Acid-Base Reactions in Solution: Crash Course Chemistry #8
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- čas přidán 5. 07. 2024
- Last week, Hank talked about how stuff mixes together in solutions. Today, and for the next few weeks, he will talk about the actual reactions happening in those solutions - atoms reorganizing themselves to create whole new substances in the processes that make our world the one we know and love. This week, we focus on acids and bases and their proton-exchanging ways.
Watch this video in Spanish on our Crash Course en Español channel! • Reacciones ácido-base ...
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Table of Contents
Chemistry Can Cause Death 00:00
Acids and Bases are Complicated 02:25
Conjugate Bases 05:37
Conjugate Acids 04:48
Acid-Base Stoichiometry 06:49
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Pin the answer to the limestone question! :P
*An aspiring chemist watching crash course*
”chemist die younger than the average person”
*re-thinks life*
actually tho
that was me
Now, every time I drop soap in the shower, I am going to that I "dropped the base".
Shame on you.
Lol
**HEARS HIMSELF SINGING ALL ABOUT THE BASS EXCEPT ITS NOW BASE**
Just don't do it in prison ;)
@@ashdavid5337 LMAO I was about to say that. I'm glad I wasn't the only one who thought of that
There used to be a DJ called DJ Titrate. He always loved to drop the base (into acids).
LOL
Sounds salty
But did he drop acid?
Funny chemistry story (actually, not really, lab safety ain't no joke kids...):
I once had my shirt disintegrated off me. A classmate walked right behind me and I didn't know he was there and I bumped into him. I don't remember the concentration, but unfortunately for me he was carrying a tray with phosphoric acid. It wasn't life threatening but about an hour later while riding the bus home, I was feeling a little itchy on my shoulder where the acid spilled on me. I reached back to scratch it and my shirt just started...well...disintegrating at the touch. I lost the whole upper right side of my shirt.
Confused the hell out of the bus driver, who noticed my current state of attire as I was exiting the bus, before she could ask I said, "Don't worry, I just had acid spilled on me in chemistry." I then proceeded to take long and thorough shower as soon as I got home.
A 'friend of a friend' being funny in class when lab safety was being covered - you know: "don't inhale directly, just waft it towards you", was being a typical asshat and while repeating something to the effect of "ahh, the wafting sensation" was a little too vigorous, and waved too hard, or inhaled too deeply, but definitely knocked himself out. He made a full recovery, and the rest of my High School life was filled with a "enjoy the wafting sensation" joke whenever someone passed gas in that group of friends. As teenage boys, you can image, it was often. Incidentally, we did *not* in fact enjoy it, at all.
-Shawn
The worst thing that could happen is having a bad teacher. -cough- -cough- -cough- you know who you are bad chem teachers
Walter White?
Free Toothpaste Too soon, free toothpaste, too soon.
I'm lucky enough to have a great one. They're quite rare.
..Except I'm missing a shit ton of school because I'm sick and Hank's a great teacher too. :D
Walter White is the best chemistry teacher ever. One of his students even became a millionaire with him!
Yeah...my chem teacher is like "Here is a worksheet with some notes...sorta...figure out this whole unit, I'm not going to explain anything.....here is your test. 20 questions...oh, why did all of you fail?"
I learned more from this 11 minute video than I did the past month in school
I literally just told a friend of mine "I learned more in 20 minutes on this channel than 1 month in school". High five!
タイトル何て自分で考えなさいな
Same here !!!!!
same here
past year'
You must have some shitty teachers? You were probably just zoning out in class.
When you need to watch crash course on 1.5x speed because of test in 7 minutes...
+Frederick Schulze Haha xD got high school exams in 2 days, need to learn all subjects from scratch since I don't go to school... French will kill me, don't speak a word of it and need to be near-native in 6 days :c
+pianosRepic wow you are FUCKED but as a pretty good french student if you learn how to conjugate into the past and future tenses that should get you pretty far as a speaker
sounds like a strategy :P thanks
+pianosRepic You're taking a school exam but don't go to school...hmm. My bullshit-o-meter is going of the scale
+Sexual Chocolate exams are state regulated in the Netherlands, you can just sign up, pay 500 euro's or so and take the exams, even if you are a homeless dude or a couch potatoe like yours truly
Crash Course is undoubtedly the best educational channel on CZcams. However, it would be great if more topics could be incorporated by adding more series, like physics, math, and a series specifically on DNA or something. I really appreciate what you guys do, so thank you! #CrashCourse
+CrashCourse
+David Feng Crash Course Physics started a few days ago and it is awesome. :D
David, the boseman science channel has some really good videos on DNA and other grade 12 biology topics
watch Kahnkademy it helps me a lot, these two channels xD
Well now there is psychology, philosophy, and I think they will only continue to expand their range of topics. Especially, as more students, and whatnot, discover their channel.
Hank is out of his office!? What!?!?!? Mind. Blown.
crazy right
Dear Hank, Please can we have some "Chemistry, Causing problems ... But also fixing them" Tee shirts, they would kick so much ass
dear hank,
how abut chemistry in technology?
anyone?
O.K. so if Vlog Bros Inc won't make them, would taking an excerpt of dialogue and transcribing it to a T-shirt count as fair use?
+ben middleton ya they didnt copyright that exact line so go ahead sell them urself
mrpkmnfrk sod selling them, I just wanted one for myself, although...
"Causing problems... but also providing solutions"?
PLEASE CAN WE HAVE CRASH COURSE PHYSICS
+Thingonometry - yeah
+Thingonometry - Yes, please!
+Thingonometry - Puhleassseeeee
+Thingonometry - would be totally cool if they got Brian Cox to host it
And also Geography PLEASE
Just to make sure I have this right as some of the calculations set out below seem incorrect:
For 1 metric ton of coal containing 3% Sulphur the following applies:
30 Kg of Sulphur requires as calculated in the video: 30000 g of S / 32.065 = 935.59956 moles then as 1 mole of S reacts with 1 moles of CaCo3 = 935.59956 * 100.09 = 93644.159 g which is = 93.64 Kg of CaCo3 to fully neutralize it producing 112.431 Kg of CaSo3. Therefore you need ~ 3.12 Kg of CaCo3 to neutralize 1 Kg of Sulphur.
Knowing this, the approximate answers would be as follows for 1x10^9 metric tons of coal:
The amount of Sulphur produced from 1 metric ton of coal = 30 Kg * 1 billion = 3.0x10^10 Kg of S produced.
The amount of CaCo3 needed for 1 metric ton of coal = 93.64 * 1 billion = 9.364x10^10 Kg of CaCo3 needed (which is 3.121 times the amount of Sulphur produced).
Finally the amount of CaSo3 produced from 30 Kg of Sulphur reacting with 93.64 Kg of CaCo3 = 112.431 * 1 billion = 1.12431x10^11 Kg of CaSo3 produced.
RFM for Sulphur = 32.065 g
RFM for CaCo3 = 100.09 g
RFM for CaSo3 = 120.17 g
Good luck to all!
You're like the Bill Nye for adults. So informative and you make it easy to understand. Thank you!
***** I'm going to be a freshman
o really.......
o really.......
+arielartista and better.He is not evangelist atheist
+Atomic Ninja Neither is Bill Nye.
Evangelism's definition specifically refers to conversion to Christianity.
Bill Nye is not telling people to be atheist or agnostic, but is merely anti-religion. And rightly so.
The first 13 seconds pretty much sum up my life
Sames
haven't got to the last part ... yet. :')
lol sameee
ze62948 how do you fail chemistry?
It's a hard concept to grasp.
Soap is a base. People say "Drop the base"
Does this mean drop the soap?
This world is evil.
The Jimmy Hendrix reference for Strong Acids and Acid Jazz for Weak Acids was excellent Thought Bubble; thank you for being amazing.
+Neurotransmission I agree. Jimi Hendrix and acid rock (and, you know, THAT acid as well) as strong acid, a weak bass player as weak base, deadmau5 as strong bass and acid jazz as weak acid was a pretty huge combo, hahaha. Good work, Thought Bubble!
I'll never get enough of Crash Course. . .every review is perfectly wittingly constructed and presented.
"now, you may be wondering: 'who's been coming by, and throwing sulfuric acid on STATUES?'" it has been five minutes and i'm still laughing :D
So, an acid is like two parents setting their child up for adoption, while a base is like the orphanage taking the child in. Just saying.
a bit Grimm analogy, but usefull
JACOB SARTOURIOUS
Yeah,but strong acids don't wait for a family to come,they just break down someones doar and frow the kid in the house,while a strong base breaks into your house and steels the baby.
yeah that's one type
Vlad the Impaler were u inspired by "Dracula untold" fr ur name?
Surprisingly the Fine Bros haven't taken this video down
+someboredinsaneasian banter
Why would they?
the word "reactions"
someboredinsaneasian ohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
What are the fine bros?
I really wish i could have seen this channel back in high school when my chemistry teachers sucked and made me hated the subject. You make chemistry much more of fun than boring equations, man!
Chemistry, the cause and solution to all our problems.
I love the way that Chemistry is handled in these videos. It makes Chemistry seem like a fun, easy to understand science, as opposed to an impossibly difficult science that a lot of media portrays it to be. That, and these videos are extremely helpful for brushing up on material learned in the classroom.
Hank, I can never thank you enough for those crash courses! After a semester without chemistry, I definitely needed to freshen up my knowledge to be able to follow my "Industrial applications of chemistry" class in college. Thank you (and the whole team) so much! :D
Yeah, I think I'm gonna stick to studying physics and math, seems like I'm at lower chance of, well, dying if I choose that instead
You might bleed to death in math due to a paper cut or die in a physical moment(ex:rockets and carcrashes) in physics.
Andy Su Well, one paper cut is surely not gonna cut it, no pun intended.
And come on, if I stay by the drawing table I'm definently gonna be safe from all that other stuff
Also, a cat might come and scratch you up... if it survives the nuclear bunker, that is...
Punit Daga Now why would I have a cat?
Schrodinger's cat?
The answer to the question in the video:
Since a ton (1000kg) of coal produces 30kg of sulfur, a billion tons (1,000,000,000kg) would produce 30,000,000kg (30,000,000,000g) of sulfur.
The molar mass for limestone (CaCO3) is 32.1 g/mol.
30,000,000,000 g ÷ 32.1 g/mol = 934,579,439.3 moles of sulfur.
Since one mole of sulfur equals one mole of CaCO3 used, 934,579,439.3 moles of limestone is needed.
The molar mass of CaCO3 is 100.1 g/mol.
934,579,439.3 mol × 100.1 g/mol = 9.36 × 10^10 g = 93,4441,401.87 kg of CaCO3
93.4 million kilograms (94 thousand tons) of limestone would be used.
(sorry I didn't count the significant digits in my calculations. Pls correct me if I had a mistake. Also, after reading this, you may as well guess my age.)
Thanks, I was looking for this comment.
Intelligence is a poor thing to judge age based on, but based on the fact that you're asking I would hazard a guess at around 15.
Also; what no Stoichiometetric equation?!?
Just kidding. ^_^
Be careful with the powers of 10 when converting tons to kilogramms. A billion tons = 1,000,000,000 tons = 1,000,000,000,000 kg = 1,000,000,000,000,000 g (1000^5 or 10^15 grams), so 30,000,000 kg of sulfur that you calculated would be the amount produced by a million tons of coal. For a billion tons of coal approximately 93.6 billion kilograms (96 million tons) of limestone would be needed
Reawaken :3 The molar mass for limestone is not 32.1g/mol... it's about 100.1 g/mol. Won't that change the final answer?
Sean Crockett wait nevermind that's a typo on your part, you probably meant to say sulfur instead of limestone
Reawaken :3 dude you rock ahah
Last-minute cramming for the AP exam...anyone else?!
Mine is today, maybe we're taking the same exam.
Oh hey, how did you guys do? I'm doing an overnight Crash Course Chem marathon for my semester exam tomorrow. I have a different schedule that conflicts with school (leading up to my finals, I go at a different pace), and even though semester exams are internal, if I get an F tomorrow (or anything below a B, actually) my Chemistry teacher is going to seethe. So basically.. I'm doomed.
*****
Guessed on a third of the questions. Everybody did bad so we go a curve.
+Yoshi's VGM just curious, how did it went, did watching CCC helped?
Of course another AP kid announcing to the world that yes in fact he is in AP
Hank and Crash Course team, thank you so much for making chemistry much more interesting, keeping me awake and making me feel motivated with your informative lectures, jokes and illustrations. I am grateful that someone is able to break concepts down for me so I don't fail my Chem 2 class. You never disappoint!(:
am i the only one not watching this for a test?
I am as well! I find this fascinating.
im watching it for a projects does that count?
Prez Taco well, it isnt for your enjoyment.
hah, never :P
I graduated years ago . I just like watching crash course.
oh the metric/SI units... feels so good...
A few years ago, a group of my friends and I had to do a project about a problem in the world and we did it about acid rain in Africa and talked about adding limestone to rain water to make it better for drinking. Now I finally understand the chemistry!
Excellent episode. But just wanted to mention that the final definition mentioned in this episode for Acids and Bases is the Bronsted-Lowry definition. The more accepted and universal definition is Lewis Acids and Bases which covers a broader part of chemistry that undergo similar reactions.
6:23 I didn't know Deadmau5 had a strong base. His attitude gives me acids.
wait wait wait... slow down... I don't get it.
He is that DJ with the mouse hat...
Punit Daga And do you know his attitude in Twitter and public?
Jefferson Moordenaar Nope... never researched... I'm so frustrated with keeping up with all news and things online that it has come to a point where I need to know about literally everything and everyone regardless whether I do or don't care about them...
Punit Daga Nah this is nothing like that, Ik what you mean.
Just look up on Joel's Twitter feuds and you would know.
gosh I wish these videos were around last year when I took AP Chem. my teacher was totally incapable of connecting with my learning style no matter how many times I asked for help, and I came REAL close to failing. I feel like I understand everything so much better now... it makes my life so much easier...or it would have, if I was still taking chem, haha. I guess I just have to find a way to incorporate more chemistry into my life...
you remind me of Bill Nye. my goal is to be like you guys eventually!
Jenefer Motta I hope you reach your goals 🤙🤙
The sulfur acid equation at 06:57 is not balanced:
02 + SO2 + H20 -> 2H2SO4
[BALANCES AT]
O2 + 2H20 + 2SO2 -> 2H2SO4
Thanks. Wondered why my kg of CaCO3 was double of his value.
I noticed that as well, but just thought I was stupid and missed something so I re watched the video 😂😂
This man ate a lemon for our education! Much respect
9.36 x 10^7 metric tonnes of CaCO3
Woah is that DeadMau5?
I LOVE THIS EVEN MORE
Derpy :)
Dear Mr. Hank Green, you are a legend. Thank you for this video!!
The equation at 6:58 is unbalanced. put a 2 in front of SO_2 and H_2O
What a great Crash Course! I have wanted to see something like this for a very long time. I knew I was really interested in chemistry, but not all the details, and found it very hard to find any really great educational shows about it. Hank presents it better than I could have hoped for: it's fun to learn the material. Hank and John are my new heroes - seriously. This material and others like it to follow can completely democratize education. May everyone find out about it.
1:28 LMFAO that extreme close up of Captain John Mullan's face cracked me up. Hank, as always, thanks for being awesome.
Honestly, Crash Course is the only reason why I haven't failed my college-level General Chemistry class xD
holy shit Hank Green; I've been paying attention to you for a minute, but you really seemed involved in this episode. What do we have to do to fully support you and your crew to a level as Bill Nye?
Crash course smoothed out biology; now it's pulling me through chem. Thanks guys! These videos are freakin awesome!
THANK YOU. After I watch this a couple more times I'm confident I will finally understand protonation. Maybe.
Anyone else catch George and Lucille at 5:34?
Hank: ”chemist die younger than the average person”
also Hank: A small price to pay for salvation
Amazingly unbiased, helpful and informative ! I'm subscribing.
Once again crash course teaches me more than 12 years of school in a 10 minute video filled with humour and practical examples :) Thanks guys
About 93,551.4 tons of limestone needed- 9:50
Whoever is reading this, I just want to say, have fun with your life and enjoy it as long as you live
rocke boy be careful, because Chemistry causes death.
you just cured my depression from cramming too much
I appreciate that...really, and you do the same.
I really respect this channel and those who works for it
I love the graphic for conjugal! Absolutely fantastic!
I love your videos. Not to sound stupid, but at times you talk so fast, it can be hard to follow your concepts. I guess that is why there is a replay button. :) Please keep making videos!
You can’t understand him?
Can you understand a New Yorker?
We talk faster.
you can press the settings button and adjust the speed to 0.75 which is much better
For myself and others who need to revise important concepts:
3:58
Can you guys please make a video for back titrations? Your videos always make more sense than all other CZcams tutors :) as students you are our lifeline, and we really appreciate the work and research that goes into each lesson. Thank you!!
Thanks, Hank! We love your show. I homeschool my kids and we have so much fun watching your videos as a supplement to our curriculum.
Dear Hank Green,
Thank you so much for saving my university chemistry grade from impending doom.
About 93,551.4 tons of limestone would be needed.
Please show work..
Nope, it's 94 million ton of limestone per billion ton of coal.
This is approx.
@@807pranavghandade8 Damn
94.5 million tons taking sig figs into account.
Hank Green you are a real bless for humanity. It's a pity I get to know your videos so late, but it's a bless that I know them at all
This series has been amazingly helpful! Thank you! I still suck at stoichiometry but that's probably because I haven't watched that video yet ;)
The music bit was pretty well done.
You are incorrect at 10:42. You stated that when a base donates a proton it forms a conjugate acid. Bases do not donate protons, but rather accept them. You should have stated that when a base accepts a proton, it forms a conjugate acid. Please fix this and thanks for the great video!
I noticed that too.
Umm if you paid attention earlier at 4:02 he literally said that a base accepts a proton. So calm down.
5:16 on the right hand side...
Thank you so much for this video!!! CrashCourse has saved me on soooo many tests...
5:33 Really appreciate the Arrested Development reference. Also, these videos help immensely.
this channel make me love chemistry and physics...
yep me too
Its the anti-acid BASEically
Jag ÄLSKAR den som gjorde den svenska översättningen av denna video! All cred till dig!
Using this to revise acids and bases is way more fun that any other revision I've done
gah. damn it, I don't know if it's me or what.But i think he's speaking too fast I love this channel and everything but...Gaaah. Gaaaah. I hope I can understand this soon.Exams are coming up.Damn it.
You can lower the speed if you are on desktop
oh. okay ill try that out. gee, thanks!
+Yoshioka Futaba did you try captions?
+Yoshioka Futaba Yes, you can lower or increase speed on almost any computer or laptop. I actually watch this at 1.7x faster than normal, but if 1.0 is too fast for you, you can try 0.7x or even 0.5x. If you don't see the option on CZcams automatically, try an excellent Chrome extension called Video Speed Contoller.
You are a dosshbag
loved the hendrix reference
I found this video in peculair very interesting and well made. It's link with current events makes it less abstract and more easy to capture. Thank you very much!
Excellent subtle reference to arrested development. Your work is appreciated.
Hank, could you please put up IGCSE level sciences for us GCSE students?
especially when its finals week oh my god
Good video, except there was one error, At 10:43, it's supposed to be when a base accepts a proton it becomes a conjugate acid.
Oh my god you really are amazing🙌🙌 how did you just explained me so easily about exactly all those things I was so😵😵 confused about for such long . Thanks seems a small word 😍😍
This has actually been helping me a lot.
"So, forget everything you ever learned about acids, wipe the slate clean, the most common acid on earth is water. Wuh? And water is also the most common base, and am I saying this purely to confuse you? Yes!" - Hank
Aww...Thanks, Hank.
HOW IN THE WORLD DID HE KNOW HW MY CHEMISTRY CLASS/ LIFE HAS BEEN?!?!?!??!?!
this is really good and so are the rest of the videos helping me out soo much thank you
I love your guys' channel. Thank you. I am struggling with Chemistry. Lov the math, confused about everything else...
I'm not smart idk how I ended up here
Just learn. Grow smart.
+Francisco Arellano stay a while and that will change!
Anyone can become knowledgeable about anything. Don't doubt urself. Impress urself ❤
That was inspiring woah
Crash Course Physics? Crash Course Government? Crash Course Statistics? Crash Course MCAT/ Anatomy and Physiology? please?
*****
200 60mg Pseudophedrine HCL pills (Actifed, Sudafed, Suphedrine, etc.)
1 1/2 cups Ammonium Nitrate fertilizer (33-0-0)
3 cans starting fluid
3 AA Energizer Lithuim Batteries
1 bottle Red Devil brand Lye
2 caps of water (use the top off the 2 liter)
1 box Iodized Salt
1 bottle Liquid Fire brand drain opener
now shake n bake.
They did it all! Omg
all of those exsit
Thanks hank i never understood stron acid and weak base stuff. Makes complete sense
Thanks. I love your videos and they're really helpful. They make my science class fun 😉🙂
Go Brown! As suggested by one of the best TV hosts ever, Mike Rowe. Cleanish coal is better than no coal. You can't just shut off all the coal plants in the US like a light switch. You have to phase them out slowly while other energy sources are put in place. Going green isn't always an option, but you almost always start by going brown.
Going "green", haha. But yes I agree with you.
I got 320679320.679. Here's my process:
1) Find 3% of 1 billion, which is 30,000,000.
2) Find the amount of grams in 30,000,000 kilograms, which is 30,000,000,000.
3) Find the amount of sulfuric moles in 30,000,000,000 grams , which is 963,000,000,000.
4) Find how much Calcium Carbonate this translates to, as Calcium carbonate has a molar mass of 100.1, ANS = 9620379620.38 grams.
5) Reduce this number back to kilograms, which ends up being a tidy 9620379.62038 kilograms, or about 9620 metric tons.
Your method is correct but you made a mistake on step 1.
Find 3% of 1 billion TONNES, not 1 billion. 1 billion tonnes = 10^15g
3% of 10^15g = 3x10^13g
Number of S moles in 3x10^13g = 9.36x10^11 moles (might have different answer in this step depending one what value you have for sulfur's relative atomic mass).
CaCO3 molar mass = 100.1g
(100.1) x (9.36x10^11) = 9.37x10^10kg
Convert kg to tonnes (divide by 1000)
~ 9.37x10^7 tonnes of limestone.
But yeah otherwise well done. Just remember to check your SI units. :)
God dammit the units strike again. Shoulda listened to Mrs. Brown when she said to keep the units written.
+Tom Ricketts Actually, your method of rounding may be flawed. As sulphur has an atomic mass of 32,065 or a molar mass of 32,065 moles, you get the value of there being 9,35453696*10^11 moles. As 4 is a smaller number than 4, the correct manner of approximation would be to round downwards to n(S)=9,35*10^11 mol.
ZewdPlays
you broke my brain
this really helped with my chemistry revision! Thanks!
your videos are literally so good. Thank you so so very much !!!!
3:01 hehe basically
this channel needs a math playlist.
True
I think i am really sticking to chemistry after listening the above video.Thank you,as in
India ,teachers are not worth enough
This episode is one of the best produced episodes I've seen
A green little chemist mixed green little chemicals in a green little way.
Now green little clouds wave over the green little chemist's green little grave.
Play at half speed, he sounds drunk/high. Play at double-speed, he sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk. :)
Thanks Hank and Crashcourse!
Hank at 3:24
CANT STOP LAUGhing!! This guy is legit!! Superrrrr