The Rough Life of SUE the T. rex
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- čas přidán 14. 04. 2021
- Jingmai O'Connor, associate curator of fossil reptiles at the Field Museum, will transport you to the Cretaceous and into the world of SUE, the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus rex specimen ever discovered. You will learn that life isn't easy, even if you're a "tyrant king." SUE has been the source of many scientific discoveries about T. rex biology including evidence of numerous injuries and infections. Learn about the tough life of SUE the T. rex and find out how this specimen found a home at the Field Museum where it continues to be one of the most recognized fossils across the world.
#T-Rex #SueTRex #DenverMuseumOfNatureAndScience - Zábava
I never understood the "Trex has a great sense of smell, therefore it was a scavenger" arguement. Sharks are known to have one of the best senses of smell in the world today, but are active predators.
Iirc Jack Horner's reasoning was: tyrannosaurus had great sense of smell, binocular vision, and related to birds; vultures have binocular vision (dunno if true or not), have great sense of smell, and are scavengers; ergo, tyrannosaurus are scavengers.
That was 30 years ago though, and afaik he does not support the t-rex scavenger only hypothesis anymore.
All predatory animals are scavengers from time to time. When you live in the wild you don't know when your next meal is going to come and you're not going to pass up a big juicy dead animal in hopes that you might kill something later.
Sharks are active predators yes but they are also active scavengers when they can get an easy meal
@@markshort9098 Well sure, but the theory they were proposing was that T-Rex was just a scavenger like a modern vulture. Certainly all active predators scavenge whenever possible, the question was is that all it does. Much like with sharks the answer is probably not.
@@0utc4st1985 I'm no expert but 1 look at a t rex skull from front on screams killer to me, the way the eyes have a good view of where it's going to bite isn't something that benefits a pure scavenger on the ground especially when eyes further to the side of the head would be beneficial to young t rexs to see threats coming if they were just scavengers
I really enjoyed the bit about ontogenetic changes. I never knew that adolescent t rex specimen look very different anatomically, and that a massive shift in their overall body shape occurs after about 15 years of life. Very well done :)
The recognition of this has caused a major restructuring of the categorization of dinosaurs, especially ceratopsians. Another big new development is the recognition of individual variation within a species, this again specifically impact ceratopsians. To the degree that dozens of animals previously thought to be different species are now recognized as either younger examples or to just represent individual variations of one species. Now it seems like common sense, but at the time it completely shook up alot of research! The Field Museum actually has some nice displays explaining this.
I'm visualizing a 15-year old dino learning to drive, LOL.
This is proving true of ancient dinosaurs across the board. These animals were morphologically different. They changed a great deal through their lives in ways that are quasi unique. Dr. O'Connor's story about how Nanotyrannus turned out to not be a separate species is playing out across the paleontological world. Another great example of this is the former Torosaurus. We thought it was a completely unique animal, but it turns out Triceratops, like many dinosaurs, just radically changes through its life cycle in ways that we don't see a ton of in modern animals. Torosaurus is just an elderly Triceratops.
Longstanding debate - A lot of raptors had a good sense of smell. Nobody's ever called them scavengers. The sheer number of healed T. Rex wounds on dinosaurs that survived don't sound much like a scavenger, either. Time this "debate" went away.
The narrow concave snouts of velociraptors and small body size would make for good scavengers.
@@reptomicus they may have been mostly scavengers but took to hunting occasionally, a lot of animals do this. While not active hunters, they most likely were just opportunistic like most scavengers.
I hate how long that stuck in the public it literally has the flimsiest arguments and Jack Horner looks extremely suspicious
The footbone of all adult Tyrannosaurs also indicates that these animals were built for sustained amounts of running; so unless something was predating on these animals, I'd say they were pretty much built to hunt and chase down large prey, such as Edmontosaurs and Triceraptops.
@@ubauba6530 Yeah, there's plenty of documentation about T. Rex vs Triceratops, no "passive-aggressive" there.
So... Sioux sue Sue for Sue.
Dr. Jingmai O'Connor is the type of person I love learning from...people who absolutely love their specialties are infectious. Thanks for such a fun video.
Yes, she made this such a great experience.
one way to explain the sudden growth spurt could be the point where a t-rex becomes strong enough to crush bone, allowing it to eat bone marrow, which drastically increases the amount of nutrition that the animal would gain from each successful hunt.
Or the more obvious answer that the theory that Nanotyrannus being juvenile T-rex is wrong. There are some rather compelling proof in that direction, different number of teeth, arms being longer on NanoT (not just by proportion, but actually twice as long) and that the brains do not have the same shape or connections.
@@znail4675 different number of teeth means absolutely nothing, infant humans don't have the same number of teeth as adults either. In T. rex, the juveniles had a different skull shape, so probably different teeth as well. Also, there's the histological evidence from the specimen Jane proving that she wasn't fully grown.
@@isaacbruner65 Human baby teeth is a good example of why your theory does not work out well in reality. Human baby teeth are not connected to the jaw bones and while the adult teeth are and as they grow they push up the baby teeth causing them to fall out.
NanoT would have to break off all their teeth from the bone and then regrow a new set of teeth, without disrupting their ability to hunt or eat. They are also not baby's but ~15 years old and with teeth quite able to take care of themselves, not so much without teeth.
Jane being juvenile does not prove anything. It does not contradict the theory, but it is not proof of it being true.
Now for your next trick, try and explain how the arms shrink or the brain rearrange itself?
This was amazing I watched the ENTIRE thing without even thinking I would. She did such an amazing job presenting all the facts about the specimen. She also was very likable and energetic! Which helped me get very interested in her discussion. Also I love dinosaurs I mean who doesn't! Imagine just being able to see what life looked like 60-300 million years ago. Insane!
Me too! I usually cant stand watching anything for mote than 30 minutes and i watched it all!
Very insane!
This was AMAZING!! I live in the chicago area and have known Sue my entire life…just recently gotten into paleontology as an adult hobby and this presentation was exactly what i needed today!! Thank you!!
Could you go to Wrigley Field and tell the Cubs to hurry up and get their shit together already
Wait sue is no longer in Chicago?
@@reaperebk1085 She's been on tour before. She was in Boston one of the last times I went to the Boston Museum of Science. i was so damn excited when i found out she was there and got one photo with the crappy camera on my brick phone lol
LUCKY YOU!!! I’d love access to her when I wanted! I had the good fortune to see her 8 times when she came to visit us at the SB Museum of Natural History! What a treat♥️‼️SHES a gift for sure!🎁♥️‼️🤗
I always wanted to go to the natural history museum in Chicago and check out all the extinct animals and dinosaurs. You sir are lucky to be close to that.
I saw Sue in 2010 and she was a beautiful sight! Imagining what she looked like awhile she was alive, she would have have awe inspiring!
Yes! An awe and terror inspiring FINAL sight.
I just wonder if there are larger predators we have not discovered yet.
@@tmo4330 Who knows
@@concept5631 The T-Rex fossils I saw showed old injuries that were healed up. Broken ribs, leg infections to the bone. Busted out teeth. Those monsters must have had a heck of a time making a living! Or just as bad, having to fight it out for a mate.
@@tmo4330 The Cretaceous sure sounds like a violent place.
A place Tyrannosaur dominated.
Su, named after Sue, who found her on the land of the Sioux tribe. That is a hell of a timing moment!
It's an intentional mondegreen
and she was sued for, too
And the meanings behind the name Sue (Susan…) are “Lily Rose” “Lotus Flower” that bloom through muddy water/ground.
And it caused them to sue.
So the Sioux sued sue for sue. Got it.
If you watch the documentary it is a real convoluted mess. Basically moral of the story is have you ever find anything really cool in your backyard anybody and everybody up to and including the federal government we use any technicality or loophole to steal it from you.
@@robertstone9988 just appreciate the pun dude…
@@caruzo9631 I got the pun and I laughed. Just throwing in my 2 cents. Could u imagine the text to talk trying to cipher all that.
Clever. Not original, though.
@@robertstone9988 was
How good was this?!?! What a great presentation! So, standing very still in front of her would have gotten Alan Grant and Lex eaten! 🦖
Duh
But her vision is based on movement
Cute rex emoji
I like the idea she was not really hungry after eating a goat and a lawyer and was more curious to what he was. The fact he didn't stimulate its predator prey response by trying to run is another reason why he didn't get eaten.
@@BT-su1yf the t-Rex in Jurassic Park had frog genes so that why she could only see movement. They failed to mention that in the movie but it’s in the book. So a natural t-rex would very much have been able to see even without movement. There’s a video here on CZcams that talks about it.
I really loved this! Dr. O’Connor’s enthusiasm and humor made this so fun to listen to. The section detailing Sue’s wounds was particularly interesting, I didn’t know they might have had parasites! Thanks so much for posting this online for free 🌻
.....Funny, I wouldn't have thought too much about the potential parasite infections either...but even modern Humans, in the most clean environments, are teeming with parasites. Seems obvious that these killing machines (that also likely scavenged) would have been chock full of external and internal parasites....giant ticks and foot long intestinal worms....I bet they got some help from Proto-birds similar to today's Oxpicker.
Me: sees an hour long video about dinosaurs
Also me: watches the whole thing
literally same tho
What is a very good experience is going to Faith SD, the small town where they found not only Sue but also Bucky and not far away is where they found Stan. These are the three most complete and significant T Rex Skeltons ever found. The faith museum is small but proud and hard to miss with their admittedly awesome T Rex sculpture made from junk metal and old farm tools/equipment out front.
Dr, O'Connor seems pretty chill man. I enjoyed this and learned a bunch.
Fluffy or not, T-rex is one of my fave dinosaurs
Same here.
Not fluffy. However, the Yutyrannus was fluffy
Learned more today than in my 14 years of school...
Have we considered the possibility tyrannosaurs arms (as well as arms of any apex theropod) might have been used to grip each other while wrestling territorial rivals? I have watched komodo dragons wrestle, and they use their powerful necks to dual, but their arms are used to maneuver themselves over their rivals and topple their opponent to the ground. It could explain how the tricep was ripped from the bone and ribs were broken.
Like she had brought up, maybe they were used at a earlier stage when they didnt quite have the bite force. I would think that the muscles would atrophy but since the fossils indicate that the arms were very muscular im not to sure.
I LOVE her! I saw her 8 times at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History!!! I have pics of her in my phone♥️‼️ She is just such a beauty… thank you for this video! I’m so happy!!! YAY♥️☮️‼️
I've seen Sue up close and she is breathtaking!
Yeah I got to see her in person as a kid in the 2000s and it left a big impression
Wait I am genuinely curious how are we able to tell the difference between a male and female T-Rex is it all in the bone structure or something else I need to know
@@isaacm7934 The only method is to find a specific kind of tissue found in gravid birds. Since this tissue only appears in gravid birds you'd need to find a T. rex that was either about to lay eggs or died shortly after laying eggs. We have found one T. rex with such tissue, B-rex, and she wasn't particularly large for a T. rex.
@@minutemansam1214 oh ok thanks
51:12 "Sue died in a Mortal Kombat with another T-Rex"
My brain: FINISH HIM!!! FATALITY. T-REX WINS
I wonder if she was defending a carcass or her babies?
@@memomorph5375 or she could have also been defending her territory food and babies aren't the only things that animal will defend
Well done, content and delivery.
- From a senior citizen, reasonably educated as in well read but non scientific, interested in dinosaurs but not fanatical, a random CZcams suggestion ie no recent T rex or dinosaurs interest & quite frankly, was selected on spur-of-the-moment take a break & at a quick glance nothing better.
I enjoyed your enthusiasm and remained curious to hear you and see throughout (were or seemed, a bit rushed - I didn't drift off. The subject of/and your delivery - If you were afraid of losing me or it was getting too long you needn't have worried. 😁) I really liked learning updates to t. Rex's story. And Sue, knowing who Sue was might have been the trigger to click. 😆 I learned a lot, good chance I'll remember much of it.
So. Very well done!
And good one CZcams.
I remember when I was a kid and the first time I saw a Albertosaurus at the Royal Tyrell Museum in Drumheller Alberta. I thought wow they cant get any bigger than that, that is amazing. Then I saw a Tyranosaurus and my little brain exploded with excitement. To this day my two favourite Dinosaurs are the Brachiosaurus and Albertosaurus but I do love T-rex. Really enjoyed the video.
Wow, this is very imformative!!! It's very enjoyable to watch expert explaining dinosaur content!!!!!! I would love to see more video like this!!
This was really informative/captivating and really shows how little we understand about our own planet, such as the old drawing of t.rex portrayed to drag their tail across the ground
The Denver Museum of Nature & Science was my favorite place as a child! I used to get lost in my imagination staring at the Elasmosaur hanging from the ceiling.
I used to go there all the time as a little boy. I loved it so much! Especially the dinosaur exhibits. I miss it so very much. Someday I will go back to there.
i wonder if the abnormal holes in the jaw possibly come from a calcium leaching process. since sue had that leg, and various other injuries she probably wasn't eating much if any at all during the healing process. the calcium for bone repair has to come from somewhere. that part of the jaw to my very amateur eye seems like the only place that could stand to loose some bone mass without causing a whole new set of issues.
Maybe sue managed to survive and heal long enough to scavenge or catch a easy meal or 2 allowing her to start the re-calcification process in her jaw. but maybe she went too long before those meals and there for was not able to shake off the infection in her leg before some form of blood poisoning or septicemia did her in.
Interesting hypothesis.... :)
Maybe, but we see those holes in other specimens jaws so a bacterial infection is probably the best answer.
@@jerk5959 could be a bacterial infection or some other aliment. they didn't say that they found clear and undeniable evidence in the form of fossilized bacteria in or around the jaw. i was basing my hypothesis off of my knowledge of the modern reptiles i keep and study. turtles, tortoises, monitor lizards, various snakes. these animals can all develop conditions caused by a lack of calcium in the diet. witch most commonly show in jaw or shell deformations and can be exacerbated by injuries or growth/development. these conditions cause the bones to become spongy both in texture and appearance IE full of little holes of various sizes. mammals will also experience weakened teeth and jaw bones do too improper calcium intake. if a animal needs calcium to heal, develop, or simply maintain itself its gonna find it somewhere. either from its diet or some preexisting source of calcium already inside its body.
One of the t Rex skeletons has, healed, tail hip injuries to the point it would have been next to immobile. It's part of the evidence that they were pack hunters (whether family groups or mixed who knows) and had a social structure that would have enabled crippled individuals to survive.
Something to contemplate..a pack of t Rex 😮
The injuries on the right side, to me it looks like Sue fell or got pushed over by something, that would also explain the triceps beeing torn out of the bone, basically all it's weight fell on that side and arm.
Just got back from seeing Sue at the Field Museum on a trip to Chicago! I love the chonky belly they gave her in the new reconstruction
Absolutely marvelous presentation. I went in a different direction for my career in evolutionary biology, but I always kept a strong interest in dinosaur paleontology, and Dr. O'Connor makes me wish I had done more work in paleontology.
in my opinion or what I think is Tyrannosaurus rex was an active predator but also an opportunist and wouldn't hesitate a quick scavenge. Correct me if I'm wrong.
I have an hypothesis on one of the main uses of T's arms, and that is cutting tendons. They face inwards, 2 claws slice better than three and give you a backup. I've been around cow parts and tigers, bites are never perfect cuts and tendons are extremely tough. They seem to be at the right height for mouth swallowable chunks and might die if they lose their arms.
I disagree. They can’t even bend their head down to look at their arms, so how well could a T-Rex even aim its arms for cutting tendons? I think they’re more for scratching the back of a mate for mating, to get them in the mood, like Boa and Python claws.
@@jollygoodfellow3957 we can't see our own arse but we clean em.
Poor Sue must have gone through a lot of pain, holy moly.
super amazing video!!!!! watched this like three times already
Yo... I'm a dinosaur nerd and this is awesome!
Wow, what a great host.
WOW this was so good ! Very well done , Dr. O Connor is an exceptionally good communicator
Amazing talk and great job hosting too!
I'm enjoying this presentation, you have a good speaking voice and inflection in spots that lends credence to a deep understanding of knowledge beyond what was shared. (Content dense with good flow)
Dr David Hone has an amazing presentation regarding Trex, he proved via the dinosaur skeletons that Trex was a predator and scavenger.
This was a very well done presentation. Much appreciated.
Very informative. I have watched the whole video and I can't stop watching more of these.
Thank you for the fascinating presentation. Is any information known about T. rex vocalisations? I recently read it's likely T. rex vocalised more like a modern day bird rather than the common media depictions we've seen of them roaring, etc.
We do have an idea, actually! The roar concept is nothing more than Hollywood drama to make the dinosaurs (specifically in Jurassic park) seem scarier.
In reality, most planentaologists have come to the conclusion that most dinosaur specimen actually made close-mouth vocalizations (like birds). The T-rex for example is thought to sound like a giant ostrich, and could vibrate your entire body with its thrum.
Other dinosaurs are thought to quack, chirp, cheep, thrum, and also vibrate via closed-mouth vocalizations
It's also been hypothesized that T. rex used low frequency calls to communicate across long distances, the same way elephants do today. Look up what it could have sounded like, it's terrifying.
For a very long time dinosaur depictions were based on crocodillians. The scientific and art communities considered those animals to be the closest living relatives. So we saw them green and brown with big scales, maybe with stripes. And crocodiles do have a kind of vibrating roar which sounds something like a lawn mower starting up. For the sake of B movie budgets, in older films Trex were usually just given a straight up lion/tiger roar. It is also NOT uncommon for crocodiles to be overdubbed with lion/tiger roars in B movies simply because that is the sound effect they had available!
Despite the hate given to Jurassic Park, they did make efforts to give the Trex more correct sounds, using a crocodile, strangely also a baby elephant and koala, but also it is blended with a tiger... because frankly that is what movie goers WANT. It is entertainment first and foremost. For the velociraptors and other smaller dinosaurs, Jurassic Park was absolutely revolutionary and even controversial in giving them more bird-like vocalizations and moddling thier movements on birds like turkeys. The fact that Trex's hearing is best in lower frequencies does at least give some credence to the idea that they had low frequency volcalizations like a roar.
But is it unreasonable to think that they may have had an open mouth vocalization? Not saying like a mammalian roar, but like some birds that make loud open mouth calls.
@Patreeko Time crocadillians actually have a wide range of vocalizations.. people are just more aware of the males' roar/bellow
You mentioned that adult T. rex hunted prey that defended themselves with large horns. Could the extra holes in the lower jaw of the skull not be explained by wounds sustained while hunting?
It seesm unlikely that, if they were caused by horns, that all of the stab wounds would be clustered near the back of its jaw.
Thank you, Dr. O'Connor for an excellent presentation!
Thanks you!! Excellent video on Sue. A few things I didn't know.!!!
Great video! I grew up when the image of dinosaurs was just a big a gray skinned animal, and sort of sterile, lacking any imperfections that would have occurred during life. This video helps to envision T Rex as a real animal that grew old, and got sick, and had hardships like any other animal. I found myself sort sniffing to see what T Rex smelled like in it's real imperfect world. Thanks.
26:08
She mentions a species which apparently had "complex social behaviors"... Does anyone know how we know the social behavior of dinosaurs? Do we just keep finding large groups of their fossils, or is there something else I'm missing out on?
Dr. David Hone talks about that. He has some lectures here on CZcams.
@@dallacosta2868 I’ve watched his lectures and saw the one on dinosaurs being social, it was fantastic.
Trackways have been a big source of information about dinosaur behavior. If there are trackways containing many prints from similar animals all heading in the same direction, then we can interpret that as a herd. There are even tracks that show animals swimming and one set that appear to show a large theopod scratching in the dirt like a turkey, which is interpreted as the first evidence of dinosaur sexual behavior. There are other evidence for gregarious social behavior such as crowded nesting sites. Even when nests themselves are not present there have been discoveries of large numbers of juveniles all in the same spot which suggests not only a group nesting site, but group rearing of young.
In addition to someone who mentiones trackways and nests, the actual structure of the animal (especially those with things like skin, stomach content, or feathers left behind) can often give huge clues to its lifestyle and ways it lived. Big eye sockets, certain olfactory structures, shape of the bones, bony structures that are too small for fighting but too big to be nothing, etc, as well as using modern animals to speculate on behaviors
Also healed injuries, which the animal on its own wouldn't have survived, for predators packs with food available, herbivores being in herds which indicates mutual protection from predators.
A bunch of small clues like a puzzle, which gives a picture.
Of course, GIGO applies also
Crystal clear presentation; I leaned a lot.
This was a fun listen. Thanks so much! Also, I LOVE Dr. O'Connor's shirt.
how come we don't know if Sue was male or female when we already know that it's possible to tell from bones? We already know that a type of bone that female birds use as a calcium reserve for making eggshell has been found inside the fossilised thigh bone of a Tyrannosaurus rex. Medullary bone can be deposited quickly when females ovulate and can quickly release calcium when it is needed to form eggshell
. This forensic clue can be used to sort the bones of female predatory dinosaurs from those of the males so why can't this be done on Sue? are its bones not preserved well enough for this to work?
With the different cycles they would’ve laid eggs in it wouldn’t properly confirm the gender unless it had the calcium reserve. If it didn’t it could still plausibly be female as it’s not confirmed that after the eggs are created or during certain conditions they might not have the calcium for the eggs reserved in bone
She kind of answered the question, based on the gender-based body types, that males were smaller and more gracile, while females tend to be larger and "beefier" and that Sue's build falls in to that category.
I don’t think we have a right to assign a gender to the dinosaurs. Remember gender isn’t assigned at birth. 🙈
@@TheRonaldbaxter right, gender is a social construct I forgot xD
@@BJones-yw4dd there isn’t actually a lot to support this theory. The only known adult female tyrannosaurs is called B-Rex or MOR 1125, but it is nowhere near the size and the bulk of Sue or Scotty. What is more plausible as more the difference un morphology might be due to a slight change in Tyrannosaurs which could depend on a subspecies or a general tendency for these animals to grow larger as lived closer to the kpg mass extinction. Also, the larger and bulkier ones are all in the 30 years old range whereas a specimen like Thomas were more gracile but at 17 years old already reached a length of 10 meters (34ft). This change in morphology being due to aging makes a lot more sense when you consider how gracile and different a young tyrannosaurus looked compared to an adult.
I went to the exhibit and though I adore dinosaurs, I felt as though I was being talked down to. Much too simplistic. As was the Stonehenge exhibit. Would it be possible to have a side exhibit for those with more knowledge so we aren't bored, or frustrated, about the exhibits. I would be very pleased if this could happen.
To be fair, the high school diploma has been depreciated to the point of irrelevance by decade after decade of playing politics with public education. Universites are now funneling new students through remedial (read: high school) classes the first few semesters as a matter of orthodoxy because they can reliably assume the average high school graduate is functionally illiterate. Good on you for rising to the occasion, but the ugly truth is the institution is probably right to use little kid language. That's the problem with being a culture in decline...
The public spaces in museums are science flavored theme parks designed to fund what goes on behind the scenes. You're going to have to dig with your own two hands to get to the real meat of these matters. You're using the institution incorrectly if you expect anything more than rudimentary, showy presentations.
Yeah your presentation caught my attention for for whole time aswel!!! Good job!!
This was fascinating, thank you so much!
Anyone else ever notice how similar the old way of assembling dino bones made theropods look like giant kangaroos? I blame the kangaroo.
Well that was really the only example the researchers had to go by of bipedal animals with long tails. And for sauropods, they seem to have looked at ortriches because they have long necks. They also tended to reconstruct dinosaur legs splaying out like crocodiles instead of under their bodies like elephants.
Lesser known fact: Harry Dresden temporarily reanimated Sue with the power of necromancy and polka.
i was hoping to see a Dresden comment :)
Polka will never die!
Gave it some behavioral surveys to answer before it died again
Damn polka magic
Polka can get anything moving.
Fab video..dug it. TY!!
Danny
I remember going to the field museum on a field trip when I was kid. Exactly the same time Sue was there. It was incredible.
Sue resides at the Field. She was temporarily in Denver while the Field was installing her current display upstairs, which is very impressive!
I'm confused. The 2000 vs 2019 comparison keeps flipping which the upgrades were.
I noticed that but I just tried to ignore it.
Oh, yes. Five times. (I commented that it must have been, because the time-machine they needed to do that, won't be invented for another year, yet--;). 🤣
@@nickopeters I didn't even notice this time but I also wasn't paying too much attention
Maybe Sue did have that protozoan infection that birds get, but because birds have to keep their body weight down to allow them to fly T-Rex had enough bulk that they could survive their throat swelling for long enough for their bodies to fight off if parasite. The fact that they could survive injuries that would kill a bird of prey due to the length of time they're unable to hunt shows they could likely go weeks if not months without food.
"months without food" lol, in what cartoon did that happen?
@@enriquecabrera2137 alligators can literally go YEARS without eating! Crocodiles as well.
@@Lolamy so can humans who restrict their movement and get proper liquids
@@enriquecabrera2137 There's the issue. Humans can't get proper liquids without moving.😉
I saw this at your museum. Fantastic exhibit.
This was great :)
Imagine watching this and thinking that dinosaurs never existed.
They're not real..They are CGI, and or Fake ..ask a Christian..
@@cyborgar15 troll
@@cyborgar15 As a cultist, you mean
@@DINO_X65 why are you imagining stupiud things? youre the troll
@@mikejones-vd3fg why do you think dinosaurs never existed? you also might be the troll here
Hands down the best presentation on this animal I've ever seen. Also, very interesting was the depiction of T. rex with lips - not the crocodilian lipless face of Jurassic Park et al.
when you are terrestrial lips are mandatory to keep your teeth from drying. The only exception to that are smilodon, water deers etc and they only expose their canines.
That was great big thanks!
Learning, Learning, Learning......LOVE IT !!!
So the Sioux tribe sued Sue for Sue? Interesting.
I love birds and really appreciate the bird evolution info. I can bare look at a mockingbird or brown thrasher hunting grasshoppers without picturing them as deinonychus.
I love how every time someone ever says "needs no introduction" they imminently start an introduction or just gave one
Wonderful presentation! I have several books on T-Rex and their morphology.
It makes me sick to see Stan and other animals lost to science
Yeah, capitalism sucks.... What a pity....
We would have being able to know more about t-rex if Stan haven't being sold to private collector!!!
Yea communism ruLz
I can’t believe it’s not a law that you must donate fossils of this magnitude to science and you will be paid for it.
Same, this is why I'm a socialist.
@@frankvandermerwe1487 the Scandinavian model is the most effective
A thought regarding the enlarged scent capabilities: is it possibly an adaptation for a larger-than-normal territorial range? I know T. rex had adaptations that made locomotion more efficient. So, is it possible that it used/needed smell (& sound) to do long-range acquisition of prey?
An animal with large territories would also require enhanced smell to find breeding partners. And we know that sexual pressure has had a huge impact on bird evolution.
@@patreekotime4578 T. rex had hypertrophied olfactory bulbs
That was fun and informative. Thanks Doc! 😊
I am using this video as study material for sculpting. So again, thanks.
Good, my brain feels much better after this...thanks!!
Since She made a lot of references to birds and rightfully so…. are male birds usually larger or smaller than their female counterparts and can we equate those sizes to theropods like trex?
It really depends on the exactly species. Most of the time if the birds mate for life the female will be larger. However, if they mate with multiple birds then the males will be larger and/or more colorful.
In most birds males are larger. This is true for archosaurs in general. Unless T. rex formed monogamous pair bonds it's unlikely the females were greater in size.
Do all Primata have the same sexual dimorphism as all Placentalia?
I remember the whole nano tyrannosaur thing well, I was intrigued.
Amazing video. Thank you.
Imagine being in a country where archeological finds rightly belong to the public...
It always pains me to know how much information was/is lost because of finds just vanishing somewhere.
Dinosaur bones are not an archeology find. But paleontology.
@@MrPleers It applies to both, sadly there is no toplvl name for the craft.
It’s a weird grey area. On the one hand, “science” isn’t an institution, but a collective process other private and public institutions go through. It’s not as simple as reserving findings to science, and even then, since private land ownership is respected it’s difficult to consistently and legally make a case for fossils being excluded from such protections. On the other hand, when fossils are lost to private collections without scientific description, it’s undoubtedly terrible.
@@bruhmingo It's all about defining what land ownership is all about.
Some restrictions are necessary to protect the interests of everybody else.
You can't extract all the ground water or turn your land into a toxic waste dumb without permission either.
Respect private property or be ready for your life to become a commodity!
Was this one at the Si-Museum in Sheveport, Louisiana a few years back? 2010ish.
Amazing talk!!!
Sue and Al are Legends
I still marvel at Sue whenever I get the chance to visit the Field Museum
Sometimes things should not be owned and they should always belong to science and those who do the research to let the world know about our past!! No fossils should be able to be privately owned and kept from the world and the scientific community because they are simply too important and they remind us of the sobering humility that we are so very small and tiny in the scheme of things!!
I agree with you but there's no way to enforce such a thing. You could get laws passed in your own country but fossils are distributed all over the globe. From a legal perspective, there's no way to obtain consensus from all countries, especially since 1) it costs a lot of money to extract fossils correctly and 2) it's possible to have science study privately held fossils. Since it costs a lot of money to extract fossils, if there were laws that they are only held publicly, people who aren't interested in science would have no incentive to preserve fossils. For instance, if someone found something while digging their swimming pool, they'd probably just keep right on digging and not preserve the fossil since stopping would delay the swimming pool construction and they'd have nothing to compensate them for it. I'm pretty sure that there would be less fossils for science to study if people weren't able to profit from their discovery and removal and I would guess that many paleontologists would agree.
@@S0ulinth3machin3 We have made global laws and regulations in the past. We did it once, we can do it again!! Sometimes we just have to cherish something and prehistoric fossils and this history of this planet before we were aware enough to make our own societies and form a documented history has to be preserved for the common good of this planets past and our understanding of it. Sometimes we all have to be humble enough to put money or greed away, just step aside a little bit and do something for the common good of the history of this planet that is larger than all of us!! With this said we all deserve to know the truth of the short and long-term past!! I think if we knew the truth of our past and how we came to exist on this planet or how the moon came to be here it would force us to be humble in how young we are but also how insignificant we are in the universe and being so small also makes us so very unique, special and precious. Perhaps one day we will be able to 'Jurassic Park' in genetically engineered dinosaurs or even manipulate time and space to go back and see them in their natural states, especially as some believe our reality or the universe as a whole is a hologram and we are not working with the 'raw data' but the 'hologram' presented as reality. One way or the other no one has the right to squander away prehistoric fossils or the history of our past for their own gain!!
@@violet-kittychick you didn't read the last part of my post did you? I don't think paleontologists would support it because a lot of people wouldn't preserve the fossils. Also, there are no "global laws" which govern activities inside a nations borders. International laws only apply to international territory (such as oceans or Antarctica).
@@S0ulinth3machin3 I did read it.. the part about the swimming pool!! As I said.. we need to be a bit more humble as a whole about our shared history and past with this planet!! We can be.. we should be.. we have to be if we are ever to understand our role in the universe!! I know myself if I found a fossil while digging to make a swimming pool the pool can wait but this truth of our history can't!! All it takes is a bit of humility and also respect!!
@@violet-kittychick you are naive if you think everyone will have the same attitude. Big construction companies, mining companies, oil companies - think they'll preserve a fossil if they don't receive some sort of compensation for time lost? No way. They're driven by the bottom line. The way people should be is one thing, the way people are is another.
There is a statute of sue and I think Sue is Beautiful
Dr O'Connor is a metal head! Love that !
Great video! Thankyou! :)
I'd like to know more about the source that states T. rex had a top speed of 11mph. I've been seeing a lot of conflicting hypotheses on this topic and the most common one I've heard recently has been about 18 to 20mph.
I don't know about which sources to use, but perhaps she said that using geometric data such as how far the hips allow the leg to go forward each step and thus the span while running. If so, such a low estimate is understandable but doesn't take into account the ability of predatory dinosaurs to flex their muscles much faster and with more force than assumed. So I could see that 11 mph running speed being up to half as much as what you'd expect from a highly efficient use of oxygen in a terrifying bird-beast such as these.
Maybe they would able to get up to 20 mph if they could run, but recent research has cast doubt on whether they could actually run because it would put too much stress on the bones. So at a fast walk, it's more like 11-13 mph.
Well she does also think Tyrannosaurus Rex had feathers despite contrary evidence, therefore I’m going to wager her low ball estimate of 11mph could be called into question as well.
Very interesting well spoken she knows her stuff
This is brilliant, entertaining and informative.
Great presentation!
30:44 so, you could actually compare growth rings like they do on violins and see, for example, if Scotty was perhaps Sue's sibling - given their XL size and close proximity.
I doubt they were siblings. They probably lived hundreds if not thousands of years apart. When you are talking about a timescale in the millions of years, a few thousand years isn't that noticeable in the strata.
This video was nice to watch and it was interesting. Thanks for that. This is with a good reminder of where the T-rex lived when they still existed. The over-popularity of T-rex in the world has caused people to believe that T-rex was king and apex all over the world. Such as also in Europe, Asia and Africa too because people think that the T-rex is so awesome, mighty, cool and king. Therefore I hope that people would stop believing so and would get to know their favorite dino better because T-rex only lived in North America.
Yeah, Pangaea already split up in the late cretateous.
Nice info, thanks.
Belly ribs!? I'll have to reevaluate all of my life choices because of this new information
The landowner is a bit of an arse imo.
Can’t really blame him since there’s no laws protecting fossils for science and that money would be life changing for a poor rancher. Wish we would take steps to even the playing field though…yes, offer a good amount for record breaking fossils but millions is ridiculous.
@@natalyrausch
"yes, offer a good amount for record breaking fossils but millions is ridiculous."
No, it isn't. Fossils like this cost millions, *precisely because they're so spectacular, and so rare*. From a purely economic standpoint, it makes sense. Inflation of the money supply certainly doesn't help.
No: the real issue is fundamentally logistical: Scientific institutions don't recieve enough funding for this sort of thing (and don't sufficiently cooperate to pool resources for such emergencies). Sue was obtained by the Field Museum only through the largesse of companies supporting it--as Dr. Connor states in the video. Had someone been able to convince Bezos or Gates to pitch in, things could have gone differently.
One could follow the ideas of other nations, and make fossils automatically public, or heavily penalize illegal collecting (which the US already does), but then you get black markets like you find in Asia. There's no easy solution, near as I can tell.
It belongs in a museum
Great lecture T rex is my favorite dino....
Best ever dino talk