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66. The First Crusade and the Jews (Jewish History Lab)
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- čas přidán 24. 04. 2021
- Brief overview of the First Crusade and the Rhineland Massacres of 1096.
Recommended Reading:
Robert Chazan, In the Year 1096: The First Crusade and the Jews (muse.jhu.edu/book/1224)
Interested in studying more deeply with our Membership perks?
Join our learning community of students, researchers and colleagues: / @henryabramsonphd
There is a misconception that the Crusades only focused on the Holy Land. Crusades also campaigned in the area now called Poland and the Baltic States as well as in what is now Spain and Portugal.
Watched this and the previous videos in this series and other videos, most of them on TV rather than the laptop. I've learnt a lot and just wanted to express my thanks to you. Keep smiling because it certainly helps, especially when the events become so unbelievably sad.
I really enjoyed this lecture especially since its helping me understand my roots of Sephardic Jewish heritage. Very recent my husband discovered Armenian, Yemenite and Mitzhab Jewish heritage as well. Looking at the map it is all making so much sense to me. So crazy that his parents didn't tell him a thing about them running away from the Armenian Holocaust and they had a good involvement with the Jewish Community. His parents passed away 3 years ago and told him they were Chaldean and he has zero Assyrian DNA. Both of us are both learning of our Jewish background and practicing Judaism as well as our 21 year old son. My son is so excited of his heritage.
Fascinating! Enjoy in good health.
@@HenryAbramsonPhD With all due respect. Why do some Jewish historians find the need to really emphasize, that the number of murdered was relatively small in comparison with the holocaust?
There were some bishops that protected the Jews but did all bishops do so?
Don't we see (as you mention towards the end)that the official crusade also butchered the Jews of Jerusalem?
Thank you Dr Abramson you are one of my favorite Historians.
Thanks for videos. There are some intersting seesightings in the SHUM area: ruins of the sinagoge and very good preserved Mikva in Speyer, Rashi house in Worms and old jewish cementaries.
Great history conference.Keep on the good work.
This one really hits home since I live close to Mainz. Words fail me when I think about these massacres. If they were really so deluded to think murdering innocent people would erase their sins and grant them a place in heaven, they were probably somewhat perplexed to end up in an entirely different department. 👿
I read "The Templars" (Michael Haag) a while back the facts explained here mostly align, some accounts are a tiny bit biased as Haag, I think, was a Templar admirer.
The Church never approved or ordered the Jews slaughter, on the contrary. On the second crusade, crusaders were told outright "The Jews are not to be persecuted, killed or even put to flight. The Jews are for us the living words of scripture, for they remind us always what the Lord suffered."
People just go rogue when they are cut from authority. There are different description of the crusaders, some very holy, some just butcher looking for glory, some regular people uneducated and some just picked up on the way to Jerusalem.
Truth hurts. This is your bloody past and hatful present.
No wonder everybody left the church
The prayer Av Harachamim recited before mussaf on Shabbat [and yom tov when Yizkor is held] comes to us from that time.
Sounds like Peter the Hermit was borrowing a story from Tanach regarding a donkey that spoke, I'm guessing...where else would he come up with that? Also thank you for this lecture, it helped sort out some misconceptions I had regarding the Bishop and Crusaders. They were not United in their treatment of Jews. It's definitely a hard/sobering topic and part of history to learn about.
Agreed.
Shalom well said thank you.
16:36 was Count Emico's crusade stopped by the Hungarians or by the Mongols? I've heard about a Mongol army that marched west into "unknown" territories and accidentally bumped into and destroyed an army of crusaders, but I haven't heard or something like that regarding the Hungarians.
Thanks for the explanation. I never understood what the problem was.
Rabbi Dr. Markus Lehman Rabbi of Mainz, writes that he heard from the elders of the community , that the famous shtadlan Yosselman of Rosheim would comfort the Jews condemned to death, which he couldn’t stop from execution. Saying in the name of Mahram of Rottenberg, when a Jew makes up his mind to die al kiddush Hashem he won’t feel any pain.
It's been proven that the 1st. crusade came about as a result of a personal friendship between a French Rabbi and the Caliph residing in Cairo . The two often corresponded
and in one writing the Caliph complained to the French Rabbi that Christian pilgrimages were upsetting and he felt threatened by the large numbers of Christians coming onto Muslim held territory to worship at the tomb of the Holy Sepulcher . The rabbi then advised the Caliph to burn the church to the ground and that would eliminate the need for Christians to travel from Europe to the Middle East. He assured the Caliph that once the destination was eliminated the need to make pilgrimage would also be eliminated.
The Caliph for reasons unknown thought this was a good idea and set the torch to this most holy site in Christendom. The outrage spread quickly and as a result you have the start of the crusades, Way to go Rabbi.
And how was this proven?
@@zafirjoe18 : Some time ago I read a very well written book by a British author[female] I don't recall her name but the title was HOLY FIRE.
It's an easy read ,loaded with great info.I highly recommend it to anyone with an interest in the ME and the politics of the region,especially the Levant..
It centers around Jerusalem ,its history ,in particular the church of the Holy Sepulcher and the political infighting among the many Christian denominations
making pilgrimage to this great religious site.. She documents the story about the Rabbi and the Caliph and the crusades.
@@frankcaciques1318 typical anti Semitic trop , the Jews were usually blamed as the agressor although they were always the victim.
It never happened, in fact the church of the unholy sepulchre was standing and rebuilt, when the blood thirsty crusaders sacked Jerusalem in 1099 .
As one of the chroniclers writes;
After massacring all the inhabitants, lighting the synagogue on fire and , ankle deep in blood.
They went to the church of the unholy sepulchre ‘ sobbing excess of joy’ they dismounted their horses , entered the church they put their blood stained hands together in prayer . And they said Lord look we avenged your blood .
@@zafirjoe18 ; sounds like you're describing some good old fashioned Old Testament vengeance no?
@@frankcaciques1318 no I’m describing the effects of the NT namely that from the tax collector “ let their blood be on our hands for generations “
השם מקדים רפואה למכה
The Jews settled in Speyer only a mere 10 years before the first crusade, with Rabbis opening a Yeshiva there after a progrom in Mainz in 1085 .Many Rabbis moved there as they were given many rights.
They were mainly speared in the first crusade giving חכמי אשכנז a chance to revive.
There is a Kabbalah from the Bal Shem Tov , that one of the משפחות המיוחסות are family Shapiro that hail from Speyer .
I believe also that they offered penitents for every sin if they went on Crusade. So you could just imagine how much of a caliber of people they was who went on to “holiness.” I think a pope even sanctioned it later on. Wackidooddles 😆
It wasn't to protect pilgrims. That may have been the causes-belli.. but the real issue was the near constant incursions into the Roman/Byzantine empire and the hope to reclaim that land. That was the original goal of the crusade. Baldwin and the other crusaders quickly carved out thier own kingdoms rather than return it to the emperor.
I think the second crusade was because of that, but was also an excuse to get rid of the nobles that warred incessantly in France, some were true believers, some were looking for glory, kind of like the modern virtue signalling. The Church didn't approve of the Jews slaughter "The Jews are not to be persecuted, killed or even put to flight. The Jews are for us the living words of scripture, for they remind us always what the Lord suffered."
Exactly. There was any religious reason behind it. That's why Arab christian Christians were the first to be killed.
#istandwithisreal
כָּבַשׁ הָאָב רַחֲמָיו לִזְבֺּחַ יְלָדִים הִשְׁלִים כְּכָרִים לִטְבֺּחַ הֵכִין לְבָנָיו מַטְבֵחַ:
לְאִמּוֹתָם נוֹאֲמִים הִנֶּנוּ נִשְׁחָטִים וְנִטְבָּחִים כְּהִקְדִּישׁוּם לָטֶבַח וְהִתִּיקוּם לַאֲבָחִים נָשִׁים פִּרְיָם עֺלֲלֵי טִפֻּחִים:
מִי יִשְׁמַע וְלֹא יִדְמַע הַבֵּן נִשְׁחָט וְהָאָב קוֹרֵא אֶת שְׁמַע מִי רָאָה כָזֺאת מִי שָׁמָע:
נְוַת בַּיִת הַיָּפָה בְּתוּלַת בַּת יְהוּדָה צַוָּארָהּ פָּשְׁטָה וּמַאֲכֶלֶת הִשְׁחִיזָה וְחִדְּדָה עַיִן רָאֲתָה וַתְּעִידָהּ
( Kinno of R’ Klonymous Ben Yehudah ) recited Tish’a B’av .who lived at גזירת תתנ״ו.
From here the Mahram M’Rottenberg in his responsa pardons a devestated father who slaughtered his wife and four children at the massacre of Koblenz 1265. He himself was going to kill himself but was saved by some gentiles.
They actually made a bracha על השחיטה .
There was no israel at that time.. 😂😂😂
You seem to separate "ragtag Crusaders" from "real warrior Crusader knights". However, when Jerusalem was taken in 1099, it fell to the knights and they made burnt Jews alive, after cornering them in the synagogue by setting it ablaze.
You should not follow every Islamist propaganda narrative: It is propaganda to label Western troops as crusaders just like any other Westerner who is critical of Islamism's hatred and violence. The conclusion of the lecture was rather disappointing after all the intelligent and informative stuff before.
Truth hurts.
Hypocrite
Constantinople has been occupied by invaders since 1453. What is to be done? By the way, Dr. Abramson's lectures are brilliant and even-handed. His overview of Ukrainian history is especially well-balanced.