Eightfold Way (in Particle physics) | Why Quarks?
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- čas přidán 18. 05. 2020
- There are hundred of Hadron particles out there. So one question that can be asked is that, are all these particles fundamental or are they made of of some other fundamental particles? In this regard, Murray Gell-Mann and Yuval Ne'eman independently suggested a method of organizing these hadron particles into charts or geometrical patterns based on same spin but different charge and different strangeness. This is known as the Eightfold Way (the name being inspired by the Eightfold path in Buddhism). The Eightfold Way is an organizational scheme of arranging these hadron particles into charts, some of which are -
1) Baryon Octet, consisting of the eight lightest baryons of spin 1/2
2) Meson Nonet, consisting of nine meson particles of spin 0
3) Baryon Decuplet, consisting of ten baryon particles of spin 3/2
and many more. All these suggested that the hadrons are infact made of of something more fundamental.
The Eightfold Way led to the Quark model, which created a new era in particle physics. It suggested that all baryons are made of up a combination of three quarks, while mesons are made up of quark-antiquark pair. Each hadron particle and its properties can now be explained by the individual properties of the quarks that constitute them (the up quark, the down quark, the strange quark)
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▱▱▱▱▱ Elementary Particle Physics ▱▱▱▱▱
1. Four Fundamental Forces
▶ • Four Fundamental Force...
2. What are Antiparticles?
▶ • What are Antiparticles...
3. What are Neutrinos?
▶ • What are Neutrinos? (N...
4. Neutrino Oscillations
▶ • The Mystery of Neutrin...
5. Parity Violation in Beta Decay
▶ • Parity Violation in Be...
6. What are Leptons?
▶ • What are Leptons? (Cla...
7. What are Hadrons?
▶ • What are Hadrons? (Cla...
8. Lepton, Baryon, Strangeness Number
▶ • Lepton, Baryon, Strang...
9. Eightfold Way (in Particle physics)
▶ • Eightfold Way (in Part...
10. What are Quarks?
▶ • What are Quarks? ( Qua...
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▶ • Elementary Particle Ph...
What are Quarks?
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The Super Entity is the conscience Galaxy.
The Galaxy is alive & manifest physicAl as a multidimensionAl Super Body.
Conservation of Spatial Curvature (both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature)
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together.
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String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension?
What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)
The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.
Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.
Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change.
Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
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Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. We know there is an unequal distribution of electrical charge within each atom because the positive charge is concentrated within the nucleus, even though the overall electrical charge of the atom is balanced by equal positive and negative charge.
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In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
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How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
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Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?
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I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. The model grew out of that simple idea.
I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.
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I'm a Japanese student and study elementary particle physics.
This is very interesting video that l've watched so far. Thank you.
The start was hilarious 😂
Which book was sir carrying
😂
😂
@@shehnaz9394quantum mechanics by Zettillie
Not that other videos on this topic are bad, but I love your production quality, and your delivery. Also the start was very funny. Thanks!
Omg sir🤣🤣 I was actually thinking of it as a video on Buddhism🙏🙏🙏
Great video as always 🙏🙏thankyou so much sir 🙏👌👍
Sir please make a video on SU(2) and SU(3) group concept associated with this topic
Loved that I searched something and my old professor shows up in the top videos!!
Really very superb sir. I tried to know about the quarks, I couldn't understand. But today I have cleared known all the things. Very very thank you sir. Salute you
Your mode of imparting knowledge is excellent
Dear Sir, your presentation is very nice. But I want to add a few things about it:
1. At 5.13, you mentioned the eightfold way came from the eight baryons. But the fact is that, in SU(3) symmetry, we have 3*3=9-1=8 generators. That is why the eightfold way comes.
2. The particles are not arranged in a geometrical manner, but whenever we put them in Y (hypercharge)-I3 (Isospin 3rd component) weight diagram according to their Y and I3 values the geometrical shape automatically evolves.
3. Quarks were proposed because, in search of the fundamental 3 generators of SU(3) symmetry, it was needed to conceptualise three such particles which can generate the other particles.
Correct, the Y vs. I_3, i.e. Hypercharge vs Isospin method is definitely more intuitive.
Btw, for anyone interested,
Y (x-axis) = Baryon Number + Strangeness Number
I_3 (y-axis) = Q - Y/2
@@DC-zi6se Has it been shown (eg by exhaustion) that there is no better or more compact way of generating these symmetries than the quark hypothesis?
The starting concept was tremendous!!! Aims to cover all your videos.
Just 1 request would you plz make a series lectures on statistical mechanics.
Brilliantly explanation of complex ideas, and uses visual aids effectively. Thanks for making this helpful video.
Your lectures are awesome and very interactive..also understands well.. thankful for these fantastic lectures..
Thank you for your very clear explanation and diagrams. Well done!
Start of your video is interesting and I also like your way of explaining things. Things become more and more easy for me. You are just amazing sir. keep it up sir with the blessings of God
kasher koor ?
Sir I request you to talk about role of SU2 and SU3 matrices in particle physics.And bound states of quarks or quarkonium.
Yes me too
Yes
yeah. I too would be delighted have a video about it
Yes, I'm also in.... I also want to know about SU(2) and SU(3) groups and how they are used for fundamental interaction and fundamental paricles' classification.
Yes.....i hope sir will help us.
Great work Sir. Thank you very much. your videos are very much appreciated.
Sir, a sincere Thank you for providing us with the best and highest quality content on physics 🙏..
Please keep making similar amazing videos.😊
wonderfull sir...
You are amazing...
This course is helping me alot to understand the particle physics course of bsc..
Thank you sir..
Best approach for understanding❤
Thanks @For the Love of Physics, explained it very clearly, and funny!
Dear Das Sir your videos have made nuclear physics very easy...♥♥
your explanation is just beyond ordinary. Watching you from Nepal.
Best explanations of every topics..👍👌👌
yours new starting way is fabulous
Thanks sir please keep on in good frequency🙏
Great Explanation Sir.
You are an Inspiration, Thank you so much Sir
Note: Sir it would be better if you would provide an i link to your referred video
Thank you.. Very much helpful
Thanks you very much sir your are the best lots of love and care I totally impress your teaching
Very helpful video sir 😊
omg at first i genuinely thought you were going to combine buddhism with particle physics in a metaphorical way or something, i was so ready for it lolol
Thanks for this video sir...
Super explanation
Superb lecture 👌
Nice deserve more subscriber
Very nice explanation Sir.🙂🌸
Super sir...I was too late to watch this video. Sir, can we make a table of elementary particles like periodic table?
thank you so much
Well explained
Nice explanation
Excellent 👍
Superb sir
Can you recommend any book/article from which we can study this "Eightfold way"??
Thank you 👍
Brilliant opening
Thank you sir 😊
Periodic table analogy is great
hi, sir ,can you give me hints about effective potential chemical potential and contact potential?
Thank you sir
Well Explained😎
The intro 😂
Great video
Excelent!
You are just awesome
V.good.clear idea
Sir please suggest book for particle physics
Sir can u make a lecture on BCS theory pls. I have a iit interview on july.
Sir can you make a video, how you make videos like you for teaching.
Thanks for the presentation that was easy to understand. Are all the Hadrons shown (in the groups of 8, 9 and 10) unstable - other than a proton? How can a quark / anti-quark pair exist?
Proton is the most stable hadron. Rest all have varying lifetimes, from 14mins of a free neutron to 10^-24 s for resonance particles.
Quark-antiquark having different flavour exist for ~microseconds, while quark-antiquark for similar flavour annihilate as soon as they are formed with life of around 10^-17s
Sir can you please tell about the best book regarding particle physics.
sir please make complete lecture series on quantum physics
Nice sir
Sir please can u uploading some video based on unitary symmtery SU (2),SU(3),concept of I-spin,u-spin,v-spin please sir
Respected sir, I really want to know about SU(2) and SU(3) groups and how they are used for fundamental interaction and fundamental paricles' classification. Can you please make a video on that or give me any suggestions about any books to read about it.
Me also same problem
What type of detectors are used to detect these particles??
Vaah Guruji mauj krdi... 😝😝
Sir please say which book you use
Loved it starting😂
Explanation was very clear . Nabanita Paul .Ex _lecturer Physics.
Sir please give a vedio on RAMAN effect.
Do you use Griffiths particle physics
Interesting
Sir can I get your lecture ppt or pdf
Finally....😊😊
सर हिन्दी में क्वांटम भौतिकी के लिए सबसे अच्छी किताब कौनसी है? [हिन्दी]please
Thank you so much sir.. 🙏 you are great from pak 🇵🇰🇵🇰
@17:45 should Sigma+ be uus and not uud (same as p)?
Yes, you are right. No s in the top-row, one s in the middle row and two s in bottom row
Sir, Does their exsist any particle with +2 or -2 charge? 🙏
delta ++. it's uuu.
OMG 😂 starting was awesome 😂😂
Ah, that's (when) we see edges in our instruct. That's beyond con-struck. Then T's and S's. See how the duo fit? Alike tree and snake.
Ab to sir apna sa ho gya he aapke sath 😅😁❤️
Please Sir nuclear physics
Ke liye reference book bataiye
Sir please suggest a book for me on Elementary Particle Physics
David J Griffith's book is good
It is appalling that no mention is made of scattering experiments that suggests 1/3 electron charge is present in atom nuclei.
Aaj patta chala ki, "I ll talk of this in some other video" is takiya-kalam..😄
at 11:02 lambda(0) should have strangeness number be -1? as it is uds
That's a delta particle (udd)
@@FortheLoveofPhysics Thanks sir
Are you a theoretical physicist or experimental physicist?
That is Zettili's book of QM at 00:42?
Yup
Sir, which book it was??
QM, Zettili
Sir are you from Assam??
after watching him for so long time I started having a crush on him.
😅
❤️
5:55
The guys who disliked this video they don't understand particle physics.
Yes🤣🤣👍👍
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 great sense of humor sir ❤️
Thanku :)
Please prove the pdf notes as well
❣️❣️❣️❣️❣️❣️
Sir you became very active and cute
🇮🇳🇮🇳
why are people having a hard time accepting fractional charges? It just means the charge of an electron is not fundamental. In units of down quark charge, a down quark is -1, an up quark is +2 and an electron is -3. See? No fractions
Mast acting vhai😎
Aree 😅
@@FortheLoveofPhysics Hain vhai mast😎
Thanks 😇