Can This SOLID GLASS BALL Survive a 45m Drop?
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The beautiful coney-joney was first discussed by Hertz back in 1881 and has henceforth become known as Hertzian cone cracks. They typically occur when a hard spherical object is pressed into the surface of a brittle material. In this case, the sphere itself is made of a brittle material (glass) and is "pressed" into the steel plate when it impacts, but the same effect is present. The cone-shape is caused by the propagation of a crack. The crack begins its life as a ring just outside of the region that's in contact with the plate, where the tensile stresses (the kind that pull a crack open) are at their highest. The crack generally then grows orthogonally away from the surface for a short distance before turning and heading away at a coney-joney angle. The path followed is one that maximizes the release of stored strain energy (the same sort of energy that is stored when you pull back a rubber band). The maximal strain energy releasing path is ultimately guided by the local magnitude of the stress fields (similar in concept to the gradient of the pressure levels in the glass upon impact) near the leading edge of the crack. All in all, for spherical contact such as this, the stress fields basically say to the crack, go be a cone, it's the best release. Source: PhD in this area
My guy can u teach me all know
I would expect also that the wave pattern on the cone may be related to the internal stresses placed on the glass while it cools, right?
O_0
Thus answering the age old question: there IS a doctor in the house! Thanks for sharing your knowledge!
give me your knowledge
It’s called a “conchoidal fracturing”, and occurs in glass and glass like rocks. It’s one of the key indicators archaeologists use to identify stone tools and tool scraps. When the force of the strike moves through the glass, depending on the angle and force, the fracture absorbs much of the force (you can see that in the ripples left on the new surface of the glass) allowing for precise shaping. Basically, glass + force = conchoidal fracture.
Fascinating
Up
It's interesting how the fracturing just dissipates the energy.
Is this Copy and paste or is this person a genius
Yes. Essentially, because glass is a very dense liquid, and can not be condensed further the point of impact remains close to intact. The force wave projects in a cone from the point of impact in a cone shape and shears (sort of) the glass away.
The secret to these glass balls is that there is no grain like tat in rocks or wood. The balls are also annealed in a way as to temper them so they won't fracture. That is why you got that cone effect when they hit the plate!
This is arguably the most scientific one of you guys' videos has been, observing the state of the dropped glass being so similar every time. The Coney-Joney effect is very fascinating, and I bet this video could be used as a scientific case study on it.
Coney Joney: Solids are much weaker under tensional stresses than compressional stresses. Due to the amorphous structure of glass, it is very strong under compressional stresses and so will only break in the places of high tensional stress. This tensional stress occurs in a cone radiating from the small point of contact and is due to the rapid deceleration of the ball. The top and middle of the ball remains in compression so does not fracture at all.
Edit: In addition, as other comments have said, the ripple effect on the surface is called conchoidal fracturing, and this occurs in materials with no crystalline structure. It is the result of the way the shockwave and hence the tensile stress is transferred through the ball. It is the same process by which flint tools were made back in the day.
Like an egg is stronger if you put pressure on the top and bottom
Thank you
Nice.
So basically the mass above where the impact point is is supported by the impact point, but all around that is this huge amount of overhanging mass which wants to keep moving so shears off?
Edit: I should change "sheers off" to "gets blown up".
@@maulerrw as far as I understood it, yeah. It makes sense, the very point of impact strays strong, but the stuff around and above it have nothing to "collide" to, so it tries to continue going downward.
There' also something interesting and it's that the ones from the very top are almost concentric, while the ones from lower are kind of off to the side? I think that's because they threw it forward so it would hit the plate
I think the cone thing is happening because glass is strong in compression, weaker in tension - the point that hits the surface is experiencing compression forces - the parts to the side of it are overhanging the point of contact and because they want to continue moving downwards (Newton's first), these parts are under tension with respect to the part in contact with the surface, so they tear off - this is really clear to see in the slow-mo for the first drop of the small sphere
Also, they exhibit conchoidal fractures because the glass has no crystal structure with planes of weakness along which to break.
Love your channel bro
Wow your smart aren’t ya. (Not an insult btw eh)
Your brain is Thicc and wrinkly.
Something something something compression. Something something something conchoidal.
Snore
I think Rexy’s been through a lot and now he deserves a relaxing day at the spa
If you look at the shape of the bowling ball from a similar angle you can see the same cone-like shape. It's just that the bowling ball only has a few thicker layers, instead of the glass with all the thinner layers.
It all comes down to “hardness” vs “toughness”. Glass is an extremely hard structure which also makes it extremely brittle (hard but not tough). When something that hard has significant force applied, the glass wants to break but chooses the path of least resistance (to expend the energy applied). Because it’s a sphere and tensile strength is evenly dispersed, the path of least resistance is outward, not through. The only reason it doesn’t come out in a perfect cone is due to inconsistencies in the glass “grain structure”/shape.
😂😂😂
Nice
science with Jeff
So theoretically if it were perfectly made it would break off in a perfect cone shape?
Pubg God69 thank you. Lol and to think, I don’t even have a college degree
4:10, for those of you who are interested, that kind of crack is called a Conchoidal fracture (Con-coy-doll spelled phonetically). It means the overall shape of the fracture is cone like in nature, where the “positive” cone is popped out of the other side of the medium from the site of impact, and the surface that is impacted (be it by projectile, or tool) is the smaller end of the “cone.”
Also, the scientific reason for this phenomenon, is (as most high silicate solids are) Glass is an amorphous solid. So, there is no set, and repetitive “path of failure” (usually following the boundaries of the crystalline structure of a medium) in the material, and therefore, the force gets distributed, and absorbed nearly evenly, resulting in conical fractures, and an easily identifiable point of impact.
Since there is no repeating crystalline structure, there is no “stress accumulators” in the material. no sharp angles, no well defined crystalline boundaries, and therefore no where for the stress to accumulate, resulting in the failure of the entire crystal, rather than in between the crystals.
As a side note, this can creat edges sharper than a razor. (I learned this the hard way, when I picked up the primitive art of Flint Knapping)
P.s. I don’t really care about getting pinned, I just enjoy needing out about stuff like that (as you may be able to tell).
Well you definitely learned the hard way.
Hertzian cone
Conchoidal literally means seashell shaped, which is accurate
Without googling and reading about it, I dont know if this is right or not. However, it sounds pretty smart and has tons of detail so even if wrong you win.
The glass is strong against compression, like concrete.And the point where it impacts the metal plate is the one where the stress is purely compression, that explains the point. The parts that fall off shattered from the ball due to the shearing forces applied on impact, since there were nowhere for the energy to flow easily. The parts that stayed were mostly being supported by that one point in the cone.
The waves are probably a result of the manufacturing process, since the small glass ball has less waves and has probably been made in less layers.
One easy way to understand how strong glass is against compression is trying to brake a piece of small glass by pinching it between your thumb and index. Unless you have the glass bending, it will probably not brake.
nerd
I love the interactions in these. No cursing, no horrible pranks against each other, but still VERY entertaining. Good on ya, fellows! I hope you filled up on KFC after all this
They literally said the c word at like 12:27 lol
@@yngbar64 coney joney?
What's wrong with cursing? Those, too, are just words.
Besides, how is Brett saying "ahhh, flip" any better than saying "ahhh, fuck"? You know what he means, so does that REALLY make it any better?
@@yngbar64 Thought he said "punk" but even if he said cunt, it doesn't have the same usage in Australia as North America.
The "Coney-Joney" is created on the plane of maximum tensile stress. Glass is a very hard material with high yield (strength) for compressive and shears stresses, but is much weaker in tension. This is why the impact point, being under compression, survives. In a material, tensile, compressive, and shear stress exists simotaneously in different directions. The maximum tension occurs because of the inertia of the material outside of cone pulling down. While the material inside the cone is more effectively stopped by the impact. this is a result of the load propagating within the solid angle of the cone commonly called a frustrum. The waves are probably due to a change in fracture phase. Entering fast-fracture phase results in an unstable (wavy fracture).
This is my understanding based on structural mechanics. Hope it helps.
Yup, I concur!
That’s exactly what I was totally about to say!
Nop
Wonderful explanation
I think you cracked it
The glass spheres’ unusual breaking effect is called concoidal fracturing (credit to ttv_aussieloverkangaroo for the clarification) due to the distribution of force as it hits the steel plate.
Read #1 for info on the cracking of this glass, read #2 for info on why your shirts were burning.
#1 Glass of this type is of an inorganic silica compound, and is uncompressable. The force has no place to be released, so, consequently, the force pushes the sides of the glass sphere out in a shearing motion. This is called shear loading. Directly on the point of contact, the glass stays almost completely intact, as it is being pushed w/ extreme force, that is then diverted downwards, and outwards creating the cone effect.
These glass spheres might’ve been made similar to how a Prince Rupert’s Drop acts. A Prince Rupert’s Drop is basically a tear drop of molten glass dropped into cold water, creating a piece of glass where the outside is instantaneously cooled, but the inside is still hot, resulting in a force that pulls inwards towards the center of the glass drop. The drop is extremely hard, but if nicked at the tip, can shatter in milliseconds (watch SmarterEveryDay’s video that better explains it here - m.czcams.com/video/xe-f4gokRBs/video.html)
The Prince Rupert’s Drop style effect COULD explain why the sphere is so hard; when it was cooled, the inner glass of the sphere cooled more slowly, creating a force that pulls inwards towards the center if each ball. This makes it extremely strong, and creates the cone effect. The reason that a pattern seems to emerge where the cone’s shape is almost identical dropped from 10 meters and 45 meters is that, as I said earlier, the glass is uncompressable, and the maximum exerted force was not yet achieved. This might be possible if the spheres is dropped from a much greater height onto a material that would not absorb a lot of force (the plate in the video absorbs a lot of force because of its wobbling, and the sand further absorbs the shock) such as a mangalloy plate fused to concrete, as the plate wouldn’t be able to move, and acts as an almost immovable object.
I’m led to believe that if the glass spheres succumb to the force and eventually are smashed against something with enough force, they will either crack into multiple large chunks, OR shatter into different shapes, where the closer to the point of impact, the smaller the pieces.
#2 My hypothesis on why the spheres built up such a strong magnification of the sun so quickly is just the nature of the ball. In you cut it in half, and aligned the cut side parallel to the sun, you’ll see that the side closer to the sun is shaped like a concave lens, and as the rays hit the ball, the energy and light is dispersed. When it reaches the other side of the ball, it meets a convex lens, which concentrates the rays of light. It’s basically an extremely efficient magnifying glass.
More technical info on Hertzian Cone Cracking- royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2014.0135
Concoidal fracturing in other circumstance- www.sandatlas.org/conchoidal-fracture/
Feel free to blast me in the comments of my comment. I understand not everyone will agree with me/believe this is self-research and not plagiarism. But I really don’t care.
JESUS
You dint want to do too much
Yep,'bout right 😁
So basically glass spehres would make awesome cannon balls because of the coney-joneys
Smart man, thanks for the info!
Just incase anyone was wondering, I know I'm months late on this video. But it fragments like that because it's a sphere hit a concave object being the metal plate. So only the the one side on impact that connects takes the blunt force of impact creating the fragment shap. If the force isn't high enough due to the diameter of said object then the entire thing won't be effected.
thats called a Conchoidal fracture. A Conchoidal fracture is a smoothly curving fracture surface of fine-grained materials which have no planar surfaces of internal weakness or planes of separation (no cleavage). Such a curving fracture surface is characteristic of glass and other brittle materials with no crystal structure. its the principle behind flintknapping.
And obsidian?
No cleavage? Sad day... :(
sandatlas.org
Makes the shape because when it hits, the most damage is not at the contact point because the most damage is the aftershock as the shock ripples throughout the rest of the sphere as it bounces up......right?
i feel like this must be made up... doesnt make any sense...
4:00 First Drop(?)
4:55 Second drop
6:13 Third drop
6:35 (it's called a conchoidal fracture)
8:48 Forth drop
10:08 Fifth drop
11:12 Sixth drop
12:50 Seventh drop
14:45 Eighth drop
15:49 Ninth drop
My guy🙌
Thank you so much for this. These guys are such bad offenders for dragging on a video with only 2 minutes of content and the rest is just talking no one cares about
Thanks Dear, These Guys Should've Used Time Sequence In Videos
We all appreciate you
Mike H Really??? I fast forward most of the drops and watch the rest. I’m here for the humor, not the drops...
Love how they are still doing dropping stuff from high place, it’s a classic for the ages
there's a reason why crystal ball sellers give the warning of "when you're not home cover the crystal ball", not because of some mystic ideas or paranoia, but because the light hitting it through a window would set your house on fire
David Attenborough in the bushes: here we see three Australian males in their natural habitat dropping objects from a great distance in the name of science. While many people don’t understand their dialect they watch for enjoyment. Today we see them drop glass balls from this great height. They celebrate the achievement by screaming that it has a coney joney. This is a self dubbed name as it is unknown what the name of the real effect is. On closer inspection they discover that by some pure miracle the impact point is unaffected and their celebrations grow larger. The effect is most likely created due to how the builder constructed the ball. Upon closer inspection you can see how the ball has fractured in layers. Unbeknownst to these males they ask there large worldwide following to explain it to them. The public then responds by giving their best explanation below in the comments section as it is referred to in hopes of recognition. I have been studying all sorts of different animals in the past, but this one just straight up confuses me.
When you can write a comment better than you can write an essay...
𝙾𝚑 𝚠𝚘𝚠
@@tasgaming5574 Lol I know right 😂
I didn't read it but it helped me understand absolutely nothing
u confuse me
Lots of people have said that the cone shape is caused by conchoidal fracture, and tried to define it, but no one seems to have explained WHY conchoidal fracture exists. I have a degree in geology, but I'm less clear on the physics, so while I think this is right, a physicist might be able to clear up my hazy spots.
Basically, glass (and rocks like obsidian) are formed by the very rapid cooling of a liquid. In obisidian's case, molten lava, and in glass' case, melted down sand. Because the liquids cool so fast (by going from volcano to cool air for obsidian and by being quenched in water for glass), the minerals in them do not have time to arrange themselves into large individual crystals. Instead, they form microscopic crystals that slot together so perfectly that they are like one big one. This is what makes it simultaneously so strong in terms of compression and yet so weak in terms of shearing. You could say there are no natural weak-points between crystals for an impact to break along, or that the space between every minute crystal is just as likely to break as the next. So instead of shattering wildly the structure breaks in exactly the way that it distributes the force. Naturally, any impact causes energy to radiate out in circular waves from the point of contact, so the glass fractures along these waves. They look like ripples in water, because that is pretty much what they are - ripples of energy that caused the tiny particles to shear far enough apart that they separated from one another.
In the case of the spheres however, the waves of energy bounce around inside the sphere itself, causing many of these waves to be sent flying around in all directions (which you can actually see as reverberations in the slowmo). As they collide with each other, some cancel each other out and some magnify each other, depending on how they meet. The cone shape is caused by the waves radiating out around the surface of the sphere, and then meeting again at the same point. The glass at the exact impact point is still compressed, so instead of breaking there, the waves bounce off of each other again, at an angle roughly 45 degrees to the plane of the surface. This forms the characteristic cone. When the sides of the cone reach the surface of the glass again, the waves release their energy through the path of least resistance, which is up through the surface of the sphere, shattering everything below that point andoutside the 45 degree plane, leaving behind the cone.
tl;dr - the structure of the glass allows it to propagate the waves of energy from the impact very well. The cone is caused by these bouncing off of each other and the surface.
Extra fact: because the crystals are so tiny, there is no roughness to blunt an edge where two fractures meet, and thus they form an almost molecule-perfect edge. This is why obsidian and glass are so incredibly sharp when they break.
I dont know much about physics but that seems legit
Thank you for this! I am taking a geology course, and was able to recognize it as a Conchoidal fracture, but I didn't know the mechanisms behind it other that it happened in minerals/substances that cooled quickly.
Well ok then... None of that made any sense to a 7th grader, but cool!
What he said
you need a tl:dr for this but this should be the winner
That was such a beautiful, specific Parks & Recreation reference. Shout out to the greatest board game ever created during a massive depressive episode.
Watching the glass ball falling in slow motion reminds me of a drop of rain falling from a storm cloud.
I learned a thing or 2 from SmarterEveryDay. When he shot a 9mm bullet toward acrylic. The middle was not fractured at all, but the area around it was shattered. He called it frustum. It is where stress is not transferred through an object like a cylinder but it is transferred through a pressure cone. Thank you SmarterEveryDay for making me smarter. #smartereveryday
That's exactly what I was thinking of when I saw this! @smartereveryday
I think that this is part of the answer, but the ridges inside the break are caused by the way a glass sphere is made, with multiple gatherings of molten glass forming concentric shells where the interface between the shells is slightly weaker.
@@shotgunosine that would be the other part.
I can't say I'm an expert in coney-joneology but I believe it's caused by the way glass compresses. Glass is a strong, but brittle material, meaning it can withstand a lot of force but breaks quickly (compared to metals, which bend and deform). When it hits the plate, the point of impact gets squished in, and the glass around it has to follow due to the strong bonds. But because the compression strength (squishing ability) is stronger than the tensile strength (stretching ability) the area around the point of impact can't handle the stress of stretching, and shatters. The ring around the point of impact is what makes it look like a cone.
Hope this helps explain things simply!
Your coney-joneology degree is in the mail lol.
What your seeing is an actaul representation of whats called a shatter cone.. only its in reverse.
In nature they are found where meteorites impact hard rock layers.
In the video the steel plate would be the meteorite and the glass ball would be the hard rock.
The waves we see are impact lines that originate in the direction of impact..
Personally, I think what you say is half right. When a force is acting on an object, the energy is radiating through the object. So depending on the shape, the force radiates differently. The point of impact from the glass ball doesn't shatter because the force is going straight through the ball. And because the shape of the object is a ball, forces are going in all direction. Like you say, glass is brittle. so when that force goes through a section of the glass ball that is not thick enough, it cracks, hence the conical shape
I’ve been doing CZcams for about 3 years now and I don’t even have 200 subscribers any ideas on how I could get more subscribers
The tip of the cone is when the sphere lands. All the material is in compression. The slope of the cone is because when the ball stops, the surrounding material undergoes tension because there isn’t support by more material and the ground. So when the tension gets to high for the ball because the ball stopped to quickly, the larger amount of material breaks away, causing the cone
world of gaming you had uploaded 1 video in 2 months be more frequent
The fact it doesn't shatter raises the question,how far must it fall to completely explode =0
5:55 Given the brittleness is from an incredibly rigid lattice, I'd expect there's close to 0 elastic deformation in it. I am sure that all energy that didn't go into splitting it went into deforming the steel which acted like a leaf spring, providing an apparent bounce.
🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓🤓
@@skeletonjam Best emoji that exists my dude 🤓 git nerdy or git rekt.
@@GRAYgauss did you comment the original thing as a joke or serious
@@skeletonjam What? What would I be joking about?
@@GRAYgauss Ma waif
The light being focused so clearly through the shards of broken glass at 8:09 is one of the raddest things I've ever seen on this channel. How good.
Peewiot!
Cobus wow a fellow percussionist (( possibly)) lol
It’s like glitter, but painful
I was searching for this com hehe
czcams.com/video/PYZtH3dFFnY/video.html
They should definitely drop the hulk fist on one of the glass orbs.
Hi. =)
Nah, that would be a big mess they would have to clean up and children go there.
That's stupid
I dont know if you know this but shards of glass are dangerous
@@seanandrews4916 you cant get hit if u stand far away tho
Glass forms in layers. When the end result is a sphere, there are multiple spheres below (inside). The strongest part, is the thickest (minimal damage). A few layers “ slough” off from the kinetic energy, but only off of the bottom. The layers on top, have support below them. All just a guess
Did some quick maths on the biggest ball drop using your figures of 40m and 40kg drop to work out the final energy output of the heaviest glass ball when it collided. assuming the energy wastage is minimal, it produced about 15 and a half kilojoules of energy, which (if it were in the form of electrical energy) would be enough to power an LED lightbulb for almost half an hour!
In case anyone was wondering, the 40kg glass ball:
Falls for 3.03 seconds
Reaches a speed of 106 km/h before impact
Hit the steel plate with a force of 392.266 N (88.1849 lbf)
EDIT: Thank you to MechanicalMind7. The force listed above is just the average impact force. The peak impact force (the one you'd feel if hit in the head) is actually close to 1,765.17 kN or 396826 lbf, assuming the steel plate had a 2 cm give.
Could've just use project motion and gravity. 9.8m² X 40kg = same
In case anyone was wondering, how to calculate all this. I'll give you some formulas.
Potential Energy (of ball in this case) =(mass) x (acceleration due to gravity) x (height at which it is present)= 40 x 10 x 45 = 18000
Potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy and kinetic energy just the instant before it hits ground is equal to potential energy (energy is always conserved).
Kinetic Energy= potential energy
1/2 x (mass) x (velocity)² = 18000( P.E. substituted from above)
Hence, Velocity will come out to be 30m/s or (30 x 3.6)km/hr.
Put it in equation, (final velocity)= (initial velocity) + (acceleration) x (time). Here initial velocity is 0 as it is still I'm the hands of them and final is 30 and acceleration is 10(acceleration due to gravity) and by putting all this time comes out to be 3 sec. So time of fall is 3 sec.
The force of impact is actually a function of the change in momentum over the time of the impact. You would need to know the time interval over which the ball went from impact velocity to stopped, which you might be able to estimate from the slow-mo footage. The 392N or 88lbf values you cited are just the weight of the static 40kg glass ball. I guarantee the impact force is several times that amount. For example, you could rest the ball on your body without it hurting too much (although it would be quite heavy), but you wouldn't want to stand beneath it after falling 45m ;)
@@MechanicalMind7 After taking this into account, I have recalculated and found that the 392.266 N is the Average Impact force. The peak impact force is around 705.082 N or 158.734 lbf.
@@matthewsheldon3225 I'm not quire sure where you're getting those numbers from. The recalculation is less than double the static weight of the ball, which still seems way too low. It's been some time since I've done straight-up physics number crunching, but it seems you can calculate impact force a couple of different ways. One would be determining a change in momentum over a change in time (i.e. the time duration of the impact), and the other would be based on the work done to stop the ball as a result of the impact, i.e. the change in energy over the distance of the impact. I think the latter would be more easily doable based on the video. The work done at impact would just be the change in energy, which would be equivalent to the gravitational potential energy at 45m and/or the kinetic energy at impact (these are all the same values since the ball goes from full potential/kinetic energy to 0). You could estimate the distance over which the impact occurs by watching the video and maybe comparing the distance from point of impact to 0 velocity and compare it to the ball's diameter (300mm I think he said?). Divide the delta energy by the impact distance and I think that gives you (average) impact force. I don't have time at this moment but could be interesting to try later.
The actual scientific answer is that *it breaks in a similar way every time because of the way the glass was cooled. Much like a Prince Rubert's Drop, the glass is cooled rapidly; creating a compressed center, and a shell that can sheer off after the impact. The molecular structure of the glass is like layers or shells, so only the outermost layer breaks off of the ball instead of it shattering throughout the whole ball.
It's called concoidal fracturing
@@danielkirienko1701 absically the edge is the weakest spot to it having less molecule bonding so itll crack around there to expel the energy
I wanted to say😔😅
Like 🔻🔺🔻?
I was thinking it would have something to do with the process of making the glass! Thanks for the science m8!
I know I'm a bit late to the party, but the sphere is exerting force into an object from the very tip it lands on, but since the mass comes in at a cone shape, that is the shape of the exerted force.
The majority of the mass comes in a straight line down the middle, which is why you get a cone shape instead of a funnel shape. The rest of the mass is divided equally on all sides, which is why the cone has that perfect cone shape.
Since the glass sphere is more brittle than the steel plate, all that force is impacted back into the sphere and it cracks in that same shape.
If you were to drop a steel sphere onto a glass or ice cube, you would see the fractures going in that exact same shape.
This is also why it doesn't matter how big the sphere is, as long as it is below the fracture point of the steel plate. It exerts a larger force if it has a higher mass, but the higher mass also have an equally higher shatter resistance, and an equally higher impact radius.
Pure joy from start to finish !
Ball drop #
1- 4:56
2- 6:16
3- 8:51
4- 10:10
5- 11:13
6- 12:53
7- 14:47
8- 15:52
David Watson thanks, I always didn’t like how this CZcams channel wasted my time
You’re doing gods work, son. Good job.
Thanks david
The "Coney Joney" is actually an incomplete manifestation of the Bell Effect. A subsequent drop with the impact at the exact same location and angle would complete the effect, distributing the force through the rest of the bell curve, creating a bell shape and serving as a reminder for us to GET THE BELL ON.
THIS IS THE ONE
It's 2022, and yes. The Coney-Joney effect is mentioned a lot in our science textbooks.
All scientists and physists are discussing this matter.
it has likely been mentioned but, the reason the ball doesn't shatter more, the higher you bring it is because from the first drop at the halfway point with the first medium ball, is because it already hit its terminal velocity, meaning no matter the high past that point at most. The speed is the same, meaning its force of impact will also be the same.
For brittle materials like glass, they break in a shape known as a "frustrum" (which is essentially a cone with the tip cut off) centered at the point of impact, which is exactly what you see here!
Source: Mechanical Engineering Student
But why
@@jamesbowser9350 yea, wasn't really explained
it's frustum, but yes!
So...the point of the cone is the thickest part right...in the direction of hit - then it’s thinner in radii around the impact point -?
Have you seen Prices Rupert's drops?
Smarter Every Day actually kinda explained why it breaks that way. Stress propagates through the glass in a shape called a fructum, which is basically a cone with the point cut off. That cone gets wider until it intersects the edge of the ball, and everything on the wrong side of that stress line is what breaks off.
This is more accurate than most of the comments about this
what’s the video name
It is also because it is being dropped onto metal that also vibrates differently if you droped it on Solid Concrete you most likely wont have the same outcome
Aha
They should do some videos with Destin from Smarter Every Day, get some actual science in there and for some reason I feel like they would all hit it off fairly well.
Because it's a shock wave and it resonates at the same frequency as the glass however it does not have enough shock wave for completion and thus the shape of the breakage. Also some of the shock is absorbed by the soft ground underneath which also affects the resonation so next time drop it onto something solid and you will find the effects to be substantially deferred.
I love watching y’all drop stuff from the tower!!!! It makes my day & honestly I wasn’t having a very good one today!!! Thanks!!!!!
I feel and felt this, I do it daily
Coney jonie woney
The shape is called a concoidal ... It's a fracture of silica molecules which makes the glass ....
Also when the glass hits the steel plate ... The impulse created makes the wave patterned fractures which in turn explain Newton's 3rd law at the point of contact nothing happens... But the impulse travels in the form of waves and is the force is not conserved anywhere else but the point of contact , the cone is formed ... (Comtest).. thank you ❤️
The wave length frequency decreases and Hight increase the further away from the point of impact similar to a tsunami. Could that be due to the energy being able to disperses and it therefore having a weaker effect forcing it to find alternate easier path throught the structure.
Lol I’m stuck in a science comment
Nice google search
@@eastcoastoutdoors902 nah bro I learnt it in geology
Shoutout to editor Jack who runs even when he's 3 feet away from the camera.
He has to run to basically clip it because you can only slo mo for like 3 seconds
Sir Hiss Boi it’s actually 15 they said in a previous video
@@kaylacopper1736 correct
Could anyone here in the comments section be nice to me and check my table tennis trickshots...inspired by dude perfect and adam...
Jack’s really starting to flaunt the sprint and we love it haha
That shatters a whole, new world of possibilities.
4:57= throwing smallest glass ball
6:17= throwing medium glass ball
8:52= throwing bowling ball
10:11= throwing big rock ball
11:14 throwing Part 2 smallest glass ball
12:53 throwing medium glass ball part 2
Result: Coney Joanie 🤟
15:50 it kinda does... your welcome
Thanx dont have 17 mins
Ty
Thanks a lot
tysm i don’t want throw 16 minutes away
@@ThatRandomNova How bout *no*
Can we just take a moment to appreciate how good of aim they have.
They started out with trick shots
Right
Consistency is key
How Ridiculous!!
They had better have good aim! With all the damn practice they’ve had 😄
I've been watching this show for ages, kinda addictive and satisfying just seeing y'all doing all that ridiculous stuff 🤣🤣🤣 may I suggest something? How about trying different guages of bullets on the glass spheres and for the finale you shoot it with a tank 😱
the surface radial tensile stress at the circle of contact between the sphere and the target, generated by the impact.
It's a retinal pressure cone caused by small surface area contact combined with the Amorphis microscopic molecular structure of the glass resulting in a conchoidal fracture pattern.
I knew that off the top of my head because of CZcams .
CZcams rules.
That's exactly what happened to my pipe!
Wow
If you don't win, I will be upset!
@@stefanoskritikos8313 86 now, might as well like it now!
What he said ... yeah thats it .... I think...mmm yeah 🤔🤯🤯🤯🧐
It’s called a “conchoidal fracturing”, and occurs in glass and glass like rocks. It’s one of the key indicators archaeologists use to identify stone tools and tool scraps. When the force of the strike moves through the glass, depending on the angle and force, the fracture absorbs much of the force (you can see that in the ripples left on the new surface of the glass) allowing for precise shaping. Basically, glass + force = conchoidal fracture.
Plz pin
Id pin Yya
Also why ceramic plates are great at stopping bullets.
What surprised me is how little the amount of force seems to matter in how the fractures form, other than how far the resulting chips get ejected.
Having thought about it though it makes sense, the angles of how the force travels through the glass don't change, just the amount of it
This fracturing also happens when you push blunt objects through really any material that has any hardness too it.
Smarter every day has a good video on it
Bingo. Can confirm.
Hertzian ring and cone crack systems. At higher velocities or loads, inelastic deformation (densification, flow, or intense local fracturing and crushing) under the impact site leads to characteristic patterns of fragmentation arising from radial, lateral and median cracks. But hey i like coney-joney or HRCJ effect better :P
17:06 with speed of 0.25 you can see the energy moving from the top to the point of impact through the glass. (I think, unless it is reflection)
I think we need a Smarter Every Day and How Ridiculous collaboration to figure this one out...
Yeeeeeesssss!!!!!!
Ikr
you gotta get laminar flow involved somehow to get destin to deffinetly collab with them
HR's channel is gonna be so much scientific!😁
I was just thinking of sending the video to him
The cones are happening due to your position south of the equator. Here in America the cones are on the other side of the ball.
Yup. This is it
John that was funny I love the comment lol
Dang it I got it wrong
I don’t know about that, but I’ve also never thrown glass of a big tower so...
Lol
The inertia from the outer edge keeps putting force on the edge of the impact spot, causing the edges to fall of instead of the impact spot cracking.
them making fire made my day bc it reminded me so much of myself and i realised that i am not alone in a world of silliness and dumb ideas such as these, but i share it with my favourite content creators on the planet, thanks boys, i hope i can meet ya one day
LMAOOOO, okay now I fully understand this tweet made by Anthony Oliveira: when i bought my giant crystal ball the lady looked me in the eye and said "whatever you do, never EVER leave it uncovered when youre not home" and i said "oh wow because of spirits?" and she said "what? no bc if the sun hits it weird it'll burn down your house"
Im having such a fucking sense of de javu or however you spell that i don't know if it is because I've read that somewhere before or if i read ur comment once before but holy fuck
I didnt read the first part right .-.
Excuse me while i go cry
@@josefinebergmann7445 stop
Yeah its a double convex lens, there's a reason "the sun is biting you" you're literally aiming concentrated sunlight at your skin you're gonna light yourself on fire lmao
That’s hilarious
You guys are great! Got to this vid late but I can give my Gaunson style explanation. At impact there is a "wave" in the glass angled at 45 deg. It propagates so fast through glass that the glass acts like a liquid which forms the "wavies". Once they reach the limit of the edge the reflection tries to come back which pulls all the glass off the surface.
🖐😃👍
Just imagine in 1000 years if archeologists ever dig up that area all the awkward things they're going to find buried beneath the surface.
You mean robots?
i believe its called the "Death Star Effect", where a sphere just looks cooler missing a part of it
lmao
As a graduate of Gaunson school of science, the congulei-gai-nurei effect occurs because the glass is made of sand and sand is found on the earth, and the sand is heated a lot to become like lava in a volcano to form the glass ball. Thus when the ball hits the ground, its like a human being hitting their head to remember something, so the glass ball remembers that time it was super hot like a volcano, and forms that volcano shape from its memory. Each volcano formed is different to each glass ball like a snowflake.
Damn I love the science
Ok this is not the real reason, but a good joke indeed😅😂
That's wrong though.
they had me in the first half ngl
Amazing video:czcams.com/video/CT1TkusPH1E/video.html
2:33 you could also break 10 windows with it
The shape of the glass sphere is what keeps it from completely shattering
Comtest: When the glass ball hits the steel the shock waves travel down the ball getting wider creating coney Joney. Then they aren't strong enough to break the glass and that is why the rest of the ball is still intact.
comtest
Winner right there
Cone shape? I'm pretty sure you're referring to 'coney joney', which is the official term.
You winning mate
It also helps that glass is an amorphous solid
As the glass impacts, the point of impact supports the glass above, however there's a shear plane that can't withstand the excess force (the triangular shape from the side view) where the material below the fracture line isn't supported, so below that line is shearing due to tensile stress (the glass below the triangular shape being pulled away from the supported glass fracture line above) on the glass, the fact that the "Coney Joney" is uneven is likely due to the force being applied having a lateral (forward) vector, meaning there's more force being applied to one side than the other, causing more shearing to occur on one side as opposed to the other, so if you drop these directly down you'd likely see an even "Coney Joney". It's likely the front is shearing more as the force has a greater/higher forward motion (which is also translating to a higher stress on impact/stopping motion) so more of the front lower section is shearing as opposed to the rear, so more at the front less at the back. I hope i made this clear enough to understand! You could also likely review the slow motion footage to confirm/debunk the lateral force causing the un-even "Coney Joney".
To eliminate the "Coney Joney" effect you'd likely need to surpass the compression strength of the glass itself upon impact where the whole glass ball would likely either shatter, split or a mix of both (maybe turn into dust/tons of tiny shards. This force may be too high to overcome from dropping from Terminal Velocity of the glass balls... maybe look into it? =D
As for the waves the most reasonable explanation i can think of is that it's due to the cooling process tempering the glass different amounts at different depths for some reason.
Really quite some interesting physics/science/engineering phenomena!
Definitely the best reply I have read so far.😃 Seriously, you are smart!
I would think that since the steel plate is angled that could cause the offset of forces giving that uneven cone. Dropping on to a nicely flat/level piece of steel would likely cause a more even cone shape.
@@trumpedto6926 thank you! I did engineering at college 😊
@@CrazyZorro4970 possibly yes, it'd be interesting to test this in scientific experiments. It may affect the point that the coney Jones occurs to be an offset indeed. However I dont think it'd affect the size of the cone much if at all
@@nickpanagopoulos6097 Thank you, I'll take that as a compliment! 😊 Higher education is a blessing indeed.
The fact that youcan see the shockwave propagate through the ball is amazing. You could almost liken it to seismography. How an earthquake that is big enough will be heard around the globe.
It's Conchoidal fracturing... A conchoidal fracture refers to a haphazard mode of breakage of a material that does not adhere to any fixed or well-described physical planes of separation. Brittle materials are more likely to exhibit conchoidal fracturing. that's why the waves appear on the coney joney and why it breaks the way it does. It has no pattern or plane of separation.
As a retired glass maker, you make these in layers, like as onion. Also it is leaded crystal which is 60% by weight dissolved lead, giving it the optical quality. A crack will always travel the path of least resistance, ie the thinnest, so upon impact the cracks will propagate in 45 degree angles, the waves are the onion layers exposed.
SHREK
As a retired glass engraver (sandblasting, not by hand) I was wondering when someone would comment on how the glass sphere was actually made. Thanks Marc! :-) Glass can be WEIRD stuff! You can do all sorts of unpleasant stuff to it and it won't leave a mark. But, sometimes, it seems like you just have to look at it wrong and it'll crack along a stress line left over from the manufacturing process.
As a *retired* smart person, I can confirm that this is true
As a retired glass maker, you make these in layers, like as onion. Also it is leaded crystal which is 60% by weight dissolved lead, giving it the optical quality. A crack will always travel the path of least resistance, ie the thinnest, so upon impact the cracks will propagate in 45 degree angles, the waves are the onion layers exposed.
Quite simple really. You’re in Australia where everything is upside down/ backwards, so instead of the ball getting flatter it gets pointier.
Wait, they are upside down right? So is the image in the glass bal right side up?
czcams.com/video/PYZtH3dFFnY/video.html
@Milley ! y.o I WANT SЕЕХ !!!! OPEN MY VIDEO !!!! no
love the creation of scientific terms like the conney-jonney effect
maybe the cone of the glass effect is showing how the energy gets displaced through the glass and it's molecular structure shows through how it shattered?
The fact that you started a fire with these in seconds is way more interesting to me than the drop. Do a video to see if the Coney Joni's will set a fire just as quickly
Ask Smarter Every Day
Yah that was neat
I'd say shoot a high power laser through it, but at that point I am asking to blind/burn people.
I don't think they understood the dangers at all tbh. When Scott looked through it,, I winced.😯
Leave one in the forest and there won't be one the next day
We need a Slow Mo Guys version of this! Imagine how spectacular the shattering would be in super slow mo!!!
Put the video in .25 speed
Best co lab ever
I've always thought they need to colab with Slow Mo Guys.
Slowing the video doesn't increase the frame rate
@@MDeMarcoWithCat Yes. Works fine. =o)
That slowies are incredible. The ripple effect from the cone are awesome!!
8:16 good demo of the focal point
Rexy: *sees big ball coming from the sky*
Rexy: *flashbacks to around 66 million years ago*
Pin this one!!!
Actually the Earth is only 50.000 years old, Dinosaur bones were placed in the ground to test our faith.
@@andrewellwood9630 believe what you want but don't force your beliefs on others by correcting them dude
@@pimpchimp1049 or claim it as science.
😅😅😅😅😅
Cause of the Coney Joney: it is caused because the glass is more resistant to compressive force then it is to pulling force. What happens is on that small point of impact the glass compresses while on the surrounding glass not in contact with the metal plate the momentum of the glass causes a pulling force. this causes conchoidal fracturing in that particular way that makes the cone.
very simply the part that hits the metal has support(the metal) to stay bound to the sphere, the parts around doesnt have anything to support it so with the sudden stop it just comes off making a cone. im guessing the wankiness is because it is hitting a uneven surface?
For anyone confused, another phrase for "pulling force" is shearing force. So when the glass comes to a sudden stop in a small impact site (flat surface), the "column" beneath it is supporting it to a point. However, it is still compressing (squishing), so there is flex. Where glass is great with compression, it has very poor ability against shearing forces (squishing a tortilla chip on its edge vs pulling it apart). Because of this compression, the surrounding area is shearing off, creating a repeatable pattern of a cone. These slight variances are not necessarily molecular, but instead rely more heavily on small variance in density and micro-fractures the glass endured during cooling.
@@DapperDanLovesYou no mate, that's tension. Shear force is quite different.
What he said😐
@@tavobenne ^thats what I wanted to say
It's so surreal watch them fall in slow motion. It's like watching a void or maybe what a black hole would like like if it were visible.
Most people watching this would not know about the water filled magnifiers we used to put in front of the very small tv screens we had in the 1950s. These are great for focussing the light of the sun, except they were very heavy. You could write/burn words into wood very quickly!!
The Coney Joney Effect:
Scientific Term- When a spherical object collides with another object where only a single point makes contact, the energy is transferred back through the sphere in a cone shape. Thus anything outside of this conic region is unsupported, and due to its inertia will shear off of the rest of the sphere. This phenomena will result in a hemisphere with a conic end. Here is a diagram I drew up: imgur.com/gallery/BbxiDsu
Disclaimer: (I don't know if any of this is true I was just guessing)
That's what I thought too
czcams.com/video/PYZtH3dFFnY/video.html
Makes sense to me
I KNOW that load deflection is directed out ward equally in a 45* angle. So I think your explanation is spot on.
So I'm not a physicist, but this is 99% right, it's not that the glass is unsupported and sheared off, the larger part of the sphere, the "Coney Joney" that is shed at the moment of impact. It appears the way you described because the globe is the one moving instead of the piece of metal.
8:15 look at the sun-"laser" in the slow motion segment. Thats just wild.
*THE SUN IS A DEADLY LAZER*
Death Star 3.0
Rokee Stiv Gonzales OMG YES
Woah 😲 that was awesome thank you! 😂
The glass ball burning you like that is why they tell you to cover a glass orb when you're not in the room with it. If the sun hits it, it can end up burning your house down.
& thus, the Coney Joney was born, Rexy got a tat, & the yelling at each other to communicate came back, this viddy was an important one in HR history.
The fractures that you're experiencing is a conchoidal fracture.
aka a coniejonie ;)
Not what they were looking for but still cool
Try a Hertzian cone fracture
IT'S A CONEY JONEY, don't tell me how to live my life
@@purefury702 the ultimate conchoidal fracture
Its called conchoidal fracturing - source: Geology student.
Good job giving us a source, unlike karen
Cones of dunshire... is that a parks and rec reference I hear.
It looks like a conchoidal fracture backwards
Conchodial fractures .....from Canada
youre also an alex, i trust you
Wild slow motion shots!
Nice video!
I am not sure this is good advice, but if your steel plate is bent it might be better to flip it upside down, so you don't get a "lever" effect when the dropped items hit off center...
15:49 is what you came for.
Rosenholm Vincent thanks
I was looking for this. Thanks
You sir are the real vmp
ty
Thanks
"Look into the glass ball, what do you see?"
"Um... a dinosaur and some Australians"
"Interesting..."
HAHAHHA!
No. You can't see your fortune in it. It burned your eyes out looking at it.
i got the 69th like btw(nice)
@@shahanahmedawan4966 Unfortunately, it doesn't have 69 likes anymore.
Ok so it wasn’t just me who saw that good to know
U guys had me laughing so hard in the beginning 🔥😂
8:15 You can clearly see the focal point ... that looks awesome
*Me learning about the fracturing of glass in school:* Hey that’s a Coney Joney!!
*Teacher:* ...
In engineering, there are two types of stresses that a material can experience: axial stress (tension and compression) and shear stress. These two types of stress are related to each other using an engineering construct called Mohr's Circle. Basically, when a material is loaded, there exists an angle where there is no shear stress (called the principal planes), and 45 degrees from the principal planes is the angle of the maximum shear stress. You can see this in concrete loading tests (unconfined compression test). A concrete cylinder is compressed until it fails. These cylinders usually have a shear failure, and the crack that forms is usually on the diagonal.
Glass is strong in compression and shear, but is weak in tension. When the glass hits the steel plate, the kinetic energy is transferred from the glass to the steel plate, and ultimately into the ground. Any portion of the glass ball that can transfer this energy with compressive stress or shear stress does not break, but the portion of the ball that transfers its energy with tensile stress shatters. The cone shape comes roughly from the angle of the principal planes (assuming an isotropic material), which delineates the glass is supported in shear/compression from the glass that is only supported in tension.
Thanks for that explanation. It is nice to have some proper science added to this channel.
@@Vousie this is actually the proper response this is not a Hertzian cone. no object has passed through the glass.
This SOUNDS right
Bruh im not reading that
wow, this explanation actually made me understand how they formed, unlike the pinned comment, thanks!
Since the glass at the center is so thick at any size of a glass ball so only the maximum diameter of any ball is damaged keeping the center or the coney joney non damaged👌
i love the parks and rec refrence
the bit at the beginning where he keeps thinking he's getting bit by a bug is so great. not just because of the reaction, but how they go ahead and test out ideas for how to explain it immediately.
I really like the crystal ball’s refraction
Kevin.
🤒
@@ValkyRiver it’s glass
I instantly knew what it was, cracked me up them not getting it at first
It breaks like that because of the spherical shape. The forces get "pushed" to the edges and aren't as large in the center, therefore shearing off the sides making the cone shape.
You dislike my v*deos? Are you just a h8er boi? I say see you l8er boi. Don't watch my stuff anymore. Your dislikes are damaging my good reputation. I am a superstar, dear graeme
@@AxxLAfriku can I have that translated from bullshit to English 🤣
Not necessarily. I've seen the same thing form on blocks, and there's one on one of the wall tiles of my bathroom at work where the builders fucked up mounting a toilet paper dispenser.
Some materials are simultaneously brittle and compressible, so when they're struck by a strong impact, the force compresses everything in front of it. The compression causes the force to propagate outward at an angle, rather than straight forward, and the cone of force gets sort of 'pushed away' from the material behind it. If it goes all the way through something, the cone breaks off and leaves a void where it was.
If you do it on the edge of a block of material (and at an angle rather than straight on) rather than the center of a sphere, then that's how you make a blank for a stone blade. (Making the actual blade takes some extra grinding.)
That is what I said but you said it better with 1000 less words.