8: The Great Interregnum: the Northern Crusades and the Ostsiedlung
Vložit
- čas přidán 22. 08. 2024
- In this episode, we discuss the eastward expansion and rapid decentralisation of the Holy Roman Empire between the 12th and 15th centuries.
In the aftermath of the annihilation of the House of Hohenstaufen in the 1250s and 60s, the Imperial throne (when it was occupied at all) was principally contested by three rival houses: the House of Habsburg, Luxemburg, and Wittelsbach, though none of these houses were able to establish a secure ruling dynasty until 1452. The centralised Imperial authority of the Ottonians and Salians gave way to the rule of hundreds of small states or Kleinstaaterei and the rise of city leagues in the north (Hansa) in Swabia and Switzerland. Meanwhile, German settlement facilitated by the Northern crusades, expanded beyond the traditional confines of East Francia at the Elbe River; to encompass Pomerania, Silesia, Prussia, and Livonia.
With:
Columba: / columba_1
Marcus Pertinax: / furiuspertinax
If you enjoyed this video, please like and leave a comment. It helps the channel a lot. Many thanks.
The most important economic factor has been omitted, and probably the main reason behind it all. Since neolithic, main trading item from baltic was amber. It was the most significant source of income for Teutonic order too. They had many groups of supervised peasants combing through the beaches in search of it all over the coast. They had total monopoly on it and soon amber made a big comeback and was sought after.. ". Many churches, ornate crosses & reliquaries are decorated with baltic amber since then....amber rosary beads were also very popular all over europe....
That's fascinating. I'd love to hear more.
I don't think it was the main reason for the invasion but it definitely sounds like that was the main method of financing the invasion and probably a contributing factor to the rationale.
What can I even say that was not said before.. just absolute top class. Cheers!
Great channel , would love to listen to the chaps dissecting battle of Lepanto and the decades before and after, so many juicy meatballs!!!
The three of you have such comprehensive perspectives on these subjects. Great work!
I recommend your channel when the opportunity presents itself, I so admire the content and it's creators.👍 The fact that you are also Catholic is an added bonus!😁
These crusades are also the start of serfdom in the Baltics and the beginning of the Baltic Germans as an aristocracy who, after their military power was destroyed in the late middle age, lent their services to whoever was strongest in the region. Denmark, Sweden, ultimately Russia.
True.
Fantastic episode. The theme is the last gasp of high medieval decentralized movements. Thanks for turning it into a narrative.
Fascinating subjects
24:00 - I wonder if similarity of climate was a consideration. Fighting in Poland sounds a lot more appealing to a north German than the Levant, with all its heat, strange foods and diseases.
Thanks for the pictures! Great art illuminates great history.
Coming in 2 years late but this was a great stream! Learning so much about a very confusing time in Germanic history - but also an extremely important and formative one. Cheers!
Yes! The Slavic/Germanic border was much further West than what I used to imagine - not over towards Berlin as I once thought but with the Arbotriti tribe which was virtually in the Schleswig -Holstein area and also with Mecklinburg and the House or dynasty of eagles.
Lesser known fact is that there were 8 crusades against bogumil heretics in medieval Bosnia.
The Livonian branch of the Order existed until the 1560s. Semi-independent Duchy of Courland and Semigallia existed until the end of the 18th century (having its own colonies in Africa and S.America in the 17th century) and German people were the main players in the region until 1914, yes until 1914 and even until December 1939. In Riga namely, Kurland, Livland and Estland, the German language stopped being the only official language only in the late 1880s - early 1890s, after that, it coexisted as a local official language with Russian, Latvian and Estonian until 1914, and as a spoken language until 1944-45, for obvious reasons. Even today, if you visit Riga or Tallinn, you will find that 100% German influence at every corner of the historic city centre, in the traditions, cuisine and the languages of Latvians and Estonians, even in their faces anthropologically (and genetically), for obvious reasons.
Very true,
Erwin. But its better to 🤫.
Great episode! Will you talk about Poland/Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at some point?
I honestly don't know, my list of projects is already too long. Current list: Season 4: Anatomy of Austria-Hungary, Season 5: Children of Albion, Season 6/7: Empire of Finance, Season 6/7: Sons of Heaven.
@@ApostolicMajesty bellyblobs!
Do it, Please!
Of Note. I heard somewhere, I can't for the life of me remember where. But was the decay of Forests and in particular wood to make quality longbows a one part for the decline in Western Archery back in the late medieval era?
Longbows were a Welsh and English phenomenon rather than a 'western' phenomenon. Given the deforestation of England during this period I wouldn't be surprised, nevertheless the longbow persisted way beyond the advent of Gunpowder, such as at the Battle of Flodden (1513) with later instances in the 17th century.
I agree that the "crusades" did not end in the middle east. The Pope was calling "crusades" into the 15th and 16th century with the Albigension's in Southern France
member of moravian audience here :D
It's quite ironic that these orders are very much alive today with the teutonic order headquarters in the Czech Republic with their flag often being a white cross on a black background, bit like the white crosses on the Ukrainian military vehicles, along with the black and white cross of the merged teutonic and brotherhood of the swords. Also quite ironic that we see wars in both parts of the world, northeast Europe and Isreal, symbology catches the eye sometimes. Also with zelensky going to the pope just after the war started for his papal bull.
2:02:00 - It's the focus of Kingdom Come:Deliverance, surely everyone knows it by now.
Can you use roman numerals for one of these series? it's so easy to mix things up atm
Damn you AM, now I'm forced to reload Medieval Total War 2 and navigate Windows 10 with it. 😏 After getting this far in the Charlemagne series.
Suspect this will cause you to recoil as badly as the mention of HOI4.
To get more in the mood going to have to watch Kingdom of Heaven directors cut again if course. 😈😁
That was dense.
AM should rebrand as an EU4 lore channel.
Ugh
@@ApostolicMajesty too bad. It’s already happened.
Maybe these three could do an EU4 stream just for lols and memes! 😂
@@Marcoz588 I would not be opposed!
I was just thinking how exciting it was to have such a base of knowledge now for the situation at the 1444 start. Also why the dislike on EU4 AM, its driven such a massive interest of hundreds of thousands of people into history.
Nice
Damn, as a Canadian , I couldn't even say our line as fast as him.. and I think it's just french-british-done
Beans? Peas.. perhaps the Columbian exchange might be an addition to the show, or lecture on the subject of agricultural history? What's fun is the "export them" in context to this timber from primordial forest occurs just before the topic of the frequency at which tows are founded along waterways. Hunting game is horrifically inefficient as compared to trapping. Line fishing is a fine sport but nets yield an order of magnitude more food. Does one run net fishing when people are floating timber barges 100 yards in length down the river? Not at the intensity one would otherwise. Bandits? If you have towns, crusaders and general political dominance coinciding with an economic upswing... The Germans didn't found towns and cities inland amid woodlans because of bandits? This stream has gem and canard and a fair amount of historical scholarship in the mix!
What about the Swiss pikemen being able to defeat mounted knights thus ending chivalry?
Much later 13/14. cent
Ostzeedlung. 😊
"ummm uhhh ummm uhh uhh uhh" every single one of your streams that has either Columba or Marcus involved is an immediate drop in quality and becomes immensely more painful to listen to
Oh cry on about it!