Taoism (World Religions: A Whirlwind Tour)
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- čas přidán 1. 04. 2014
- The Truitt Center for Religious and Spiritual Life offers a series of short classes this spring designed to teach participants about the origins, beliefs and practices of various faith traditions.
LD Russell, in the Department of Religious Studies, leads this weekly Monday program to teach the concepts, ideas and practices of several of the world's biggest religions.
"A man travels the world in search of what he needs, and returns home to find it."
I love how this channel's popular content is 50%religious lectures n 50%electrical setup
Trust the Universe, it has much much intelligence than we know, overcome the mind and flow like a river, accept life as it is, don't resist but be responsible, do not attach your heart to anything happening, be happy when you are happy, be sad when you are sad and let it just flow as life flows like a river, let silence gives you true peace and happiness. And most of all be Thankful for everything after all and trust the way of the universe.
@@preetidas9511 read my comment
To Whom It May Concern.,
I Hope that I Can Be Financially Strong Enough At The Earliest Possible To Meet Mr. L.D.Russel Personally To Talk/Discuss About Anything / Everything In That Meeting As Long As I Can As I Think I Can Talk & Listen To Him Eternally..
Feeling Blessed To Watch This Video.., Namaskaaram Sir As I Bow To The Divine Self In You......
"Those who speak [of the Tao], do not know; those who know, do not speak ." And in response to Lao Tzu's dictum, Alan Watts chuckled: "But he SAID that!"
Bill Paci hahahah. Righteous.
According to Roman Catholic Dogma - the term Immaculate Conception has NOTHING to do with how a person was conceived (sex). It means that the person was born without Original Sin.
Did you know the translation is WRONG, and so was Alan Watts as his response was based on the translation?
@@nedsantos1415-
It could be explained like this, as the Tao is also described as, "That which can't be named." If it's (clearly) always NOW one can't say it's always now for the same reason one can't bite their own teeth or taste their own tongue. Trying to describe the Tao is like a dog chasing its tail.
@@Unfamous_Buddha
My point is: Lao Tzu did NOT say that, and the translation is wrong. The joke is baseless and tasteless.
The literal translation is:
The Tao that can be expressed in words is not the constant (or unchanged) Tao.
There is a couplet in sufi tradition of India "Bhika baat adham ki, Kahn Sunan ki nahi
Jo jane so kahe nahin, jo jane so bole nahi" meaning exactly same as your favorite saying from Taoism.
It is interesting that you say that the book is hard to understand. When I read it, it was as if somebody was reading my mind directly (after around 25 years of thinking about the world, without reading any book on the topic due to my ignorance, it would've been way faster). Everyday I wake up, I see that 1+1 is still 2 which I find amazing, and the fact that there is existence by itself, a triviality, is in itself amazing. We forget that and get caught up in dealing with daily "problems". To find the Tao, you don't need books. Just look inside you and around you!!
Don't meditate by focusing on breath, that is B.S. When you meditate, just try to be. Don't "do" meditate. Meditate by not doing! You will realize you are breathing, yes, but don't focus on it or on anything else. Be neural! Be in the center of the circle so to speak. When you just are, you will get a hint of the Tao.
It is like seeing number 2, but you don't know if 2 is from 4 -2, 8 - 6, 8/4, ... You just know that 2 exists, but not much about it. Is the Tao conscious or whatever? It doesn't matter what we believe! The truth is what it is! Why try to quantify it? I see even Taoist gurus who I am exposed to on the web not mentioning this.
Everybody who drives a car believes partially in the Tao. If not, why do you think the laws of physics will still apply when you brake to stop the car? That is not science. Science predict but does not guarantee the future. Only when the science prediction fails people will try to see why and quantify it in theorems.
If you were in a sensory deprivation tank, let's say for like 10 years, within the first ten MINUTES you might start hallucinating. Random voices or shapes or colors. Whatever. In 10 years, what would you do? What kinds of hallucinations would those be? You might, by then, have given up your sense of self or ego and instead imagined that you were two people so that you can have a conversation or interaction with yourself because you are so bored in that tank (the same way we talk to ourselves or an imagined someone else in our heads when we're left in confinement). You might forget, after 10 years!, who you were originally. In 10,000 or 10,000,000,000 years, how would your hallucinations have developed? To what ends would your imagined world have grown? What natural laws would define your psychological dreamscape? And where/who are you in all this? I think this is what the Tao Te Ching means in its opening about darkness within darkness, or how things come from nothingness, and to attempt to define it as one entity (to "speak about it"), would risk waking it up and reminding it who it was from the start, and thus it would be suicide for all the life imagined by it, and more than that it just fundamentally wouldn't make sense for a fragment of a being trying to forget itself to remind it who it is. The only reason we were split into pieces is so that we could be anyone and anything, and I can only type that out in words because I don't take it all that serious in my waking life, I still believe I'm some CZcams commenter right now at my core. This is the fundamental backbone of Taoism, which urges us to go along with the story and with the toil of life, to just be ourselves as we are and do as we would do in the dollhouse as if there isn't a child's hand moving us between the rooms, because that is how we get closer to whatever it is we come from or whatever it is that we are. It's like Fight Club. Know about it, but don't talk about it. One foot in, one foot out. It's not that we don't have free-will, per se. It's that we are playing make-believe. Taking it too seriously OR not taking it seriously at all ruin it completely.
I wish there had been time for one of these videos on Confucianism! Great job though. I've now watched all of the videos in this series. Fascinating stuff. Great storytelling.
Just fantastic...loving these lectures and passing them along
Sir thank you for explaining these stuff in such a simple way, i respect you a lot , u r not just explaining religion but giving different perspectives and getting our mind out of the little box in which we r trapped. I now see a wider world. I would've loved to be your student if that was possible, and learn & engage more with you. Again thanks a lot sir russell. 😊🙏
I would like to comment, humbly, on what I got from that reading of the first chapter. It was both moving and very intriguing to me. I believe that the section in which he is referring to named and unnamed things he is saying not only that we lose view of God or The Universe or Divinity, by limiting it with a specific name, but is also saying that anything that is nameable - including us humans and our religions - is a visible, albeit more faded and smaller, version of the unnameable thing. Secondly I think that he goes further by saying that darkness is the pathway to understanding because it is when we are willing to say that we do not know that we come to the place where we can know. This also lends towards our human experiential evidence that when things are at their most confusing and most dark and difficult that we learn the most and become stronger and better individuals.
also the reason why, as you mentioned, that western religions focus on light is because it is symbolic of knowing. This is shown in the fact that western religions are declarative while eastern religions are ponderous.
I think this is the most accurate understanding I got from this as well. But naming the God is itself very human, how does someone name a cosmic energy that flows in everything yes it limits our mind but expands when we talk about the nature of it yet it's so small and yet so big. I really appreciate the words you chose to summarise it thank you.
I am a 74 year old home maker in india. I have been listening to your fascinating talks about major religions. I studied Upanishads and the Gita from a good teacher. The truth is so easy we miss it. To be born in this country you are surrounded by stories from childhood which are glimpses of this truth. If you want to know more there is help. Hinduism explains by saying bethi bethi. This is not this is not. That which is beyond words can words describe?
It is "neti neti" no?
Two things u said about toaism was what I found particularly interesting. 1) Tao cannot be explained. It cannot be named 2) those who know it don't say it.. Those who say it don't know it.
That's what I have been hearing about brahm all my life, being born and raised in a hindu family.
Did lao tzu and buddha and adi shankaracharya refer to the same thing? Well I don't know. But the similarity often amaze me.
True that.
Read my comment, may be it will help.
How surprisingly difficult it can be to try to extract the truth and the historical facts about the religions and their founder. Taoism is the gladest and most optimistic of all religions so in itself it contains a good reason for study.
Excellent teacher/lecturer.
Excellent lecture ever i heard!
Sir.
Great work..
it is being explained vividly.. Thank you.
The suffering arises with the impermanance, in a fraction of a second,, every thing in the whole universe changes , deite our desire.
Dear Mr Russel, I have been following your lectures and I like it your way in most of the cases. I have felt that from eastern concepts, there is a difficulty in your making people understand the concept of divinity as a part. Your example of concentric circles might not be best way to make people appreciate it.
Therefore, I share with you another metaphor that you may like to use. Divinity / Brahman / God is like an ocean whereas all of us are as its waves. Now every wave has its own life, own energy and its own history but then also they remain part of ocean. They exhibit all the characteristic of ocean but then also it is different from ocean. And considering your deep understanding, I believe this is a metaphor, much easy to appreciate by western audience. Sanjeev
s1prasad Nice analogy but still think that putting the Brahman and the Tao in the same context is very likely problematic. Notice how I avoid talking about the Brahman in any detail tho. By means of analogy, it's like calling all Africans black without understanding the diversity of that continent in terms of culture and genetic traits. I would avoid the word God like the plague because of course there are Taoist (and Hindu) Gods. When you go to Beijing and enter the Bao Guan, cloud temple, under the statue of a God, there is the yin yang symbol. The yin yang symbol is also telling. It deals with duality. The world isn't black and white but comes in shades of Grey. If you want an analogy, I'd say compare the Tao to the laws that govern how things are. Your ocean and waves follow the rules of physics for example. But keep in mind that the Tao is more than just one simple set of laws as those laws are limited models.
well atlelast we should give him for that well try
@@gejost I don't think he said it in comparison to Taosim. You'll find comments related to Hinduism in other comments section too because for some reason the comments section in that video has been disabled. Although he might have just tried to explain about the specific instance where be tells about the Brahman-ब्रह्मण।
@@gejost And Hinduism also does not has anything to do with laws. There isn't any such thing as 'laws' in Hinduism. You ponder and question and question and try to find an answer. You proceed to know about the universe by first knowing about yourself. There have been great Hindus who can be classified as atheists in the Western world. That could not happen if there were laws.
I suppose, we know or understand light because of the existence of darkness. If there was no darkness there isn't a distinguished perception of light. The sun lights up the dark world, the candle/electricity brightens a dark room. Had there been only light around, we wouldn't know that it is light. So in a way, darkness could be looked at as the basis of knowing light. This could be an interpretation of those lines from the 'Tao Te Ching'.
While reading some books on Taoism, I always felt that Tao was not different from Atman or Bramhan . In Upanishads,it is clearly stated that if someone says he knows Bramhan,he actually does not know Bramhan, if someone says he does not know Bramhan,he actually knows Bramhan. In Upanishads ,specially Taitiriya, Kata,Ithiriya,Mundaka,Brihadaranyaka etc we get a clear picture of Bramhan,the Supreme being.We find different schools of thought in different religions.I always feel that God is playing hide and seek with the humanbeings and he must be laughing at our different versions . As per the Vedas, God is Sat(changeless truth)which is a word derived from the word"As(pronounced as us)which means in English "Is".Names and Forms are given to God only by humans .Often I wonder , whether Man has created God or God has created Man! God only can give authentic information.
Darkness is represented as an absence of recognizing one thing compared to another, in the darkness there is no chair no hat it is just one darkness, to the def there is no loud or quiet, it is one silence.
Great teaching! What religion would say we are both the butterfly and the man?
Once you give God or Tao a name, you can no longer be speaking of God or Tao because even an explanation begins to limit what they are. Also, Genesis begins in the Darkness not in the light.
Yes. Just to give him or it or her a name - or a sex - is to be an idolator.
Yes. Once you give him or her or it a name (or a sex) you become guilty of idolatry.
@@johnmartin2813 Guilty ?
@@inimacam3945: Idolatry is usually considered a bad thing.
I wish more Christians could understand that claiming Jesus is the only valid name for reaching God; combined with their clean-cut vision of Godly dress, presents as a form of idolatry.
Rare that I see someone agrees!
Plato was born in the 5th Century BCE
pretty interesting that darkness is used as a kind of metaphor whereas light is used within christianity, light in the yin yang represents a "masculine" sort force whereas yin represents a "feminine", that coinciding with all the masculine imagery in the abrahamic religions. i think Dao is about something that can be only understood intuitively, but that is the common denominator for all experience. Yin also represents mystery and the unconscious, hence perhaps the darkness inside darkness. i dont know, for me the imagery activates something very familiar
the good thing about the religions or beliefs of the East is that it gives you a choice of independence. For example the Buddhists strive for enlightenment and when enlightenment is achieved they can meet God and talk to Him as an equal. As for Taoism, if the followers can unlock the Tao within themselves, they can meet and talk to God just like the Buddhists do. And then they can sing the the song: "what if God were one of us, just a slob like one of us tried to make his way home....song from Joan Osborne.
Dr. Russel's reference to the Brahman is that of the view of Advaita Vedantists; which is to say that the Brahman and Atman are one and the same or rather that collective individuals constitute a
Singular whole. I think from this view he is not mistaken.
It shoud read bethi bethi. It was a mistake due to my technological challenges or arthritic finger. You choose!
Again the same mistake. It is neti neti not this not this. Process of elimination.
It's woww again., may be I've become quite biased about Mr. Russel as I am enjoying all of his religious speeches as I enjoy his witty storytelling. It's very natural to be different with his introspection or findings but as a narrator whoever dislike you or your demeanor, they are missing their life or happiness. May they get well soon and be back in the right track, 'coz it's always better late than never.
Namaskaaram...
Most of the biblical prophets all lived during the 6th century; Daniel had a vision of laotsu. In Daniel chapter 10; relating to 516 bc, the exact date of the 70 year captivity being over is when laozi is seen by Daniel coming from the east to visit Daniel with the scroll of truth.
that little story "man dream of butterfly" is so amusingly interesting. I got a good laugh out of it. On a serious aspect, the story characterizes the early sign of schizophrenia, as the term means "split mind". A schizophrenic often thinks that his or her own mind is stolen by others, claiming others read his or her mind. So everybody, do take good care of your health in general particularly your mind. I hope I am not crazy for sharing this "piece of my own mind".
it seems to me that this cycle of dark to light is the nature of unity, and thus in every way, we, every one of us, echo that progression. like a subject we want to know more about, we study, and go from darkness to lightness, or from the womb to birth, like in history we go from the dark times of not knowing to light times of knowing. I wouldn't say it's the actual state of 'dark' like a dark room, or a dark skinned person (which is what those fatal misguided colonialists thought), but rather a concept. Because it's the natural harmony of things to go from dark to light, i.e. we cannot live in full night or full day, it would be unwise to spend our over welcome in one aspect. When Lao Tzu says darkness comes from darkness, it is that stage of our journey that gives rise to "chaos", but it's still an important stage, we just have to grow out of that stage of the cycle. It wouldn't be any good to the lotus flower's intended destiny to stay under the pond. it has to brace the murky, dark water so it can bloom in to the sun. I truly believe that all humans know this on some level, and we're just waiting to discover it. Also, you are going to want to learn a lot when you're under the murky water about the chaos and the darkness that you live in. For me it was all sorts of things, but as long as you remember the light at the end of the tunnel, you'll be okay. And please take care of yourself while you're in the darkness… you want to make sure you make your peace with it. The night is so very beautiful.
It's like ☯️
Light in Dark
Dark in Light
Both is one as one is both
or as the Sanātana Dharma says it's the way of life
or is it?😑
It's like the grey area in black and white
Plato wasn't a contemporary of Confucius or Buddha.
17:20 it looks like Hinduism ADWAITA VEDANTA PHILOSOPHY
life exists on life
The Darkness has a parallel with Shiva-“that which is not”. This is an alignment with “dark energy “ in the universe
ДЕРЕВО - подобное мудрецу - летом зелено, а зимой спит. Как сказать о женщине как ЧЕЛОВЕКЕ, если она не подвластна суете будней, есть ли это вечное присутствие или имманентное ускользающее?
Dr Russel, I doubt thinking of the Tao in the context of the Bramin is correct. True that Budhist and Taoist traditin have mingled and interssect. I suspect, that the Tao is closer to the way things are, the rules, the playing field and such. However, one aspect that is important to understand involves the limitations of a model. A model is an approximation like the proverbial spherical cow. You can pigeon hole your perception of the cow by forcing it into your model. Rather, Taoists seem to emphasize perception rather than expression, an intuitive feel for these things, based on hard work and discipline. However, I do get that the way things are isn't solely in a material existence. THey do seem to have some concepts of heaven and such? Taoists have Gods apparently and those Gods also have to keep the Tao in mind. That's my understanding but it's pretty hard to get information on Taoism and it's diversity..
From my point of view Tao with Nirguna Brahman and the Gods(of the Taoist) with the Saguna-Brahman somewhat tally
the 1 thing we can agree other east cultures or east religions like buddhisim,hinduisim,confucius,taiosim we do not treat each other like strangers we both vist temple u vist in chinese temple i visit in indian temple i india our cultures u shall do this thing unlike abrahmic religions thats what enough for me.
Most of the religious cults in the east whether it is Taoism, Buddhist, Jain, Vedantic, Advaitha or confusion has there inspiration from upanishads.
🙏 That can be told, that can be named - is FINITE. The depiction of 'Light' as enlightenment presupposes the discovery (or depiction) of something that is essentially 'Finite' in the view of light. Once it is finite it ceases to be INFINITE (or Divine). Darkness retains the nondescript boundaries while allowing experiencing some facet. ZERO - its real understanding is pivot to realizing the INFINITY. In common day mathematics, both Zero and Infinity are essentially unrealized quantities, abstract, yet useful. Great depiction of Darkness.💐
In Tamil "சொன்னவர் கண்டதில்லை கண்டவர் சொன்னதில்லை " says the same thing - Those who had seen never say, and those who say, had never seen!
Omg this is sooo good🤣❤️
His mother being the Dao. We are always in the mothers womb in the sense of being in the Dao. Until he found the Dao he is birthed.
What if i tell u there lived a man with mystic powers in 90s and he had a conversation with albert Einstein secretary???? Jiddu KRISHNAMURTI with dr. Bohm ending of time ITS LIKE SOME DIFFERENT PERSON FROM HEAVENS TALKING
Christ the Eternal Tao is an interesting book. A good introduction to Eastern Christianity.
There is in Law Universal - TAT TU VAM ASY have created as the Breath of Nature - and this is in the SIGN of DAO - which speaks in the preaches on the Chinese as bamboo&flower, yes, and the Mystery of Life is in that occult subject where the STREAM has opened in OCEAN and this is called LOVE!
In the Book of Scooby Doo, it is written, BOOGIE BOOGIE BOOGIE BOO! And the angels called forth the Great Turtle of the Apocalypse, who roared, as only turtles can, Who ate all the god damned lettuce? But there were none to hear his anguish. And behold, my PANTS! MY PANTS! OH MY LOVELY PANTS!
Plato lived in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE. Even Socrates did not live in the 6th BCE
Lecture Summary:
EVERYTHING = DAO
Allan Watts lite**
does it really matter ^^
:) Even if it does how does it matter. /or/ it does not matter if it matters.
=) thats it u are wise
or not =)
I accept Not willingly. :)
You do not understand Toaism. That's why you had to digress every other minute. You need to study more translations of the Tao Te Ching, Liezi and Zhuangzi, and
Henri Borel's Wu Wei.
You know that Lu Ling guy just took off his clothes when the Confucians or the Jehovah's Witnesses showed up.
When light was created, there was already darkness....dualisme was born
God damn it, the very last story ruined me. That was funny as shit.
It seems whatever he is talking about tau, is same how we define (in Hinduism) Brahman, or purush and prakriti, or nature of the ultimate reality. Some of major Indian tgoughts and philosophy.
It seems to me, from the way he is explaining Tao, purely Indian thoughts and philosophy, mainly the way we define brahman or the ultimate reality.
In Hinduism too, we have seven seges, called saptarishi.
Actually whatever till now, I have understood from this lecture about Tau is that, actually it is discussing some of the basic thoughts of Hinduism., not the whole but yes some of the basic philosophy.
Like the culture of debate and questions are very common in Hinduism, in fact in every text you will find debate as the only way to understand the divine or brahman or ultimate reality or truth or knowledge. Be it ramayana or mahabharat or in puranas or be it vedas.
Similarly, we have purusha and prakriti, refering to male and female version of the same brahman,. i.e they are both same.
One is very familiar with the picture of Lord shiva in form of half shiva and half mata parvati., famously refered as ardhanarishwar, which depicts the male and female aspects of Brahman. Don't forget that, in different Hinduism texts it has been said that, Lord shiva, Lord Vishnu, Mata parvati or Durga, Lord Krishna are same, and they are identical to Brahman (or the ultimate reality), in other words, they are the Brahman.
Yin and yang are like Purusha and prakriti in Hinduism., with some differences.
Lord shiva is also worshiped as Lord of Ashuras or rakshas, or negative energy.
The story of horse which he told in the last, is actually a very often told story in India. I don't know why it seems to me that chinese may have come to India (which we know that in ancient India students from all over the worlds came for study) and may have influenced by it.
It's really surprising to me that, it can't be so much of similarity, and I am almost sure that someone do have gathered these thoughts from India.
Woww., really liked your evaluation and hats off to your intellect and intelligence. You are in the right track of your life journey as long we are in conscious and mindful state to apply it in our-self.
Imagine Greeks wwre discussing these thoughts even before 500 BC.....so that msy have the time when these may be main stream everywhere....who knows who started first
In non- religious perspective , darkness is the mother of light .....(.just my thought )
when the light matures it gives birth to a baby whom is called "darkness". That's the concept of the Yin and Yang.
Why is this lecture 90 percent not about Taoism
Not bad but almost nothing about the Daoist religious tradition as represented by Quanzhen and Zhengyi sects in China today. The Daodejing is only one text of the thousands of the Daoist canon, it does not represent the whole Daoist tradition. To understand the daoist tradition, one has to understand the other texts of the Daoist canon...
+Tom E The fourth Daozang of 1444 (Daoist canon) consist of around 5300 scrolls. Of course, there is the Dao De Jing and Zhuangzi which are the basic Daoist texts but also the commentaries of these texts (for example the Heshanggong, Xiang er, Wang Bi commentaries of Dao De Jing). Many texts about rituals and meditation practices including for example the Zuowanglun, the Santongji about meditation or internal alchemy. Texts about the life and deeds of the immortals. Texts about ethic and moral like the Tianshangganyingpian. Texts about alchemy like the Gehong Baopuzi, just to name a few. All these texts can give us a idea of what is actually Daoism. The mistake most of western people do is to understand "Daoism" just from Dao De Jing and Zhuangzi (and most of the time from bad translation, New Age books, or Zen Buddhist perspective). The problem is that these texts were written at a time when Daoism did not exists yet. Beside this, these texts were part of a whole belief system and assorted with oral teachings now lost. For example, in the Guodian tomb, the Dao De Jing is associated with other texts like the Taiyishengshui, a text about the cult of Taiyi, the Ultimate One (which is still worshipped today), just to give an example.
+Jean-Yves Woestyn Which book would you recommend to read to understand Taoism better?
+Shubhangini Shetty A good introduction would be "Taoism : an essential guide" by Eva Wong, a well informed and accessible book, not too scholarly.
And what people don't also understand is that there are open-door teachings that are given to the public, and closed-door teachings that are only given to those initiated into the lineage as a disciple.
Notice me, sempai!
I havent watched this video yet but I will.
It depends on what you consider a religion and becasue of the title of this video I felt that I needed to say this before I watched it ,just so people understand real Taoism isnt a religion it doesnt have Gods or Angels Devils demon s like religion does , of course there are take offs of Taoist ways of thought that added in these things becasue of other religions getting more follower that had God demoins Deities of some sort and turned there version into religion but real true taoism isnt a religion .
Thank you 🙏
God Long from is G = generator O= operator D= destroy.
Generator is a Brahma. operator is a Vishnu. destroy is a Shiva.
Electrons, protons, Neutrons this also three gods. Electron is a Brahma. Proton is a Vishnu. and neutrons is a Shiva.
All Dharmic religions seem very scientific compared to the Abrahmic religions.
Even Evolution as the 10-Avtars of Vishnu...
Stop comparing religions man. You sound immature "Mine is better than yours"
Why accept that Jesus (God incarnate) could (*gasp*) teach in the temple at age twelve, but not that Lao-Tzu was in the womb for eighty-two years? Because they are not the same thing. One is told in a straight-forward sense to be taken as a factual account in the context. The other is told in an exaggerated sense of a folktale to make a point. If you are conflating and equivocating the two this early in the lecture, it does not bode well.
A hack quack
Red Flag 🚩
Goat Tee on face
Pony tail on an Old Man? Nasty!
Earring? On an Old Man? Nasty!
Stranger Danger!
DAO Explaination:
Can't be Explained
Good speaker but he is wrong about immaculate conception. It does not mean virgin birth. It means to be born without original sin.
Sir, you probably take a lot of time
He doesn't understand taoism.
If you need attention, just say so.
Lao Zi got a name. Lee Er 李耳. You didn't do alot of research. You need to understand the language. What do you mean by Lao Zhi didn't care about if you are hungry or not? It is you that didn't care about people, children n women that the US n NATO invaded is hungry, suffer, n killed merylessly. I suggest you learn the Chinese language before you can blah blah like an idiot here.
i hate lecturers who try to be jokey and jovial
nice guy but annoying...
just get on with