols3957 Před 3 lety

    bff2873

  • @brianmcmullen95
    @brianmcmullen95 Před 3 lety

    Left handed

  • @electricaladhd4237
    @electricaladhd4237 Před měsícem

    Don’t watch. He doesn’t explain the FFT.

  • @mohamadhamoudy8232
    @mohamadhamoudy8232 Před 4 lety +3

    Please Prof. Steve Brunton
    kindly we need video lectures on the wavelet transform , DWT , CWT , etc , thanks and best regards