The Sound of the Proto-Malayic language (Numbers, Vocabulary & Sample Text)
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- čas přidán 6. 09. 2024
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Proto-Malayic
Reconstruction of: Malayic languages
Reconstructed ancestors: Proto-Austronesian, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Proto-Malayic has a total of 19 consonants and 4 vowels.
Proto-Malayic lexemes are mostly disyllabic, though some have one, three, or four syllables. Lexemes have the following syllable structure:
If you are interested to see your native language/dialect to be featured here. Submit your recordings to crystalsky0124@gmail.com. Looking forward to hearing from you!
I can hear so much words that are still being used in today’s Tagalog and Cebuano. Laban!!!!
Laban Kapamilya hahaha
Laban kapuso ahahaha
Philippine languages are much older than proto-Malayic... Malayic languages developed in Borneo after expansion of Austronesian speakers FROM the Philippines.. A huge failing of the Philippine educational system is perpetuating the lie that Filipinos are "Malays" instead of being Austronesians. I don't blame you if you don't know that fact, many Filipinos still don't.
@@sitandchill2897 what you say is true. Many Filipinos still believe the Sunda-Centric Migration Theory. Most of the modern day ASEAN countries accept the Taiwan- Centric Migration Theory, because it makes more sense.
But the term Malayan refers to all Austronesians residing in Maritime South East Asia. Because all of us are Malayo-Polynesians.
@@GaryHField I don't know that people in Philippines are still believing in Sunda-Centric theory, that theory has been debunked.
I’m Malaysian and I understand 90% of these words. Many of them are still in use today. Especially by people speaking in different dialects
I understand 90.5%
As an Indonesian that can speak Indonesian, Javanese, Malay, Betawi, and little Minang and Sundanese (all of them are Austronesian languages) I can understand 95% of this
Sampurasun teh prima aksara, anjeun boga ig na teu?
mpok bisa bahasa betawi?
Panjenengan saget basa Jawi?
Kowe bisa basa Jawa?
Iya, ada beberapa kata yg mirip bahasa sunda
Ketika native speaker bahasa inggris udah gak ngerti lagi bahasa proto germanic, bahkan bahasa old english aja udah gak bisa ngerti
Orang indo/malay masih ngerti bahasa proto nya👍👍👍
It's really cool right? ✊✨
Benar sekali, ternyata bahasa kita telah ada sejak dahulu yaitu sejak sebelum Masehi
bangga jadi orang nusantara
Bhs proto malay ini lebih muda dari bahasanya sriwijaya😂 gw bahasanya sriwijaya gk paham samasekali anying😂
@@datastats7650 yg sriwijaya pengaruh sanskertanya banyak banget
Malayic languages in malaysia are malay, selako/kanaytn and iban. Many words in proto malayic are still well preserved in the iban language. Malayic may have originate in west borneo where Iban and selako/kanaytn still remain
@kepala kentang yes but ibanic and selako are seperate languages. Iban has a lot of varieties too, seberuang, mualang, kantu, rejang, saribas, sebauh, remun etc
Joe, The Malay(Melayu-Minangkabau-Kerinci), Cham/Champa, Acehnese, Iban, Urak Lawoi(Phuket or Tanjung Salang in Malay, before was annexed by Siam in Kedah-Siam war), are come from Northwest Borneo, Champa migrant into today Central Vietnam and establish Champa Kingdom were many ruins and temple can be see today even many destroyed and blowup by Vietnamese, take brick to build road or house, and Vietnam-US war. Origin of Malay is from Borneo not Sumatra, only Sriwijayan that spread Malay language, influence and culture, that why Sumatra, Peninsular coastal Borneo and some part of Philippines like Sulu archipelago, West Mindanao culture base on Malay culture, Sulu, Maguindanao, and Lanao preserve their language, but Malay is lingua franca, that why many treaty written in Jawi and Malay language. and Sulu traditional dress, headdress, palace style, and concept of "Kota" is base on Malay similar to Bruneian, Banjarese/South Kalimantan, Peninsular and Sumatran. also Sulu pre-jawi writing like Lontarsug similar to Malay Rencong script, and other Sumatran script like Rejang, Kerinci/Incung, Batak, because they get influenced from Malay. Baybayin in Luzon and Buhid in Visaya also base on this. in Bali it base on Javanese script that why Balinese and Lombok culture and architecture similar to Javanese(East Java).
@kepala kentang melayu Malaya kebanyak keturunan Thai (etnik tai) dan Combodia ( etnik khmer) kecuali minang /jawa /bugis / banjar/ melayu sumatra berhijarh ke melaya
Lima gang intensifies!
Edit : i speak Indonesian. I understand about 85% of this.
More like, "Lima gang originates." This is from when our gang was still young :)
Kau tidak sendiri kawan wkwkwkw
I speak Sarawakian Malay and I understand 95% of them! Interesting to see how our language diverged into different languages and dialects.
I am Filipino and understand 65% of these words. Some of them are evenly distributed in our local dialects.
Temuan language :
1-satuk / sai (old number)
2- duak / menuai (old number)
3- tigak / melikai (old number)
4- empat / kalau (old number)
5- limak /manai (old number)
6- nam / pitan (old number)
7- tujuh / tanduk (old number)
8- lapan /koceng (old number)
9 semilan / cagok (old number)
10- sepuluh.
Duano language :
Kampung pontian besar :-
1- sikok .
2- duhu .
3- tigu .
4-ompot.
5- limu .
6-nep.
7 - tuju.
8- laput.
9- semilut.
10-Sepulu.
Kampung bumiputera dalam :-
1- sikok .
2- du .
3- tiguk .
4-ompat.
5- limu .
6-enam.
7 - tujuoh.
8- lapun.
9- sembilat.
10-Sepulo.
Kampung kuala benut :-
1- sikok .
2- du .
3- tigu .
4-ompat.
5- limu .
6-nem.
7 - tujuoh.
8- lapet.
9- semilan.
10-Sepuloh.
Pahang malay language (Central pahang ) :
1- se.
2- duwe.
3- tige.
4- mpaek.
5 - lime.
6 -nang.
7 - tujoh.
8 - lapaen.
9 - smilaen.
10 - spuloh.
Kelantanese malay language :
1- so.
2- duo/duwo
3- tigo.
4- pak.
5 - limo.
6 -ney.
7 - tujoh.
8 - lapey.
9 - smiley.
10 - spuloh.
Terengganu malay language :
1- se.
2- duwe.
3- tige.
4 - pak.
5- lime.
6-nang.
7-tujoh.
8 -lapang.
9-smilang.
10 - spuloh.
Kedahan malay language :
1 - sa.
2 - duwa .
3 - tiga /delu (in piama bendang).
4 - pat.
5 - lima.
6 - nam.
7 - tujoh.
8 - lapan .
9 - semilan /smilan.
10 - sepuloh /spuloh.
I am Indonesian and i understand 90% in this language.
I'm a Malaysian and I understand around 80% of the words here. And I'm not a native Malay speaker.
Sama, gue jg
Ya karena sejarah pribumi Indonesia yg menempati wilayah kalimantan,dll itu dulunya proto melayu
As non native speaker Malaysian , I can understand 90% of these.
Bahasa lingua Franca Nusantara pas masih kerajaan mirip bahasa Indonesia sekarang yang jadi bahasa nasional
If you speak Sarawakian Malay, you'll relate to a lot more of these words such as sidak, tunok, kemih and how some numbers have the glottal stop at the end.
Also, what just blew my mind is the word for yellow is 'kunit' sounding like word 'kunyit' for turmeric that has a yellow colour.
I’m a Tagalog speaker and a lot of these words have cognates with Tagalog as well!
as an Indonesian living in north Kalimantan, I'm totally surprised that I know 95% of this language, it's like a mixture between standard indonesian/malay and northern Kalimantan dialect
One theory that stands out the most is that proto malayic came from borneo and spread over to neighbouring regions.
Hence why many bornoen malay/iban speakers can udnerstand this more than sumatra or peninsular
Dah emang Proto-Malayic asalnya dari barat Borneo, wilayah Kalbar dan Sarawak..
As an east Kalimantan people, i understand 95%
Native Sarawakian here, on Borneo as well. I speak Sarawakian Malay natively. I understood 93 to 95 percent. It sounds almost like Kedayan/Brunei Malay with a guttural R to my ears.
@@zebimicio5204 malay di malaya bukan original Austonesia , dna mereka most Thai(thai ) dan Combodia (khmer) atau dna semang kecuali minang jawa bugis banjar di malaysia berhirjah dari sumatra/borneo /pulau jawa ke tanah melaya...
Wow Interesting. So many proto-Malay words still used in Iban language in Borneo today. And I just realized Iban still retains the consonant 'b' while it has been change to 'w' in most of modern Malay words. i.e
Kaban > Kawan (Friend)
Laban > Lawan (To fight off)
Tabar > Tawar ( bland)
Other words that are still being used in Iban today,
Grandfather = Aki '
They = Sida'
Sea = Tasik
Spirit 'sumangat' > semangat
Color 'Curak' > Churak
To poop 'ba-hira' > bira'
To pee 'kemih' > kemi'
To burn 'tunu' = tunu
To burn up brushword 'pandu(hk)' > panduk (means to cook in iban)
To answer 'sahut' > saut
To own 'empu' = empu
To squirt 'purancit(kt)' > peranchit
To carry off 'taban' = taban
Short 'pandak' = pandak
Dirty 'kamah' = kamah
Loud 'ingar' > inggar
Putrid 'bangar' > bangar
Dark 'peteng' > petang
Brain 'u(n)tek > untak
Chicken 'manuk' = manuk
Malay - influence from sanskrit and arab
I just realised that Lapan/Delapan is "take 2 out from ten" and Sembilan is "take 1 out from ten",
As a Malay speaker I can Understand 96 percent of this video and I can see how it changes to our modern languages. I want to to know how many can Tagalog speaker understand?
Most words. I would say around 80%. It becomes more comprehensible if you speak other Filipino languages such as Visayan. In Filipino, eight is 'walo' and nine is 'siyam'. Sampu is a contraction of Isang (1) Pulo. Pulo is 10 in the language family.
About 90% in visayan. Just variations in pronunciations and spelling. With addition and subtraction of syllables
Bang boleh terang tak apa maksud ni
(Lapan/Delapan is "take 2 out from ten" and Sembilan is "take 1 out from ten")
@@boostednd5908
delapan = ambil dua dari sepuluh
(10 - 2 = 8)
sembilan = ambil satu dari sepuluh, sem-AMBIL-an
(10 - 1 = 9)
@@boostednd5908 take 2 out of ten = buang 2 dari sepuluh = 10-2=8
Take 1 out of ten = buang 1 dari sepuluh = 10-1=9
I think it's safe to say that if someone from Proto-Malayic era is present today in Indonesia/Malaysia, they would have no problem communicating.
There will be misunderstanding
as an indonesian, i think proto malay is easier to understand than old malay because of the large number of Sanskrit vocabulary in old malay
I speaking Minangkabau language daily, and i speaking Indonesia as formal.
I understand 95% of this language 👍👍
Being a native Filipino and hearing this was fascinating. So many of the words and cognates are in various Philippine languages.
Remember when malay/indonesian was really close to Tagalog?
yup, tagalog and indonesian are nearly tge same. also this is mind blowing. all of this language i understand 90%
Not totally from tagalog actually, some words are used here are also used in Cebuano, Ilocano, Pangasinense and the closest, Kapampangan in the modern times.
@@aliveBM Ilocano is the most similar to Modern Malay. But the ancient form of it is closer to Tagalog. I don’t know why that is, LOL. It shifted so much.
@@GaryHField I think Sinama and Bahasa Sug are closer to Malay considering there are native speakers in Indonesia and Malaysia? If you're talking about what's closer to Bahasa Melayu idk if they are as similar as compared to Pangasinense or Ilocano
Besides Lima (5) I think Anak (child) is also very common in many austronesian languages
Bunga, anak and Ikan too!
@@BastiaanvandeWerk layar(sail) too
What really wonders me are those words with ikan, anak and mata are almost in all Austronesian languages, maybe because they use it for everyday life coz we live by the sea i guess and mostly family oriented.
So the rolling R was not native to Malay speakers. That's why many eastern and northern dialect don't roll their R. I believe southern people roll the R because of Javanese and Sumatran Influence.
Yes. Javanese have hard R pronounciation , like español
kelantenese dialect also dont roll their R
Bahasa melayu perak also dont roll their 'r'
Me from perak : can roll 'r' when speak dialek malay kl😊
Pariaman dialect in Indonesia also do not roll their r clearly. It's exactly like the ɣ in the video. 😀
Im makassarian of South Sulawesi and we roll the RRRR sound a lot. If you cant roll the Rrr here, just prepare yourself cause people will make fun of you.
It's so cool that "tasik" in Tagalog means saltwater. Also "danaw" which means lake in some other Philippine languages. Maybe that's where "Maranao" was derived from
Its nice to know that the proto malay is not far from the modern version of the malay language, if we time travel back into those times, it will be more difficult for us to talk to them then it is for us to understand them. In simple terms, we understand them, they might have a hard time understanding us.
Wow.. to be honest, old/proto malayic language was understandable to indonesians, no matter what... and most words are still used in modern bahasa indonesia, bahasa banjar, kutai, jawa, etc.. it's simply amazing how 1 languages can evolved to so many languages
I am from Indonesia and my native language is Indonesian. I can understand at least 80% of this proto language. here is my attempt of comparing Proto-Malayic with modern Indonesian. enjoy.
.
Proto Melayu
paɣtutuɣan kita
pertuturan kita (bahasa kita)
.
Proto (modern cognate; modern non-cognate)
1 - esa (esa; satu)
2 - dua
3 - telu; no cognate in Indonesian as I know, Indonesian uses "tiga" instead, but some local languages still use "telu"
4 - empat
5 - lima
6 - enem (enam)
7 - tujuh
8 - duaalapan (delapan)
9 - saalapan, saambilan (sembilan)
10 - sapuluh (sepuluh)
11 - sapuluh esa (sepuluh-esa; sepuluh-satu; sebelas)
12 - sapuluh dua (sepuluh-dua; duabelas)
39 - kuɣang esa empat puluh (kurang esa empat puluh; kurang satu empat puluh; tigapuluh sembilan)
99 - saɣatus kuɣang esa (seratus kurang esa; seratus kurang satu; sembilan puluh sembilan)
Mother - ema?(emak; ibu)
Father - apa?, ajah (bapak; ayah)
Husband - laki (laki; suami)
Wife - bini (bini; istri)
Friend - kaban (kawan; teman)
Child-in-law - binantu (menantu)
Child - anak
Grandparent - nini? (nenek, used as grandmother)
Grandfather - nini?, aki? (nenek, used as grandmother; [k]akek); local languages still use "aki"
Uncle - mama? (the closest cognate in Indonesian might be "paman")
Head of clan - datu? (datuk); not used much in Indonesia, but in Malaysia this is used to generally refer to a grandfather
God - hiang (hyang); "hiang" in Malaysia, less common in both Indonesian and Malay, "tuhan" is more commonly used, doublet of "tuan"
Outsider, human - uɣang (orang); in Indonesian and Malay this means "person", while English "human" is more commonly translated as "manusia", loaned from Sanskrit.
house - ɣumah (rumah)
wall - dinding (dinding); synonymous with "témbok"
Roof - hatep (atap)
Pole/pillar - tihang (tiang)
Bamboo house partition - bilik (bilik, a partition in the same room); in Malaysia it's more common to use this word for a room in general.
Mirror - caɣemin (cermin)
Silver - piɣak (pérak)
Grain - gaɣem (garam); in modern usage it refers to salt.
Yard - halaman
I - aku; now used only in familiar/informal form; for formal situation "saya" is used.
We (exc) - kami
We (incl) - kita
You (sing) - kau (kau; engkau); used in modern times in very informal situations, in poems and to address God.
You (pl) - kamu; now used only as a singular, more familiar form; for the plural form, "kalian" (from "kamu"+"sekalian", meaning "you all at once") is used.
He/she/it - ia (ia; dia)
They - sida?; no cognate in Indonesian as I know.
Title, surname - gelaɣ (gelar)
Sun - haɣi (hari; matahari); in modern usage "hari" is a period of 24 hours.
Moon - bulan
Star - bintang
Sky - langit
Cloud - abwan (awan)
World, land - banua (benua; dunia; daratan); benua in modern usage is a continent.
Sea - tasik; in modern usage 'tasik' is another word for a lake.
Shore area - laut; 'laut' is a sea instead in modern usage.
I love how Hiligaynon (Ph dialect) is even closer to Malay than Tagalog itself
Hiligaynon is a language not a dialect.
I am Indonesian that lives in Central Kalimantan where we speak mostly Dayak and Banjar i can say these languase are similar like in the video
Sebagai orang Melayu dan penutur bahasa Melayu, saya dapat memahami hampir 90% daripada perkataan-perkataan tersebut.
I speak Indonesian and Sundanese, and I understand the story almost 100% 😁
kula ge sami ngartos kana ieu babasan, ngan jiga na mun di sunda tea mah laut teh sagara
boa meureun tasik ge hartosna sami jeung sagara nya
Leres pisan kahartos ku pribados ge kang😂😂😂
Some cognates between Proto Malayic and Urak Lawoi' (Malayic language native to southern Thailand, especially Krabi and Phuket)
*pagi > pagi (morning)
*uləɣ > ulal (Yuban dialect). Ulop (Lanta island dialect)
*datuʔ > datoʔ (guardian spirit), toʔ- (use in the specific name of Datoʔ E.g. toʔ kaja, toʔ giri)
*aiɣ > aje (water)
*aku > ku (saya in Malay and /sajɔ/ in Pattani malay) (I, me)
*lihat > lihaiʔ (look)
*daləm > dalap (in, within)
*ɣumah > rumah (/ɣumɔʔ/ in Pattani Malay) (house)
*pisaŋ > pisak (banana)
*kajuʔ (stem of plants) > Kaju (wood)
To name a few.
There are more cognates here but I'm not very fluent Basa Urak Lawoi' speaker. Proto Malayic seems to be more similar to Bahasa Melayu, I think?
The most regular sound changes from PM to Urak Lawoi'
1. penultinate syncope (ber- prefix might become b- cluster like Bladu from ladu (to rest) and reduction in some light initial syllable E.g. Aku > ku.
2. Fortition of nasal coda to voiceless stop.
3. Dipthongization of Vt rime to aiʔ (and aih which I don't remember the proto-malayic form)
4. *-s, *-h > -h.
5. lost of coda *-r in many forms E.g. besar (in malay) > basɔ.
As I mentioned, I'm not a very fluent Urak Lawoi' speaker. I'm still learning it, but here's what I want to share.
are you a native speaker of Urak Lawoi'? If yes, can I learn Urak Lawoi'' with you?
Pronunciation is closer to Tagalog back then, with little suffix/prefix.
Remember the Laguna Copperplate Inscription? It’s a mixture of Ancient Tagalog and Ancient Malay, plus Sanskrit and Javanese.
@@GaryHField I see no ancient Tagalog besides names of places...
I am of Dayak Iban ethnicity and I found a couple of words that is being used in today's Iban language are found in Proto Malayic language.
As borneo malay, i understand a lot of these word, and we are West Borneo Malay and Sarawakian Malay still use them in our daily malay language
My ancestor's language. I'm proud that I'm Malay
Okay.
I live in Dharmasraya, Sumatera Barat. Here, we call bf/gf as "Kabat". So similar with "Kaban" in this video
if you are used to many malay languages and dialects, then this is a piece of cake to grasp.
So...Malayic r are actually guttural? I know that Peninsular Malays tend to pronounce it as guttural r but I thought it was their own thing, and Minang and Palembangnese (especially the elderly and those who are 'exclusively' Palembangnese) also tend to use the guttural pronunciation.
I live most of the year in Palembang and spend my vacation days in home island Bangka, so I mainly speak Malay dialects every day but this fact shook me. Makasih banyak I Love Languages, baru tau soal ni 😬
Palembangnese, I'm interested to know that. Because I was born in Palimbang Philippines.
@@boychodurendes752 that's maybe the same word too! Palembang is a city in southern Sumatra
Interesting, "tasik" in old Tagalog is sea water, which nowadays we simply call "tubig alat" (saltwater) or "tubig dagat" (sea water).
Very close to my native language. The cebuano/bisaya. So good to know that we do have a similar language in our neighboring countries. 😊😊
I'm Filipino and it's so interesting to see how the Proto-Malayic vocabulary seems to be more similar with modern Philippine languages. I live in Singapore and I have been exposed to Bahasa Melayu; many of these words are lost or changed drastically that they are so different and hard to draw connections with.
alot of malay migrated to the philipines bringing the the protic malay language, spreading culture and way of life. So you're welcome filipino bros
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinos_of_Malay_descent
@@dingdong5908 bro filipino are austronesian not Malay
It's amazing that I, a Malaysian native Malay speaker, can still understand the sample sentence at least 90% of it. Some of the words are not (or no longer) used in my own dialect, but knowing other dialects that still use the words greatly helped the understanding.
Ancestor of Malay( including Indonesian,Malaysian),Banjarnese,Minangkabau,Beraunese
Ninety nine = Saratus kurang Esa (100-1)
I think the old malay are smart on mathematics
My ancestor are big brain people
Yup. Also word origin of the royal town named Kuala Kangsar. Kuala "kurang esa seratus" as this town located at the 99th stream from the mouth of Perak river.
thank you for the video I love languages! love from Malaysia 🇲🇾 I can understand 90% from the proto malayic language
Yeah, ancestor language of Standard Malay and Indonesian
Indonesian is Standard Malay too and have loan words from Dutch,Javanese,Sundanese
@@jxcsg Maybe the person meant Standard Malay that is used on Malaysia, SG and Brunei. Both are ancestor of the old Malay. Grandchildren of the same grandparent
@@jxcsg standard malay is used in sg, brunei, and malaysia. Indonesia used indonesian malay.
They're two different branches that came from the johor riau dialect. So they're cousin languages that are VERY closely relatwd to eachother
Ancestor of all malayic language actually. Recent ancestor of standard indonesian and standard malaysian malay are classical malay from malaccan sultanate era.
For most of the Filipinos, they know the words, they understand the words. But when they hear someone speaking this, it feels so foreign, like it's Malaysian or Indonesian.
To give u a context, it's like, u a Mandarin speaker, hearing a Cantonese conversation
sejarah Etno Lingusitik menjelaskan Bahwa pada masa lalu, Khmer, Thai dan semenanjung Melaya/ Malay Peninsula itu dulu rumpun bahasanya bahasa Kra- dai atau Tai - Kadai (Rumpun Bahasa Khmer/ Burma, Thai, Laos atau rumpun bahasa Austro Asiatik) adalah rumpun bahasa yang dituturkan di Chuna selatan, timur laut India (Assam), dan Asia Tenggara. Bahasa resmi negara yang termasuk kelompok ini adalah bahasa, Burma, Thai dan Laos yang menjadi bahasa resmi di Thailand, Laos sampai ke semenanjung Malaya. Situs Ethnologue mencatat ada 95 bahasa yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok ini, dengan 62 di antaranya merupakan bagian dari rumpun bahasa Tai.
Tingkat keragaman rumpun bahasa Tai-Kadai yang tinggi di china selatan menunjukkan bahwa rumpun bahasa ini berasal dari daerah selatan China sekitar wilayah selatan Yunnan dan Burma. Salah satu cabangnya, yaitu rumpun bahasa Tai, baru berpindah ke Asia Tenggara sampai semenajung Melaya sekitar tahun 1000 M...
Setelah masa sriwijaya penerus dari kerajaan Melayu Sribuja dari sumatra bahasa Kra Dai dari semenanjung malaya sampai ke Thai/ Siam selatan (patani, Langkasuka, Kedah ) mulai bercampur dengan bahasa melayu Sumatra dan Riau (Proto dan Deutro Melayu).. Bahasa Proto Melayu asalnya dari Taiwan yang menggunakan bahasa Melayu Austronesia/ Melayu Polinesia.. sejarah bahasa Kra dai ini ada pada prasasti Grahi yang berbahasa Kra dai / Khmer Kuno ..
"Transliterasi teks prasasti Grahi menurut pembacaan Coedes adalah sbb.:
11006 (sic) çaka thoḥ nakṣatra ta tapaḥ sakti kamrateṅ añ Mahārāja çrīmat Trailokyarājamaulibhūṣanabarmmadeba pi ket
jyeṣṭha noḥ buddhabāra Mahāsenāpati Galānai ta cāṃ sruk Grahi ārādhanā ta mrateṅ çrī Ñāno thve pra
timā neḥ daṃṅon mān saṃrit bhāra mvay tul bir ta jā byāy mās tap tanliṅ ti ṣthāpanā jā prati
mā mahājana phoṅ ta mān sarddhā ‘anumodanā pūjā ṇamaskāra nu neḥ leṅ sa -- pān sarvvajñatā
- ha ta jā --
Terjemahan teks Prasasti Grahi dengan bahasa melayu:
Pada tahun Saka 1105 (1183),[2] atas perintah Kamraten An Maharaja Srimat Trailokyaraja Maulibhusanawarmadewa, hari ketiga bulan naik bulan Jyestha, hari Rabu, Mahasenapati Gelanai yang memerintah Grahi menyuruh mraten Sri Nano membuat arca Buddha. Beratnya 1 bhara 2 tula, dan nilai emasnya 10 tamlin. Arca ini didirikan agar semua orang yang percaya dapat menikmati, memuliakan, dan memujanya di sini .... mencapai kemahatahuan ..
Sedangkan Bahasa Proto melayu.. berkembang di wilayah Champa atau Vietnam (Nanyue) Selatan, karena di vietnam selatan inilah salah satu persebaran Rumpun Melayu / Austronesia dari Yunnan/ Selatan China (etnis non sino/ Han) dari suku Apatani, yang merupakan leluhur bangsa melayu kuno menyebar ke Taiwan, Filipina, Kalimanatan, Sumatra, jawa.. Bukti bahasa Proto melayu ada pada kerajaan Champa ada pada prasasti Dong yen Chau berbahasa proto melayu - Chamik (Kam):
" Siddham! Ni yang nāga punya putauv.
Ya urāng sepuy di ko, kurun ko jemā labuh nari svarggah.
Ya urāng paribhū di ko, kurun saribu thun davam di naraka, dengan tijuh kulo ko."
Transelat dalam bahasa Melayu :
Sejahtera! Inilah naga suci kepunyaan Raja.
Orang yang menghormatinya, turun kepadanya permata dari syurga.
Orang yang menghinanya, akan seribu tahun diam di neraka, dengan tujuh keturunan keluarganya.
Kesamaan tata bahasa dan kosakata dasar tidak mengherankan, karena bahasa Chamik dan Melayik berkaitan erat dan merupakan dua subkelompok dari kelompok rumpun bahasa Malayik-Chamik, sebagai cabang rumpun bahasa Melayu-Polinesia dari keluarga bahasa Austronesia. termasuk bahasa Tagalog, Hawaii, Maori, Guam, Banjar, Bugis, Minahasa, Melayu Sumatra (Batak, Aceh, jambi, Bengkulu, Riau, Lampung dsb), Jawa (Jawi - sunda), Madura, Bali - Lombok (Sasak)
Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia are the Austronesian Countries
I'm a Cebuano and I'm amazed that the majority of the vocabulary is still being used in the modern Cebuano language, especially the numbers.
In both Proto Malayic & Proto Austronesian, the word 'r' is pronounced as 'gh' like Arabic.
The R pronouncation in standard Malay & most Malay evolved trilled 'R' or, in Malaysia, the British 'R'. While in Filipino languages, the letter 'r' evolved into letter 'g'
I guess the Malay dialects like Minangkabau and Kelantanese still retained the original r =gh pronounciation
Sarawakian malay and iban remun still retain the same phonetics
Yes, the ɣ sound in proto Malayic is direct descendent from ɣ in proto Austronesian.
The ɣ later change to trill 'r' in standard Malay because of Sanskrit and probably also by Javanese influence. I think when Malay people had contact with sanskrit people, they just think that speak like those people sounds "cooler' than like their native people. So they change they ɣ to r.
This scenario is same like Malaysian Malay those change their r to 'ɹ' (English r). They speak like that to make them sound more 'cooler' I guess :).
Kalau Pahang Barat , Bentong,Raub,Lipis 'r' jadi gh .
@@muhammadharithjohari6855 kalau pahang belah pekan temerloh mcm mana?
Tranung pun x dok rrrr🤣
Now I know where the word "BERAK" = defecating originates (ba-hirak). It's really surprising that it evolves that way lmao.
3:33 in tagalog, "baga" (now shortened to "ba" in manila) is a question marker (e.g. Sino baga/ba? Ano baga/ba?) where here in proto-malay is how much or how many. Pretty cool!
Edit: 4:43 Also, "Ayam" in old tagalog means domesticated dog while "ganid" for hunting one which today means greed.
The g in baɣa is like a mixture of g and r, which later in Indonesian turned into rolling r. So it is sinar in Indonesian, and sinag in Tagalog. In Pariaman, a dialect of Malay, we still use ɣ instead of rolling r. Baɣa in Indonesian now is berapa, but in Pariaman it is still baɣa. And now ayam in Indonesian is only used for chicken! While manuk is bird in general. 😂 It really is interesting.
Also, in Tagalog (if I may add),
baga /ˈba.ɡa/ also means 'glowing or live coal, or ember' and
bagà /ˈba.ɡaʔ/ means 'lung'.
Interesting, "laki" and "bini" seems cognates of "lalaki" or male, and "binibini" or woman/miss although maybe "babae" is also a cognate of it too -- repeating syllables is a thing in Austronesian languages, so I wonder how they became doubling later on.
Rumpun Melayu still Understand our Malay Word Roots 💪🏻
99.9% understand this as Malay. Terajang 😂
I live in borneo, south borneo to be exact, and yeah almost all of use local language called Banjar language, some of this pretty similiar to this proto malayic, and still use in everyday conversation like to poop is Behera, round fish/puffer fish called iwak Buntal, tusuk we said Mencucuk/cucuk, at noon some of people said its Tangah Hari, no/not we said Kada (its -da in this video), also halipan/halilipan for centipede, Nyiur for coconut, Sida use as "them" (only pangkalanbun language use this, in banjar is "buhan/buhannya") Etc
Maybe because borneo have a lot of dayak influence in language, i just understand banjarnese and some of pangkalanbunese but maybe another dayak language had more similiarity to this ancient language since dayak it self is from proto melayic race.
I feel like Proto-malayic didnt change much when evolving into modern malay and related languages....
I'm Indonesian, and tbh, this sounds like a slightly odd Indonesian with a slight Javanese accent... idk why....
@@mikewallice2795 You’re right. This sounds more like a mix of many Bornean languages. I speak Iban and Bahasa Melayu Sarawak and understand Kedayan and I can assure you some of these words in this video are still being used in Iban and Malay Sarawak. Is it possible that BM actually originated from Borneo?
@@robbatinkoff2586 iban tu ibu kepada melayu
@@robbatinkoff2586 there was a video where Malay was said to originate from Borneo then moved westward. While it wasn’t Sarawakian Malay that moved west, I’m guessing the Malay spoken in Borneo retained the original Malayic words and trade happens more in the west (Melaka, Temasek, etc) and became what we now know as Sarawakian Malay, Bruneian Malay, Sabahan Malay and countless other languages in the region.
seperti bahasa Kedayan-Brunei-MelayuSarawak .. mungkin bahasa2 tu berevolusi dari induk Proto Malay ini
Dayak iban dan dayak kalimantan juga
As a Malay speaker I can understand 90-95% of this
so we are the natives of the lands..those who claim otherwise should realize we were all one before we were devided…those non natives have no right to say the opposite i.e by saying we invaded the peninsular yadayadaya....Patani,Malaysia,Indonesia,Filipina,Brunei,Singapore are definitely related to each other…
70%: This is like Tagalog
25%: I'm Indonesian and I understand this
5%: Everything else
Instead, it's looks like Sundanese...
I'm a Sundanese and I can relate it to current Sundanese words
This langunge similar with Batubara Malay language
@@xriex97 well sundanese is Austronesian and this language is Austronesian. I think people in the comments always forget that the languages they all find similar are all part of the same language family anyway
most closes one is Banjar, almost 100%
@@Xdalz27 my dad, who speaks Kedayan (closely related to Banjar) says he can understand a lot. I speak Sarawakian Malay natively, and I can understand a lot as well, up to 95%.
As a Filipino who knew old forms of Tagalog and entire Visayan dialects, I can understand 50~70% of it. I can guess this is the hard result of Indo-china and Indian trade before Spanish why we created an abugida system from Proto-Malaysian (with heavy Austronesian elements) language.
All Filipino language and dialects has an abugida system while Proto-Malaysian, modern malaysia, and modern Indonesian doesn't.
Sebutan huruf "r" untuk bahasa melayu terutamanya dialek-dialek di sebelah utara dan pantai timur adalah seakan-akan "r" di dalam bahasa arab iaitu "ghain" atau R bahasa perancis atau german. Dikenali juga sebagai Guttural R.
Btw daerah malaysia dan pesisir timur sumatra dan sebagian kabupaten di sumbar pengucapan “r” nya malah masih begini. Apalagi orang2 yg sudah tua
Mamah (to chew) still used in javanese. 'Ora obah ora mamah' (if you dont work you wouldn't get food)
I'm Indonesian. And can understand almost all the word. We can still use the words although with some little variation sound. And I can see the way Tagalog and Cebuano language relation to Malay language.
Some of the phrases are so nostalgic.
"Tunu pohon kayu" who felt nostalgic listening to that word, "tunu?"
Iban still use the word tunu. "Tunu pun kayu" and sarawakian malay "tunok"
Bruneians still use the word "tunu", when referring to burning stuff
I am a native speaker of Eastern Malay (a variety of Johor-Riau Malay). We actually do not know or familiar with word 'tunu' because we use 'bakaʁ' instead. I think it's not suprising that tunu is not commonly used in standard Malay since it is based on Johor-Riau Malay.
But, I know word 'tunu' when I learn other malayic variety, like Jambi Malay, Bangka Malay etc. So 'tunu' is more commonly used outside of Johor-Riau Malay.
I'm native speaker of Minangkabau. I have never heard that word in my entire life. We use word "Baka(r) " Instead
In Kutai, tunu mean "bakar"
it's surprising that Sundanese have many words that similar to Proto-Malayic, but linguist still debate as to where Sundanese should be put in Austronesian Sub-Family.
Much alike an Indonesian language.
As well as Malay.
Indonesian is a Malay language
@@_McCormickProductions yes, the difference between standard Malay in Malay Peninsula and standard Indonesian is the dialect used as basic standarisation of language.
Standard Malay in Malay Peninsula used Johor Dialect, and standard Indonesian used Riau Dialect.
More to Malaysia
I'm gonna be honest..among all of malayic languages,this proto malayic really sounds like a blend of iban and Selangor-Johor-Riau native speakers. Maybe the closest malayic variant to this after Sarawakian malay probably would be this selangor-johor-riau ,than the malayic varieties in northern and east coast of malay peninsula,including sumatra except for those particular range of area that concluded within selangor-johor-riau variant.
I am from lampung, Indonesia. I found that proto malayic has the same way to pronounce R with lampungnese language
I am a native speaker of Standard Indonesian. I understand almost all words in the list. I want to laugh to know how Proto-Malay-speaking people pronounced the r sound with a Dutch voiced g (the voiced velar fricative). That way of speaking is called "cadel" (CHA-delle) in Indonesian. From this type of r employed for Proto-Malay, I predict the old language was spoken on the island of Sumatra, and not on Java.
It was spoken somewhere in west borneo. The pronunciation of r is still used in west borneo by certain languages including in sarawak malaysia.
I am a Sarawakian, an Iban. It seems that 80 % of the Proto Malayic words are the same with Iban words..and also Brunei Malays. Did we come from the Proto Malay group ?
Similar words melayu proto vs iban
Akik - atuk
Kitak - kamu orang
Sidak - mereka
Kaban - kawan
Laban - lawan
Iya - dia
Churak - warna
Tunu - bakar
Sahut/saut - jawab
Empu - pemilik, empunya
Taban - bawa lari
Pandak - pendek
Untak - otak
Petang - gelap
Jengkal - pjg lengan
Manuk - ayam
I'm sambas's malay in west kalimantan, Indonesia, almost all the words that u mention as protomalay words, we still use and understand it today
Im Sundanese and i understood 95% percent of this, but what interested me was that alot of words had the Y instead of R, i think this was before arabic and sanskrit influence
"Berjalan" sounds like "mag-jalan". Interesting, seems like Malay word with Tagalog pronunciation 😀
The "mag" part is still commonly used in tagalog to initiate something
berjalan = pagdaan/magdaan
berbahasa = magbihasa
beras = bigas
(r)=(g)
Btw, some words cognate to Banjarese.
Imo ✌️
@@johnwu1907 Nope, Tagalog belongs to a different branch of Austronesian family. Malay and Tagalog are cousins.
@@johnwu1907 bobo, before bahasa flourished tagalog is older than yours. austronesian people came from Taiwan next to Philippines and then Malaysia across maritime and pacific regions.
As a Hiligaynon Speakers who also know Tagalog, and little Cebuano. I can understand all words using common sense
It's so much similar to Iban language and Malay North Borneo language
Some of them are so similar to Iban language
Resemble modern Bahasa Malaysia too.
*85-95% understood.
Dateng, Teken, Diem is preseverd in Betawi dialect. I have never heard that pronounciation outside Jakarta. Btw, Betawi dialect is young dialect of Malay (only known after Netherland occupation of Jayakarta) but retains proto pronounciation.
It's not only in Betawi dialect, but it's also in Bangka Malay in Bangka Island. I think Betawi (Jakarta Malay) were mostly came from Bangka Island. We know that malay community in Jakarta relatively new, so it must be their origin is the Bangka island.
They share some common feature such as using ɛ (like; apɛ, di manɛ, siapɛ) and they do not merging the sound of a and ə in last syllable like other malay did (like datəŋ, maləm, kələm instead of other Malay; dataŋ, malam, kəlam).
Betawi is Malay creole fyi
the way he says -da (tidak) sounds really close to the dialectal n-dak
just that nowadays tidak or n-dak is placed before the verb, not after
in video: sakit-da
my native tongue: ndak sakit
The accent isn't much different with Filipinos' because at that point in time people were still new to Indonesia and Malay because they came from Taiwan.
I guess Filipino and Bahasa sounds different in modern times because they have been separated for quite a long time. Filipino is actually close to proto Austronesian since it is near to where it came from.
Jadi pendapat sesetengah pihak yg menyatakan Bahasa melayu sekarang semuanya perkataan pinjaman adalah salah sama sekali,kerana masih banyak perkataan asal Bahasa melayu yg masih digunakan, dikekalkan dalam bahasa melayu sekarang malah banyak yg masih sama dgn Bahasa protonya
Iya itu tidak benar.
Masih banyak perkataan Melayu sebenar yang masih dipakai sehingga kini dalam bahasa Melayu moden.
Bahkan, bahasa Melayu boleh dimurnikan dengan membuang semua perkataan pinjaman. Ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Melayu dapat berdiri sendiri tanpa perkataan dari Sansekerta, Arab, dan Eropa.
Suatu gerakan pemurnian bahasa melayu bernama "beka Melayu" telah wujud.
Aku juga berusaha memurnikan bahasa Melayu berdasarkan dialek melayu aku dan aku beri nama "Cakap Melayu Timur/Hilir".
Bahasa itu hanya di borneo asli
As a sabahan from Borneo almost all the world is still use especially tombonuo dialect i'm very impressed ...and the accent is like from sarawak
I can understand 95% of this...really similar to modern Malay/Indonesian!
Pertuturan Melayu asal sebelum dipengaruhi oleh Sanskrit dan Arab.
Selayak bahasa ibanic languages
Woah im Malaysian and understand a lot of these words. It feels so surreal understanding them since it's a pretty old language lol
I can see a lot of the words are conserved until nowadays Malay language and still being used until today
It's a good language we don't need to change a lot of it
It is interesting to hear so many Proto-Malayic words and syntax still in use today, especially in regional dialects. I generally had very little problem understanding it although some of the terms used would now be considered anachronistic.
Thank you, Andy. You're the best.
Proto Malayic: BalƏs = respond/reply
Modern Hiligaynon: Balos = take revenge
"Balos" in hiligaynon is also "respond".
In Indonesia word, Balas but at speaking sound like Bales
@@jchavez1431 respond in Hiligaynon is sabat, balos is like revenge or avenge
'Balos' in Bikol is revenge too
As a malay we use this two balas= revenge and reply
IM FILIPINO AND I UNDERSTAND 50% OF THIS LANGUAGE WOW
Some of the words are still being used in Iban and Sarawak Malay, they = sida, grandpa = Aki
Iban and Borneo Malay still preserve many pure Malay words because they are less influenced by Indian languages (Such as Sanskrit and Tamil), Chinese, Persian and Arabic.
Ancestor of Malay Language..
i'm sundanese understand 90%
ada juga yg sering terdengar di bahasa sunda : minum : inum
dekat : dekeut
Facts: tagalog retained the 70% of austronesian affixes/suffixes rather than malay.
Borneo malay aswell
While Tagalog mostly now getting fragile by mixture with Spanish & Chinese language
@@rajasriindra9004 that is manila tagalog. But when you go to the provinces, they still speak proper tagalog. And they use deep tagalog words. It really hard to understand sometimes, even their "slang" is different from manila tagalog.
It is because Tagalog is older than Malay that's why It is safe to say that Tagalog mostly retained the ancient form of Austronesian language, its grammar structure and syntax.
Even the word Pelir, puki, terajang is preserved until this modern day.. Why got people said this is sound like indonesia when indonesian language is created from malay in 1950's.. I mean where the root word Kontol even came from lol
Dah macam bunyi "r" pelat versi negeri perak. Btw, aku org perak mmg bunyi "r" macam tu la aku sebut🤣
Wow many similiar word with Javanese
(yes, i know bcz they're in the same austronesian family)
Pagh tutughan - pituturan
Tutur-tutur
Binantu - mantu
Anak-anak
Nini-nini
Hiang-Hyang
Ghumah-umah
Aki-kaki
Inum-inum/nginum
Mamah-mamah
Tulung-tulung
Cucu-cucu
Cicit-cicit
Iluk-ilok
Tuladan-tuladha
Da - ndak
Peteng - peteng
Ngeri-ngeri
Gatel-gatel
Hadepan-ngarepan ( D to R)
Udi-k - buri (D to R)
Untek - utek
Asu - asu
Kaluang-kalong
Tapaj- tape
Peli - peli
Lampuyang-lempuyang
Etc
Isnt cucu in Javanese is putu?
5:12
jawa = millet
millet = jawawut in javanese 😀
@@user-jg8gr6wd4w oh yes
Sorry, im forget
As a Sarawakian(a state in East Malaysia)i could say that I can understand like 100%😹😹😹and we still use themm..MUAHAHAHA
Yass Sarawakian squad here.
@@memegodsonseungwan329 Wah ahaha..Kitak urang sine pok?
@@officialphobia7755 ku biak Miri tok pok.
Bahasa nie hanya terdapat di Borneo 100% tidak terdapat di malaya... Krna bahasa tersebar dari borneo ke tanah melaya , SUMATRA ke tanah malaya
Keturunan melayu malaya berdarah semang /thai dan combodia kebanyakn selebih berhirjah menetap malaya (sumatra/borneo)