Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Explained! | Neuroscience Methods 101
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- čas přidán 24. 06. 2022
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging, or DTI, is a brain scan that shows the connections within the brain. Here is how it works.
The white matter of the brain shows the axonal bundles, i.e. the connections between neurons. Making an image of these white matter bundles, tractrography, gives us an idea of which areas are interconnected.
For this we use diffusion weighted imaging, or diffusion weighted MRI. Abbreviated as DWI or DW-MRI, it looks at the diffusion of hydrogen protons. Since hydrogen protons do not stand still but more aroud, making smart use of different magnetic gradients in the MRI can help to see in which areas hydrogen is diffusion or not. A DWI can reveal where diffusion is restricted, which can give an indication of neurological problems, such as stroke.
After we have a diffusion weighted image, we can go further by calculating the fraction anisotropy. This value shows if diffusion is stronger in one direction than in the other directions. In the brain this is mainly the case in white matter axons. By calculating these tensors we get an image the represents where white matter bundles are going.
References/resources:
Soares, J. M., Marques, P., Alves, V. & Sousa, N. A hitchhiker’s guide to diffusion tensor imaging. Front. Neurosci. 7, (2013). doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2013.00031
Tsolaki, E., Downes, A., Speier, W., Elias, W. J. & Pouratian, N. The potential value of probabilistic tractography-based for MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. NeuroImage Clin. 17, 1019-1027 (2018). doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2017.1...
Caiazzo, G., Trojsi, F., Cirillo, M., Tedeschi, G. & Esposito, F. Q-ball imaging models: comparison between high and low angular resolution diffusion-weighted MRI protocols for investigation of brain white matter integrity. Neuroradiology 58, 209-215 (2016). doi.org/10.1007/s00234-015-16...
Tian, Q. et al. Diffusion MRI tractography for improved transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy targeting for essential tremor. NeuroImage Clin. 19, 572-580 (2018). doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.0...
Kamada, K. et al. Functional Monitoring for Visual Pathway Using Real-time Visual Evoked Potentials and Optic-radiation Tractography: Oper. Neurosurg. 57, 121-127 (2005). doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.000016...
Kamada, K. et al. Visualization of the frontotemporal language fibers by tractography combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography. J. Neurosurg. 106, 90-98 (2007). doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106....
Martin, A. R. et al. Translating state-of-the-art spinal cord MRI techniques to clinical use: A systematic review of clinical studies utilizing DTI, MT, MWF, MRS, and fMRI. NeuroImage Clin. 10, 192-238 (2016). doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2015.1...
Narrated by: Miles Wischnewski
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Very clear and probably as simplified as it can be, so it is digestable, but not too simplified either. Very useful, thank you.
Many thanks for the nice words!
Just found the channel. You guys do GREAT work with relatively short videos. Excellent!
Thank you so much for the kind words! :)
Thank for making this, your explanation was great!
Thank you! :)
Great and simple explanation!
Thank you
Thx alot. !!
Great quality video and clear information. Well done!
Thank you so much Raquel! 🙂
@@real.psyched really great! I loved the light hearted yet very technical definition and thank you for including all the information to fully explain it - not just half or some little tiny bits.
@@zodkip3147 Thank you! :)
Muchas gracias, qué buen video.
¡De nada!
Great video to start my birthday! :D
Happy Birthday! Enjoy the day! :)
Can water diffusion explain how reflexology work? For example, if someone massage my foot, I feel it in my brain. Maybe dynamic of water in the brain is affected when we do a pressure on water diffusion fibers in foot.
Sensation in the feet is transmitted by sensory receptors to the somatosensory cortex.
Can metheoropathy be explained by water diffusion? Maybe changes in atmosferic pressure, air humidity and temperature, affects water diffusion so we feel sensations in damaged tractographies.
Water diffusion as measured by DWI is a structural measurement and makes no conclusions about functions (i.e. sensations)
@@real.psyched I know but maybe in the future could be tool for making theorys and explaining some conceptd etc.
*fractional anisotropy, not entropy
Is there any disease in which water starts to recede from some body structures?
Not to my knowledge, but I am no expert
@@real.psyched thank you
nice video but please dont show protons and call em hydrogen-atoms