Dictator Michel Micombero and Burundi's Untold Painful History
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- čas přidán 16. 06. 2024
- For all its lushy green, mountainous beauty, the tiny African nation of Burundi has a bloodied and tragic history. 1972 in particular was a tragic year in Burundi. That year, a Hutu-led rebellion erupted in the south, killing hundreds, maybe thousands of Tutsis. The repression that ensued against the Hutus reached genocidal proportions.
This repression was carried out under the rule of the country’s dictator, Michel Micombero, a Hima Tutsi, who was in power from 1966-1976 before he was overthrown in a coup by the military.
But some of the origins of Burundi’s ethnic conflict, which occurred for over three decades following the country's independence, can be traced back to the policies of the colonizers, particularly during the time when Belgium was in control of the territory.
In this episode of African Biographics, we cover the largely untold painful and tragic history of Burundi especially during the leadership of the dictator Michel Micombero.
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Sources:
www.britannica.com/place/Buru...
www.sahistory.org.za/place/bu...
www.nytimes.com/1983/07/18/ob...
nationalinterest.org/blog/buz...
www.bbc.com/news/world-africa...
www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?s...
uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm...
www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/p...
The State of Africa: A History of the Continent Since Independence, Martin Meredith , 2011
Africa: A Modern History, Guy Arnold, 2005
Encyclopedia of African History, Edited By Kevin Shillington, 2005
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Music:
Heartbreaking Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com/
John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: chriszabriskie.com/uvp/
Artist: chriszabriskie.com/
Harbor by Kai Engel is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Interloper Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
creativecommons.org/licenses/b...
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Chapters:
00:00 - 01:57 Introduction
01:57 - 04:40 Burundi History
04:40 - 09:15 Independence and Crisis in Burundi
09:16 - 11:41 Who Was Michel Micombero
11:41 - 14:50 Micombero's Dictatorship
14:52 - 17:30 1972 Burundi Genocide
17:30 - 18:58 Micombero Falls
18:58 - 22:05 Burundi After Micombero
Feel free to reach out to us at africanbiographics@gmail.com
Never underestimate the power of “divide and conquer” coupled with minority rule. The French, Belgians, and British used this to maximum effect. Francafrique hasn’t yet recovered 😭
Nigeria too has not recovered. Southern Nigeria is under the thumbs of a reactionary, feudal Hausa-Fulani aristocracy.
Isn't the word «dictator» used a bit too often?
German's hitler . Zaire republic Mobutu seseko
Yes the seed of the Serpent wreaking havoc everywhere it colonizes … The good news is The Most High Sits High and looks low . TMH knows who is who and those that were really responsible will pay with eternal suffering . Africa is the holy land and the oppressors know this and each day looks for an opportunity to shed blood. We must see them for who they really are and this is the children of satan who loves bloodshed .
Independence in the 50ties, 60tiies I think it's time Africa take responsibility for the way you chose your "leaders", meaning the people ARE the country, not the "leader" he or she is a servant to the people/country
Thank you brother for sharing this painful story of my country. Most people do not know Burundi and the heartbreaking events that she has known. My hope and prayers are that we will heal and rise together as one people to further serve as an example to our African brothers that we are one African people; and regardless of what we have gone through as Africans, we can and will heal and rise again. God bless you brother.
Thanks David
Hutu always seem to be useless despite enjoying majority.
I do not support the ideology of division brought by the colonisers who wanted to divide us in order to control us easily. Hutu or Tutsi, none of them is useless. They are simply brothers and sisters, a citizen of one beautiful country who have got the job to build their country.
Hutu and Tutsi have the same culture and same language, they were never tribes or anything close to that. They were simply social constructs to determine the working class and the elite.
If you don’t mind me asking while growing up in Burundi how sharp was the awareness of whatever supposed ‘differences’ there were between Hutu and Tutsi ? Did Hutu and Tutsi children only play with each other or did it make no difference and how much did they interact as adults ? I guess I want to know how much of this is the result of ‘ancient tribal hatreds’ (the usual Western excuse for doing nothing) and how much was the manipulations of local and regional politicians ?
@@teddydog6229 This is a great question. I grew up in the time of war after the assassination of president Ndadaye Melchior in 1993. So maybe at this point the divisions were already established in the mind of my people. We fled the country and returned when I was around 7. I didn’t fully understand the true reason of the war due to me being a child. I then started my education in a class made of tent in a refugee camp. Any ways … long story short …later on I started to know the differences between these two groups by where they lived. Hutus and Tutsis lived in different neighbourhoods and it was dangerous for me to enter the neighbourhoods of the opposite group. After Primary six I went to high school in a neighbourhood of a different “group”, meaning ethnicity. I was bullied and called names but things changed towards the end of high school.
That being said, there both Hutus and Tutsis in my family and hard to see the difference.
Anyways, that’s my story.
This is truly the best channel on African history I've ever seen. Thank you so much for all the effort you put into this.
I really hated History in school but this channel has made me a huge fan of African history. It's so eye opening and rich in content. I love how all stories are related. We are one Africa with or without the colonial borders. Your content is uniting this beautiful continet incase you didn't know. Keep them coming and keep it up ✊ Love from Kenya
That's why we need to have boaderles states of East Africa because Those who made boaders they made them according to their own interests eg Drc,ug Rwnd,Tz all those countries you will find Barundi Rwanda language because its one language
This is one of the most informative documentary about Burundi that I have come across.
Good work, my brother, and keep it up!
Thank you man for this great video, you are my favourite African historian on CZcams👍
Thank you so much
You know I always wondered why the Rwandan genocide had such an intensity to it, this documentary, even though is about Burundi has given me answers to questions I had for years.for me those surviving hutus from the Burundi genocide who fled into Rwanda must have hardened the hearts of Rwandan hutus against all tutsis.
That's why the interahamwe killed all the tutsis in 1994 and those hutus who looked like them. I survived the war in 1994. General Michombero committed the Hutu Génocide in 1972.
Yeah this was definitely insightful to understand the ethnic difference
@@d-1beats it's the mentality. The difference between hutu and tutsis is how we think not how we look. Many Africains thought Michombero was hutu no, he is tutsi and most military in Burundi work with Rwandans tutsis .
Can we really call it Genocide against Hutus when in fact the Hutus were trying to erase all the tutsis they just didnt succed. Although the then president seeked revenge and got it really I dont know if I would call it a genocide
I think its the opposite. Rwandan tutsi refugees in Burundi are the one who set up the extremists. What the video didn't tell us is the PM hutu Pierre Ngendandumwe was assassinated by a rwandan tutsi refugees living in Burundi
Thank you so much for this informative video.
I saw Prince Charles Ndizeye (then future king Ntare V) and Michel Micombero at a public meeting at Ngozi stadium (in northern Burundi) in 1966. Then that afternoon, the prince came to visit our secondary school (Collège Don Bosco, now Lycée de Burengo) located about 2 kilometers west of the town.
I think that you should mention that the scene with people in white clothing (at 2:59 and 5:20) depicts the Rwandese king Mutara III Charles Léon Pierre Rudahigwa and Queen Rosalie Gicanda.
Thank you again.
Objective rendering of the history of an African country by an African. Superb.
Fully agree!
Thank you SO much for this mini-documentary. I have been a missionary to East Africa and Burundi is very close to my heart. I studied it's past quite a bit years back but have never seen the truth presented with such accuracy until I saw his video. It is SO needed so people better understand what REALLY happened. May God Almighty lead His people to places of repentance and train up God fearing leaders who will lead this beautiful nation to a place of peace. It is always those few with evil in their hearts who want power and money that cause the suffering of millions. May God pour out His Justice over Burundi and bring prosperity to His people there. Thank you again for this...If there is a way I could obtain this video as a download I would be willing to pay you for it...I won't do it through this platform...God Bless you
Thank you so,so much for this one,I found it so insightful, helped me to connect alot of dots,as you said alot of Hutus/Tutsi history before 1994 genocide is been neglected by historians,now I understood why rebels "banyamulenge" who ousted Mobutu came from burundi/Rwanda,again thank alot
i am a burundian and i got to say that your video was really nicely made though it's about a painful part of our history 🇧🇮🇧🇮
Do they speak french or English in Burundi after Kiswahili and the native language?
@@williamthebonquerer9181 French is the language of the education system due to as having been colonized by the French speaking Belgians ; although the vernacular language is kirundi hence the name Burundi which means those who talk kirundi (which talked by at least 95% of the population) kiswahili come in second from urban popular areas where I would say that maybe 40 or 30 % understand it, I don't though, to finish French though the language of the education system and of bureaucracy is talked by the educated and that like most poor African countries is not a big majority. As for English No, those who speak that language are those who studied at English private schools or lived in English speaking countries which is in other words not the general population.
@@mutabazimichael8404 are u Hutu or tsutsi??
@@duncanchizizi6543 I would prefer not to answer that question.
@@mutabazimichael8404 ok.its fine brother
Thank as usual for this touchy documentary. Wow..what a string of problem after problem that Burundi has gone through at the hands greed men.. resulting in the death of so many innocent souls..it's so sad and I hope that our brothers and sisters will live in harmony with each other regardless of tribe, language or colour. May this gruesome past be replaced with unity among and in Burundi.
Your videos are usually short but very informative and straight to the point. keep doing the good work. You deserve " LIKES"
The Umanuforosczcams.com/video/k5DtLkjXYQg/video.html..k.m
A wonderful and soul stirring video series. Much thanks sir!!!
Really love your channel, helps me learn a lot about african history and geopolitics, keep it up :)
The Umanuforosczcams.com/video/k5DtLkjXYQg/video.html..k.m
Love the history I was born in Burundi 🇧🇮 but I live in Canada 🇨🇦 it’s a sad story but Jesus Christ is all we have.❤ god bless you my brother
thanks tatenda so informative always looking forward to your videos
Your knowledge of the African Continent's history is one thing I will forever admire n cherish. Keep up the good work. So proud of you.
Tragic. Thanks for posting.
Thank you for your documentaries,you have been a blessing and a source of great information on African History.Be blessed.
Am a new member to your channel, and all I have to say is keep it up. So so informative
I'm a tutsi( banyamulenge) from Congo, our ancestors came from burundi and Rwanda to Congo in somewhere 1880-1900. The history of Hutu and tutsi is painful, however rwanda is setting a good example. Tutsi are more cushitic than nilotic also we have more bantu dna. Very informative video.
The Rwanda example isn't good either, that's why they're stuck with closed borders so people can't flee.
Cushitic are just nilotic with north african admixture anyway, same people
@@mikailm6934 cushitic ain't necessarily mixed, they're another type too. It's the Semitic (ex. habesha) that are cushitic and middle eastern mixed.
@@1wun1 no, cushites just like all horners and sudanese have proto Saharan/nilote ancestry(up to 55% in Somalis). Proto cushites lived in southern Egypt and mixed with proto Saharan along the red Sea before their expansion in the Horn. Habeshas received further southern arabian mix and switched to semitic languages. All of them also have hunter gatherers dna native to the Horn(omotic speakers like Aari and hadza have it the most)
@@mikailm6934 thanks mate, I just learned from you.
This is really informative, thank you. As an American who was in school about 20 years ago, they never taught us anything about events in 20th century Africa, or about the effects that colonization have had on all of the individual African countries and regions, so I'm trying to make up for that now that we have the internet, and so much more access to information outside of the U.S. There's so much information to process, so much history, but your channel already seems like an excellent resource just from this one video, and I'll definitely be watching more of your videos. Very well done, and I wish for peace and happiness to the Burundi people.
Thanks brother, I have learnt alot and did not Michael former president of Burundi died in Mogadishu at particularly Madina Hospital. Please make more videos like this, it is very informative and insightful.
Thank you very much for this. Nobody should read the Rwandan genocide without watching this. It's so inter-connected. This video is very insightful. Merci beacoup encore!
Bro you know there was three genocides in Burundi right
This is a well-done video for which i thank you as much was learned about Burundi. Keep up the good work, Sir. GOD bless as you do. Amen.
I love your videos, and they are well-researched. A bit of a correction though. True, in Burundi we have Bahutu, Batutsi(which after independence started to include Bahima but these were historically different), Batwa and Baganwa. Rwagasore, the prince was Ganwa. The Baganwa were princes and princesses from the royal family, which seem trivial but matters in the historical context of Burundi. In Burundi the King was on the top of the hierarchy then his direct sons and daughters(Ganwa), then the elite that could be either hutu, tutsi, not sure if we ever had a Twa part of the elite. Then below those, you had the regular people. Now, over generations these Ganwa became tutsis. Although the social structures are similar to those of Rwanda, people tend to forget that the Tutsi in Burundi, although they could be part of the elite, they did not constitute the royal family. So no, Rwagasore and his father Mwambutsa were not Tutsis.
fantastic documentary. thanks for keeimg african history alive
Brilliant research Sir ... complicated history of such a small country.. Another sad African story
What? There's so much I didn't know about Burundi. You should several pieces on Burundi alone because it feels there's so much you had to leave out or rush past. Thanks man.
What a brilliantly researched channel. I have a very strong belief the narrator is a Zimbabwean, they are such an educated people.
Not at all
Probs Nigerian
Sounds Ugandan but could also be Rwandan. Sometimes Zim accents sound like this too though.
@@williamthebonquerer9181 not Nigerian accent
Well his name is Tatenda...so you're not far off.😅
I love your content and it is very informative 🙏🙏
The Umanuforosczcams.com/video/k5DtLkjXYQg/video.html..k.m
You're a great piano player! Really enjoy the background music!
Burundi had been a peaceful kingdom before it got messed up in the 1960s. King Mwambutsa IV routinely drove himself alone from Gitega, where one of his residences was, across the country to Bujumbura and back. No driver, no escort.
As a Kenyan I wish the very best for Burundi, my major worry is Rwanda, post Kagame.
it will be a chaos. the Guy kagame has planted a hatred seeds not only among rwandese but with the neighbors especially congolese.
Yeah very worried
Exactly.
That d-e-vil.
Kagame ni s-h-e-i-t-a-n. One day Bantu's will get our independence.
Another excellent quality history biography
Thanks Tatenda for the lesson.
Amazing work done on this video 👍
Good video but there is however some inaccuracies:
- The King of Burundi wasn't tutsi but he was part of a distinct group called the Baganwa which still exists up to now
-there was no particular tutsi elite or nobility unlike in Rwanda, in Burundi both Hutus and Tutsis were holding positions of influence because the King was keener on clans as being a hutu or a tutsi wasn t making any difference this also explain frequent intermarriages
- The UPRONA party was founded by Rwagasore who was a Ganwa not Tutsi and the cofounder was Mirerekano who was a hutu
-Ngendadumwe the Hutu prime minister was respected by both Hutus and Tutsis so his assassination can t be attributed to the an ethnic group
-Under Micombero tustis were also persecuted an expample is that in 1969 many tutsi army officers were fasly accused and tried before a court while others were persecuted and fled leading to multiple desertions
The rest is actually on point but one need to know that in the end both hutus and tutsi suffered in Burundi and the climax of atrocities that was genocidal was in 1972 for the hutus and 1993 for the tutsis.
If you are interested there are books which were written about Burundi's history especially by Jean Pierre Chrétien they are very accurate.
The Umanuforosczcams.com/video/k5DtLkjXYQg/video.html..kk.
In Burundi's history no tribe called Ganwa those Ganwa are Royal Tutsi I mean that the called the self Ganwa cause they was descendants of the King but truly speak Ganwas are. Tutsi
This is the main reason why africa as a continent cannot be united and one country.
@@niyakhalid5650 bro how are you gonna argue with people that have actually lived in burundi. And unlike rwanda the burundian kingdom actually had hutu kings.
@@kingkamaro9442 I agree many people who arent from burundi assume that just because rwanda and burundi speak a similar language they think the history are the sames. Even the term tutsi and hutu werent used in their modern connotations till the europeans arrived and they mostly based it off the rwandan system. Tutsi basically means someone who is constantly spouting ugly words or language. And hutu mean servant or worker. After european arrival rwandan tutsi and some burundian tutsi began to call themselves this because they somehow thought it was an elevation to royal status or something.
Ndimi muneyese chibaba. I've just liked and subscribed.
Very informational, great work
Another Great video bro.
Me after learning about the genocides in rwanda, burundi and the congo war. Reality is often disappointing
Thanks for the info. Excellent
Thank for the info. good to know the inside ongoings
Thanks for the video, even if is a sad history
One the best channels on youtube
We can't blame Europe for all our misfortune in Africa
Urakoze for making this video ! Ca me manque , le Burundi
You speak kirundi, French and English Congratulations
@@EMChantalG Thank you !
As always great stuff
Keep it up this is a great video so educative
Great work wena
Thank you for the context, I understand Rwanda 1994 better.
indeed very good clip all African are brother and sister but knowing your people and your original is not band at all we need to live together us one people in peace and united us one people one country what I know tusis people can make very good Leaders because there are from leadership Ginny so they know how to leader they country they are the best leaders in Africa the Ajuran Kingdom family GOD bless you alot thanks
"Some of the Tutsis fled into nearby Rwanda"
*long, heavy sigh*
thank so much for tell us that history
Thanks for the great reminder that we are all Africans, no one should see themselves greater than the other. But we must come together and work together in unity. No Hutu no Tutsi, no Rwandan no Burundian or Congo, Ugand...and so on, but we are all African so we should be smart enough and stop all the killings that are still going on in our Africa for progresses.
#muchLoVe
Keep up the good work tatenda
Im learning so much through your videos, which books would you recommend as i embark on my journey of learning more about Africa from Africans
I can't believe that Burundi had such a horrible past, than you for sharing bro
Great job Tatenda!
This is well researched. I have learnt a lot about African history and human nature
Thank you!
You are welcome
Very good narration, thanks for the good work..
The education system in Uganda wasted our time teaching us European history instead of our African history from which we would pick so many lessons
we need more videos brother thanks
Very informative, amazing work
Saying tusti are nilotic who moved in rwanda around 14th century it is partially true,recent genetic studies have found that both tutshi and hutu genetic admixture come primarly from bantu speakers people and their others admixture from ethio-somali ,nilotic speakers,and the hunter gathered (pygmies)
The tutsi on average have 60 to 65 % of their admixture from the bantu speakers people,30 to 35 %from ethio-somali and other northeast people(nilotic speakers)
And 5 to 10% from the pygmies,
The hutu on average 80% of their admixture came from the bantu speakers people ,10 to 15% from ethio-somali and others northeast people,and the remaining from the pygmies.
Both tusti and hutu speak a bantu language ,before the colonization they were two different class under one nation.
Please don't kill each others my dear African brothers and sisters you are all same people bild the strong black nation lard Krishna bless Africa and African people love from INDIA 💕💕💕
Merci beaucoup beaucoup pour m’avoir informé
I am a Burundian but im really confused by this story. If the so called Tutsis are nilotics east africans who conquered burundi, how did they also manage to forget their former languages and adopted the bantu language kirundi that belongs to the people they had just conquered? shouldn't be the other way around? like right now we should be speaking some form of nilotic language like somali, or one of the many ethiopian or south sudanes language, but nope,
This happens in History in other countries too.. The French Normans invaded England and conquered the Anglo Saxon British people.. And for a few generations the language of the elites in England was French.. But after a few generations the elites adopted the English language because it was the language of the masses and to rule the masses effectively you need to speak their language..
@@AdstarAPAD yeah but english has alot of words that are obviously borrowed from french, as for us there's no trace of nilotic language or culture or traditions even though they remained on power from as this guy says the 14th century until pretty much 2005, that makes no sense!!
We do have have genetic evidence proving Hima/Tutsi/Banyamulenge descended from Nilo_cushites pastoralists who latter mixed with bantoue.
Language switch happened a lot throughout human history.
For example
Current Egyptians now speak Arabic which is different from ancien Egyptian
No linguistic study has been conducted in Rwanda/Burundi to see if there are cushit_nilosaharian language influence in Runyankole/Runyarwanda/Rundi.
@@ahata7245 you sound exactly like the Hutu murderers who also used that excuse to separate us and kill those accused of being Somali invaders. I don’t know what genetics you looked at, but last time I checked every modern day Burundian/Rwandan has exactly the same genetics. About Egypt of course they speak Arabic, guess why? Because they were conquered by Arabs, same with Sudan etc. And you know when Arabs invaded East Africa we were left with swahili, and almost all our local languages were affect by Arabic in one way or another. Also remember when Arabs conquered Spain for centuries and until today Spain cain’t shake of Arab influence both in their language and way of life. Kinda proving my point!
@@user-qh6nf2ev9s Yes because the Norman elites affected the English language and historically there was a lot of interaction between the french and the English before the Normans invaded.. But eventually the Norman elites adopted the English language.. Anyway i do not have any solution to your Nilotic language problem.. Maybe there was little to no pre invasion contact between the natives of Burundi and the tutsis and so the natives never took on any of the nilotic Words.. I am only speculating..
A job well done! Thanks for enlightening us the history of Burundi. It has helped me not make the biggest mistake of my life. I wanted to visit Burundi in the future.
I'm a Burundian and would recommend you to visit us if you have intended to.We have not completely recovered yet as so many africans nations but we have at least left.Tribalism is a really virus which has infected our nation and led us at different periods of times to civil wars.We are however heading towards recovery and development although we still have a long way to go.Don't hestitate to visit us please.We have numerous of visitors who enjoy their stay in Burundi.no more wars or major security concens to be scared of.Thanks
@@dieudonnenitereka6905 U stay in Burundi brother ?
How is the state of economy in Burundi ?
What is the major economic activity there ?
As a Burundian, I look forward to welcoming you in Burundi😎🤝
@@bobfaam5215 Bdi is virgin Country.is stable nd open for anyone interested to invest in Agriculture,Mining, Fishing or whatever you interested in.
Merci !
Africa is rich with history, it is up to us to continue with reasch for future generations to have reference.
4:48
Name of the BGM???
... I salute you Bro T🙋♂️🙋♂️🙋♂️
Great summary of Burundi political history. Thank you.
15:34 -Selective genocide June, 1972
-Educated men that could form opposition
-200, 000 killed
-200, 000 refugees into Rwanda.
-No foreign intervention
-African countries adopted the attitude that the massacres were an internal affair for Burundi 🇧🇮.
WE NOW CALL IT THE BAHIMA DYNASTY WHICH COMMITTED FIRST GENOCIDE CONDUCTED IN EAST AFRICA BEFORE RWANDA: THE 1972 GENOCIDE AGAINST HUTU.
Genocide cannot be concealed for ever. 50 years later, it is now demonstrated without reasonable doubt that the massacre of ethnic Hutu in 1972-73 by the Micombero Tutsi-Hima dominated regime government amounted to GENOCIDE as defined by the 1948 UN Convention. This means that Burundi Hutu genocide was committed in silence and perpetrators of the crime were NOT punished. It is the first documented genocide in Central Africa, committed 22 years way before the 1994 Rwanda genocide.
MORE THAN 1 YEAR after, when presenting its 2021 progress report before the Parliament on December 20th, the Burundi Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) declared one of the worst episodes of massacres in the country amounted to GENOCIDE as defined by the 1948 UN Convention Genocide committed by the 1972 Michel Micombero Tutsi-Hima dominated regime which massacred more than half a million of Burundians citizens for the only reason of being from Hutu ethnic group.
Perpetrators of the 1972 Hutu genocide in Burundi have been without any doubt an important contributing factor in the aggravation of the crisis Burundi dealt with since. Their impunity emboldened the assassination of President Melchior Ndadaye in 1993, the massacre of one hundred students by their counterparts Tutsi-Hima at the campus of the University of Burundi in 1995, one night after a visit of Vice-President Paul KAGAME at the campus, etc. and very recently the 2015 third term crisis. GENOCIDE was to the Tutsi-Hima dominated Burundi Government the magic KEY to absolute power for decades.
I'm from Burundi and I like your Doc. Thought I don't know where you got bahima Tutsi 9:30 from but that's not an ethnic group.
Your videos are so nice but the music in the background is too loud
Ok thanks for the feedback
I'd like to have you put together a video about who you (the narrator) are and your experiences!
Thanks thanks
I am rwandese but i never knew this happened in burundi
Thank you very much for the video. As a Burundian, I would like to point out an error in your distinction of ethnic groups in Burundi. In the old Burundian monarchical regime, there was a dynasty called "GANWA". Originally, the Ganwa were a mixture of Hutu and Tutsi. The Ganwa do not consider themselves Tutsi and do not consider themselves Hutu. All the kings of Burundi were Ganwa. So King Mwambutsa IV, Prince Louis Rwagasore and Prime Minister Léopold Biha are not considered Tutsi in Burundi, they are Ganwa. This distinction is very important for understanding the ancient history of Burundi.
In the former Burundian monarchy, the Ganwa constituted 60% of the chiefs (Burundi was subdivided into chiefdoms), the Tutsi 20% and the Hutu 20%. At the royal court, there were functions intended for Hutu and functions intended for Tutsi. In reality, all ethnic groups were involved in the functioning of the Court and in the life of the King. The King was perceived as the father of all Burundians "Sebarundi". This is also what explains the victory of Prince Louis Rwagasore's UPRONA in 1961 against Hutu parties supported by the Belgian guardianship. Rwagasore was not seen as a Tutsi, he was the son of the Father of all Burundians according to the understanding of the time. This also explains the different evolutions of Rwanda and Burundi at that time since in the two kingdoms, the Belgian guardianship had played the same policy of division.
This tribe of GANWA does not exist in Burundi Hutu and Tusti could be GANWA because it is a function and not either ethnic or tribe group. This is a confusion your are spreading for who do not really know about Burundi im lime with colonial views. Most of those occupying the GANWA function where tutsi and after the MICOMBERO coup he killed all the Hutu who occupied the GANWA function. That is the remaining tutsi from those who occupied that function want to prevail that GANWA is an ethnic group. It is not true and none sens!
The Ganwa or Abaganwa was the ruling dynasty and not an ethnic group. Ethnically speaking they are 100% tutsis. In the beginning of the dynasty the Ganwa were hutus. But because of the policy of marrying exclusively tutsi women for 4 or 5 centuries, the Ganwa became an integral part of the ethnic Tutsis.
You’re right my countrymate !
Nice piece… but background music is too loud and distracting
As a Kirundi speaker, I cringed hearing you repeat over and over again the name Micombero with a K. it's pronounced MITCHOMBERO and not MIKOMBERO, in Kirundi as well as it is in many other native African languages, the "C" makes the "TCHE" sound. like in manCHEster. either way good video and great research, minus some little discrepancies here and there.
The Umanuforosczcams.com/video/k5DtLkjXYQg/video.html..k.m
To be fair he couldn't have known but yes, c always makes a "tch" sound in Kirundi/Kinyarwanda
Is Micombero not michombero
Stick to real issues, not dwelling on non issues like pronunciations.
1 million people die and you are concerned with pronunciation?
Tutsis were a warrior tribe and possessed a lot of cattle (currency). The Hutus were an agricultural tribe..farmers. The Europeans usually put warrior tribes in control of the farming tribes..not because one is lighter than the other. They would usually keep the dominant order that was there before they arrived. In order to understand the conflicts that persists today people have to be realistic, understand history and stop blaming everything on the Europeans(not saying you are). It can be said that they made the situation worse but they're not the cause of it.
It is equally as important to discuss how Europeans inflame divides in society, especially by skin tone. They have used the same tactics all over the world. There is blame to go around.
@@DubG9
You're trying to tell me that no one discriminated based on skin tone before Europeans? Do you know what happens to albinos in many parts of Africa? The Akan say only an Akan woman can give birth to an Akan child..and many tribes are against mixing. Europeans did not invent that. That's about preserving cultural traditions from generation to generation. A societal structure existed on the continent of Africa before Europeans arrived. And if you read up on it you'll understand that there wasn't much difference in the way of thinking when it came to superiority of one ethnic group over another.
And which unified tribes did they divide? Where on the continent of Africa did this unity amongst the 3,000 tribes, most of whom don't speak the same language existed before Europeans arrived?
@@omar15020 you're missing the point while trying to hide your love for your colonial masters. Focus on the point I'm making only.
@@DubG9 You have no point nor nothing to teach anyone. When you can name the tribes that were divided by the people that you blame for everything then respond to me.
This channel is awesome
African history is so fascinating and dramatic and forever in flux. Which must be why the American media tells us precisely nothing about it. I never subscribed to the belief that some lives are more valuable than others. Hundreds of thousands of dead Hutu and Tutsi are just as deserving of the victims of genocidal slaughter anywhere so thank god your channel educating people who are ignorant of crimes of this scale through no fault of their own.
The governance of Burundi has been a mess over the years. Too many killings and assassinations. I pray that the country one day gets back on its feet and prospers.
Hi. This video is only found in the "African Dictators" playlist but not the main page of this channel. If you havn't notice, please fix this. Thanks
Hi, thanks for the comment. It's actually coming out as a premiere later today. That's why it is only in the playlist.
This is very sad
What an error of judgement and obvious recipe for disaster within a country where such stark tribal rivalries were already out of control, to appoint as head of the Armed Forces, a 23 year old who had only even been commissioned an Officer training at the age of 22 years a year before. And to then appoint him as Prime Minister of the country at the age of 26!
I guess King Ntare V who appointed him was only 19 years old himself. So, to him Micombero, at 26, must have seemed have a ‘mature adult’!
This volatile country was being run by almost teenagers!
There were no older candidates to choose from. That’s because for nearly the entire colonial period the colonizers had excluded all lay people from higher education in Burundi. Micombero was among the first & *OLDEST* Burundians with any post-secondary education, certainly in the military domain. This fact is in sharp contrast to the common prpganda spread around later on to whitewash colonial misdeeds.
@@regulus4745 whilst there is truth in the spirit of what you say in terms of the exclusion/limitation of the colonisers of the local by the colonisers, the truth of the matter is he wasn't "the oldest" available candidate.
If you look at the not inconsiderably long list of Prime Ministers who served under Ntare father, all were actually considerably older and better educated.
I maintain that it was a 19 year old's error of judgement to this amount of responsibility in this man's hands.
@@derin111 Can you give names of people who could have served as _“head of the Armed Forces”_ and who were _“considerably older and better educated”?_
I did not write that he was the oldest. I said he was among the oldest.
Unfortunately, I seem to have misplaced my a list of: "Potential Heads of the Armed Forces of Rwanda aged over 23 Years of Age" from nearly 60 years ago.
However, as soon as I find it again I'll ensure that you're the first to know.
In the meantime, if you have definitive proof that there was not a SINGLE more experienced/older officer in the Burundi Armed Forces at the time, could you please provide that proof here ASAP.
Thanks in advance.
@@derin111 Since you don’t know of any _"Potential Heads of the Armed Forces who were considerably older and better educated",_ you have no basis for your assertion. You claimed the existence of such candidates. The burden is on you to prove such existence, instead of attempting to shift it onto someone else to prove a non-existence.
This is better than Game of Thrones. I hope we'll see african movies based on these stories one day. Burundians and Rwandans come from warrior cultures with ruthless warrior kings. They have been killing each other over territory for centuries. Modern weapons gave them the means to kill more people.
I was flying there in the early 2000s, gunships were still taking off to attack rebels, there were blood and bullet holes in the airport.
Excuse me young man or anyone else ..
But do you know how a person can help families in Burundi?
Like being a Sponsor of poor families with children.
I watched a documentary about the lives & hardships of these beautiful people.
It really made my Heart Broken .
Thank you,
Mindy 😢💔😭😭
Help ur ppl first
Out group preference like yours is what's killing western civilization.
Can you do Patrice Lumumba please ✌️
thank you my tall brother