The Truth about the Fall of Rome | Edward J. Watts
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The fall of the Western Roman Empire (also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome) was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces; modern historians posit factors including the effectiveness and numbers of the army, the health and numbers of the Roman population, the strength of the economy, the competence of the emperors, the internal struggles for power, the religious changes of the period, and the efficiency of the civil administration. Increasing pressure from invading barbarians outside Roman culture also contributed greatly to the collapse. Climatic changes and both endemic and epidemic disease drove many of these immediate factors. The reasons for the collapse are major subjects of the historiography of the ancient world and they inform much modern discourse on state failure.
In 376, unmanageable numbers of Goths and other non-Roman people, fleeing from the Huns, entered the Empire. In 395, after winning two destructive civil wars, Theodosius I died, leaving a collapsing field army, and the Empire, still plagued by Goths, divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons. Further barbarian groups crossed the Rhine and other frontiers and, like the Goths, were not exterminated, expelled or subjugated. The armed forces of the Western Empire became few and ineffective, and despite brief recoveries under able leaders, central rule was never effectively consolidated.
By 476, the position of Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military, political, or financial power, and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman. Barbarian kingdoms had established their own power in much of the area of the Western Empire. In 476, the Germanic barbarian king Odoacer deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire in Italy, Romulus Augustulus, and the Senate sent the imperial insignia to the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno.
While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today, the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine Empire, survived and, although lessened in strength, remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean.
While the loss of political unity and military control is universally acknowledged, the Fall is not the only unifying concept for these events; the period described as late antiquity emphasizes the cultural continuities throughout and beyond the political collapse.
The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453[13][14] as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had begun on 6 April.
The attacking Ottoman Army, which significantly outnumbered Constantinople's defenders, was commanded by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II (later nicknamed "the Conqueror"), while the Byzantine army was led by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. After conquering the city, Mehmed II made Constantinople the new Ottoman capital, replacing Adrianople.
The conquest of Constantinople and the fall of the Byzantine Empire was a watershed of the Late Middle Ages, marking the effective end of the last remains of the Roman Empire, a state which began in roughly 27 BC and had lasted nearly 1500 years. Among many modern historians, the fall of Constantinople is considered the end of the medieval period.[15][16] The city's fall also stood as a turning point in military history. Since ancient times, cities and castles had depended upon ramparts and walls to repel invaders. The Walls of Constantinople, especially the Theodosian Walls, were some of the most advanced defensive systems in the world at the time. These fortifications were overcome with the use of gunpowder, specifically in the form of large cannons and bombards, heralding a change in siege warfare.
#fallofrome #romanhistory #romanempire
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Great video,,,I watched ARCHAIX Doomsday countdown 2040&2046...by far,,,THE MOST welcome ARCANA in a while ...the Mayan long count,,,the moment a year changed from 360 days to 365.25,,,and his calculation on the future Earth changes in 2040&2046.
There is an orb in the sky,presently,,,MrMBB333,his interview with a mother ,who witnessed the orb in the sky for about 40 mins.This object remains here for 60 years,,,I thought about the Egyptian equivalent - my take...👁️ of Horus.Archaix talks about the various races and the time of arrival,,,using the timelines together.
Professor Watts is a brilliant speaker. Excited to dig into his channel and hope you two have more discussions in the future, Neal. This was enlightening.
1200s was the end
Amazing interview Neal. This is sure to be a hit video for you. Thank you for all the dedication to excellent content ✌️💚🍀
I remember, back when TLC was actually The Learning Channel and had quality programming, a show called Connections. The narrator, James Burke I think, made the case that the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans contributed to the European Renaissance. As people fled, they took with them books and manuscripts which hadn't been seen most Western Europeans for centuries and these led to a reawakening of learning and science in Itally
Great interview!!
When you dont directly attack Christianity and stick to real historical analysis, you make great content.
The Pontificus Maximus seems to rule in Rome and administers a world divided into administrative units call Dioceses. The Roman state is no longer a republic or an empire (be that polytheistic or monotheistic). It is transnational and truly global. Just to be clear I am not a Catholic (I am an atheist).
Dang Neal. You started at 6:30 in the morning! I've got lots of questions. Gotta click that notification button.
Haha
What a great discussion! This was so interesting and informative. The images that you used in this video are absolutely beautiful. You put out such great videos, Neal! Awesome job!
I took a college course on the crusades. I originally wanted to write a paper about the classic Christian Muslim fights but when I heard about the hilarity of the fourth crusade, I had to study that more
The destruction the artwork of Constantinople was one of the greatest artistic tragedies in history!
Thanks Neal for this insight. I was aware of some of this but not in depth. Opens new questions in my mind. Like what was the difference between aryian xtian and catholic creed. Thanks for expanding my knowledge.
😮
Hello from Romania. The Daco-Getae moved Rome here.
The last great wave of Germanic invaders of Italy,the Lombards, were Arians as well until converted to Catholicism -queen Theodolinda was one of the rulers responsible for this conversion.
Amazing so much revealing history.
Brilliant research
How can a discussion like this be held on a channel called The Gnostic Informant without reference to THE EMPIRE NEVER DIED - PKD
Awsome content
Nice
This was a really good show
That was a fantastic walk through.
I have a feeling the gothic culture got started around at the black sea and in Romania Especially with vlad the impaler even though That would be considered vampire culture
This was incredible stuff
great show!
If argue that the Roman Empire fell in 1917 when Tsar Nicholas II abdicated. The reason being is that he was the last person alive who had a legitimate claim to Byzantium and Byzantium was the only Empire who had a legitimate and unbroken continuity with Rome proper. Unbroken is the key word
But I accept all the other "Romes" as legitimate offshoots of the original Rome. Rome proper had many breakaway states, and as such it would reinvent itself to stay alive and that ended with the Russian Empire
Since 1917 there hasn't been any state which can claim a continuity with Rome proper, and there hasn't even been a state which has successfully reestablished itself as the reviver of Rome. (Mussolini tried but failed so I don't count him)
Great stuff good job
I thought it was 538 ad when papal Rome took over pagan Rome
Anastasia Romanov (not the one killed in 1917), was a descendant (granddaughter I believe, but direct blood descendant) of Constantine XI. This is why Ivan III (The Great, not Ivan IV the Terrible), married her and declared Russia the Third Rome in, I believe (from memory) 1479.
Why is that guy climbing up on that statue to knock it over naked?
This is fantastic stuff! So glad I subbed. Fascinating.
{:o:O:}
Approaching target.
One thing IS constant and that's polis... (giggles)
Lucky, I missed this livestream since I did not get mt big college aid check yet and am a graduate student in history. Also, notice my last name, I would have spent all my utility bill money on super chats on this. I would have gone in like a gambling addict would dive into gambling if pushed with a parachute out of a plane over Las Vegas,
This is from Cambridge university Press information they have online The original Goths were a Germanic people who played a crucial role in the fall of the Roman Empire and the rise of medieval Europe. In 410, a Gothic army led by Alaric sacked the imperial city of Rome, and at the end of the fifth century kingdoms ruled by Visigoths and Ostrogoths dominated much of the post-Roman West. The last Gothic kingdom disappeared more than a thousand years ago, when Visigothic Spain fell to the Muslim Arabs in 711, yet the Gothic legacy endured. The Renaissance depiction of the Goths as destructive barbarians was balanced by the Reformation’s respect for Gothic vigour and freedom, which gathered momentum in Germany and England and inspired the cultural revival from which the modern Gothic emerged. This chapter provides an introduction to the Goths of history, from their legendary origins to the downfall of Visigothic Spain, for only against that historical background, it claims, can we understand the attraction of the Gothic from the seventeenth century to the present day.
The Roman Senate, Roman senate, I will repeat again Roman Senate had much more power under Odoacer and even more under Theodoric (two Germanic tribal leaders) than they did before Odoacer supposedly overthought the western Roman Empire on 24, August 476 AD.
I'm surprised that in 1453 the Ottoman Sultan called himself Emperor of Rome, rather than Byzantium, or Constantinople.
{:o:O:}
Whoa
pretty sure I recognize some of those visuals from kings and generals
Hun😮
Battle of Actium
Roma
The Nicaean Empire consisted of Greek speaking Roman citizens and therefore had more legitimacy than the Latin Empire as an intermediary step between the Roman Empire falling in 1204 and its resurrection 61 years later.
Thoughts on Latins?
Romans are a ethnic group, at least in the west. Sometimes called Latins, they speak Latin based languages like French, Spanish, Italian, and such. The protestant reformation happened entirely in the germanic countries that were outside of the footprint of Rome. Even today in Europe, the catholic-protestant divide is primarily ethnic, with protestants all speaking germanic languages like flemish and Dutch, and catholics speaking French and burgundian and so on. Americans are weird being raised catholic, then becoming evangelical, then cooling off and becoming Episcopalian is not like this elsewhere. Religion is mostly ethnic. Romans don't have an empire anymore, but are still a people, and are somewhat barbarous; being into bullfighting and other abuse of animals, and being macho and misogynist, but supposedly making up for it by admiring an idealized virgin-mother (?!).
The reason why Americans are that way, though, is because they are a nation without a "built in" identity. They are a convergence of several identities all mishmashed together over 200 years. The Odin character in Neil Gaiman's American Gods has an excellent speech about this in the book. America is a nation without an identity. So all the immigrants just brought their identities (and gods) over.
It's a rather brilliant book, btw. Really goes into the nature of belief, despite its supernatural storytelling
Hello great video but could you change yoyr thumbnail . Eastwrn roman empire fell the year 1453 and not 1543 as you very well know. I am aware its a trick for people .to click on the video. Or maybe you are implying the empire fell not with the occupation of Constantinupol but with the fall of the despotate of Trapezounta and Moria and so on.
It IS a trick! I NEVER would have clicked on the video otherwise!! (Come on, now 🙄)
@@sharon_rose724 Its common practice nothing wrong about it . Just frustrating.
typo
Amazing content