Why You Want To Think in Functional Harmony
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- čas přidán 5. 08. 2024
- Functional Harmony is a great tool if you want to understand how chord progressions flow and use that information to help you improvise better solos and spell out the harmony.
To me, Music theory is something that I can use to tell me how chords sound and how they move in the jazz standards and tonal songs that I play.
This video discusses why this approach to understanding music is very useful for playing Jazz.
If you have seen any of my videos or maybe also some my Instagram posts were on analyzing chord progressions and small melodic fragments then you've seen me reduce the progression for the melodies down to Simple functions so a row with several chords I will often reduce to one or two maybe three functions. It is a way to understand how the progression works.
Solid video on basic functional harmony in 4-5 minutes 12tone basic functional harmony: • Building Blocks: Funct...
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Content:
0:00 Intro - How I use Music Theory
0:38 Music Theory describes how music sounds and works
0:54 #1 Chords Grouped By Sound
1:15 Diatonic Major Chords and Their Function
2:04 Chords with the same function - Tonic and Subdominant
2:41 Minor Subdominant Chords - A shortlist
3:34 Exchanging Subdominant Chords
4:11 12tone and a good breakdown of Tonal Harmony
4:30 #2 It Helps You Think Ahead and Play More Logical Melodies
5:21 #3 Which Chords Are Important and Which To Ignore
5:54 Reducing a Turnaround
6:34 The II V trap (watch out ;) )
7:35 #4 Easier To Solo
8:28 IV IVm I examples
9:40 Same Lick - Different IV IVm Chord Progressions
10:13 #5 More Options over each Chord
10:50 Embellishing and interchanging progressions
11:44 Line using embellished progression
11:57 #6 Hearing Functions instead of Chords
12:35 How Do You Think About Chords and Harmony?
12:54 Like the video? Check out my Patreon Page
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The quality level of your lessons is unbelievable.
This video may have just changed my life.
For the better, I hope?
@@JensLarsen Ha! Yeah, this video just made my life a lot better. I've been working my way through a couple of jazz harmony books and books on navigating ii V I progressions and was getting bogged down in the individual chords, so this bit of wisdom has simplified things greatly.
That's really great to hear :) Playing changes is an important skill, but playing music is more important!
agree!!!
This is like 4 years of experience in just a few minutes thank you so much
You are very welcome! I am glad you like it 🙂
Or just play on mushrooms and you’ll connect the dots
@@xmendoza2389 Not how it works buddy.
I think I've been playing for 13 years now and I still don't get it
One of the most enlightening, pragmatic, and helpful jazz harmony videos I've ever seen!
Thank you very much! :)
The four years of learning jazz piano, your video helped me truly understand how to think of functional harmony. I definitely think this subject is overlooked by A LOT of jazz piano teachers/youtubers. You don't know how grateful to you because I could not articulate how I didn't understand functional harmony so I would get the basic bread and butter answers online.
I guess a problem in learning jazz is interpreting it in such a way the person on the receiving end will understand it. Although from what I've learned, I think jazz is something you HAVE to self teach but also have another jazz brain (that's ahead of you) stray you the "right" direction.
Thanks for this video!
Such a great teacher and lesson. Much thanks, Jens!
Thanks for editing all your video on jazz guitar topics. Very clear and well done. Please continue to cover also additional jazz standards.
I've never thought about listening for the functions of the tune. I appreciate your lessons so much. You allow me to think as I play. Thx Jens
Jens I find that I actually learn more watching your less technical videos which focus on the basics as it helps reinforce my study and realise playing something simple very well is better than playing lots of things without focus. Everytime I am getting ahead of myself I watch a video like this and it makes me go back to the nuts and bolts. Thanks again!
This one opened my eyes big time. Major thanks Jens. Honestly I struggle big in order to progress and you’re one of the very few people who can teach me on the spot. I couldn’t possibly thank you enough, music is my life and your helping me live it! 🎸 🎶
This is currently my favourite channel on CZcams. Thank you for sharing all this information so clearly 🙏
Wow, thank you!
This video REALLY helped me connect a lot of dots that I've been struggling to connect for almost a decade. I feel like I've been unable to connect jazz chord progressions into the fundamentals of music theory which has basically paralyzed my ability to create any new sounding chord progressions. As a result I've basically written 0 jazz music even though I've wanted to and even took a jazz theory course in college that didn't do me much good in my honest opinion. Really excited to take this to the piano.
That is how I learned harmony in 78. it's always good to be reminded because it gives you so many directions to take the music, Thanks, Jens!
Great! I had the impression they did not teach like that so early :)
@@JensLarsen Yes it was early but my teacher just finished 3 years at Berkley college in Boston, so I was lucky at that time
Wow, Jens, this is pure gold! It's as if you're giving us the best kept secrets. You'll make jazz guitarists of us all! ;)
I've been watching your lessons for just a few days and have already made massive progress! Thank you!
You're very welcome! I am glad you like them! 🙂
Thank you Jens! Another great lesson and such an easy way to talk about this huge jazz theory chapter !
Glad it was helpful!
I love your videos. This is right at the perfect level for me. I understand everything you're saying, but it's still just beyond where I am. Gives me lots to think about.
Thanks! Looking forward to more vids.
Glad you find it useful 👍🙂
Excellent video Jens. I understood many substitutions and chord functions but you connected the dots for me with this video. The examples doing chordal substitutions and common lines over different progressions brought it home to my ears. Thankyou.
Glad you find it useful, Jeff!
Again this is a great explanation. Some of the thing I hear and play, start to makes sense now :) Thanks a million!
Great to hear!
Thanks so much again , Jens! Helps make sense and simplify progressions on which I am trying to improvise.
Glad you like it, Scott 🙂
This is really profound, thanks for posting this lesson Jens!
You're very welcome Andreas!
Btw... You are completely opened my mind to theory. I had no idea how amazing theoretic knowledge could be. I have a life time of stuff here. Thank you so much again from Milwaukee, WI, USA
Glad to hear it!
Such a useful, thorough and well explained lesson. Thank you Jens.
Glad you like it Matt! :)
Wow this is a great lesson and has straightened a few things out for me. Fairly familiar with these concepts except the idea of boiling a progression down to these three elements, and on top of that, the flexibility this approach offers, and indeed reducing the mental load. Thanks again for sharing Jens.
Glad it was helpful 🙂
Really great material to work on my jazz playing. Jens, you are an amazing teacher. Love your content
You're very welcome! Glad you like it!
Last night I looked at Bill Evan's "Waltz for Debby" and was so confused on how to see the chords functionally. Your video has given me some confidence that now, I might be able to understand "Waltz for Debby" chord functions. I see that there are some CZcams videos on "Waltz for Debby explained" that I'll them too.
The timing for this video is just right -- understandable and what I need. This video is going to keep me busy for quite a while.
Today, I ordered your book "Modern Jazz Guitar Concepts: Cutting Edge Jazz Guitar Techniques With Virtuoso".
Thank you also for referencing 12tone. I learned something from him too. It shows that you are secure in your abilities to give outside references!
Glad you liked it! I hope you enjoy the book!
Very useful and well explained material, as usual. Always the best, dear Mr. Larsen!
Please give us another video about using functional harmony concepts for making solid lines through the changes!!
Thank you! Did you check out these videos: czcams.com/video/RGfmYLirg1I/video.html
This is single-handedly the best video lesson I've seen on chord theory!! Can't believe I went all these years without knowing this - thank you so much Jens!
Glad it was helpful! 🙂
A really excellent and very helpful lesson, many thanks again Jens!
You're very welcome! :)
Wow, Jens, such a useful lesson! Thank you! I have yet to try it, but it's opened my ears to stuff I knew but didn't know I knew. The best!
Thank you, Dan
hey mate you are my super hero....!!! love your class....I am learning a lot ....thanks for ever
Great that you can put it to use 🙂
Wow, this video was fantastic. I'm not into jazz and when I read/played some jazz progressions, I saw so many chords and some looked so strange that it was very difficult to memorize or change chords quickly. It took me very long to intuitively understand some things (some I never really understood) that this video easily explains in 5 minutes. Basically, with a list of which chords can play which functions you can start trying jazz things pretty much straight away. I wished I had this info before:)
Really glad you like it! :)
Many Thanks for this superb approach to Functional harmony - i was only acquainted to Minor/Major pentatonic scales - i am sure this will be of a great help to Me for playing some basic jazz melodies - once again Many Many Thanks for your help
Schoenberg's Theory of Harmony is a good read (although sometimes needlessly verbose and philosophical) - in particular the bits about dealing with Minor tonalities and how the 6th and 7th scale degrees should be altered depending on their ascending or descending movement and ultimate functional goal. I found this more functional and fluid way of thinking helpful in jazz, where I agree that the prevailing idea of a static chord scale method can leave out the nuance of context. It matters where you came from and where you're heading! Thanks for the vids Jens. Cheers from Atlanta.
Glad you like it :)
I've been trying to understand some Beatles songs and their odd harmonies and this video came right in time.
Thank you so much for all this great content! ♥
Glad you like it! :)
I loved it!
Jens you have given me new language & direction to communicate with my keyboard player - what is natural for a keyboardist is often work for guitar but this helps to level the playing field so to speak...
This is a very intriguing concept to me as a self-taught amateur. Chord function, never really thought of them this way, but it makes sense. I am not yet sure I have completely wrapped my mind around it yet, but it is definitely something to keep investigating. Thanks for the lesson.
Great lesson. When I studied harmony and theory with Dick Grove in the late 70s some of our homework assignments were to correct chord charts of standards and show tunes and harmonize the songs with chords that had a clearly identifiable function. This way we could see the essence of the song's harmony without embellishment or confusion.
Thank you! Yes we did that as well :)
This was very helpful in explaining the application of functional harmony. I believe I've watched the 12 Tone video in the past (dude is awesome), but I kinda sat on the information. This has really helped fill in the gaps and shown the possibilities of its application. Thanks again!
You're very welcome Zach. I am glad you like the video
Blowing my mind!
Thank you downhill2400! 🙂
more jewelry ads on this channel again ..., oh right it is because the lessons are GOLD , that was very useful thank you very much
Haha! Thanks, Omar!
As usual, awesomely fascinating stuff. 😎
Glad you like it!
This is a great lesson. I am learning Jazz especially by listening and copying great musicians (and of course improvising) and this is why your lesson is fantastic: you are able to articulate clearly what I am learning while copying. Music consists mainly of building and releasing tension. Tonal, Subdominant, Dominant. A song is like a journey from the beginning point (tonal) to very far places (much tension/dominant) or to very near places (not to much tension/subdominant). That idea helps me to think ahead and to understand music. It helps also when learning a song by heart.
You're very welcome, Simon! I think that is a very good description of a lot of what is going on in the music :)
You continue to amaze me with the clarity and importance of your content. Not just telling someone to use Dorian over a min7 chord.
But how we think as jazz musicians.
I share your videos with my own students to reinforce what I’ve been teaching. Your approach is great, and helps out my more advanced students.
Thank you
Thank you very much, Paul! That really makes my day to hear 🙂
you are right, telling "play dorian on m7" it s like giving a fish to someone instead of teaching him how to fish, and i have lost so much time in complex concept while in reality it comes to very easy and simple concept to understand. Jens gives the way to see the broader picture instead of the small window
Really helpful lesson, glad you linked to it today
Glad it was helpful, Frank!
Awesome video! Thanks Jens.
You're very welcome, Andrew 🙂
You hit some great concepts. For me, anything jazz, rock, country always can break down to tonic, sub, dominant. A good way to “dial back” is taking rhythm changes and playing around the root key. In Bb, even the G7(with a major 3rd in it) can be treated with a Bb major scale, giving a b3 bluesy sound over the G7. Sequences and little motifs are way easier by grouping chords together as long as you catch important chord tone movement like you said. Thanks
Glad you like it Jimmy :)
fantastic as always
Very helpful video, thanks Jens.
My pleasure!
This is absolutely life changing; chord changes I previously had to think so hard about are so much easier
Thank you so much
So glad to hear that! 🙂
@@JensLarsen Just a Quick question tho, can MinMaj7 function tonic chords as well as subdominant minor chords? Eg the sequence is F#min7b5, B7, EminMaj7, Amin7.
How would you think of this EminMaj7 when improvising?
Thank you tons again
@@omarhamouda9512 Yes, the type of chord doesn't say too much about the function. A minor chord can be tonic or subdominant, a dim chord can be subdominant or dominant.
@@omarhamouda9512 And in that progression you have II V I IV in E minor
@@JensLarsen Okay yep that clears things up, thank you:)
You should defo consider making a similiar video about condensing progressions with functional analysis, but in minor keys; could be super helpfull
This video just awnsered my doubt of dominant and subdominant thanks a lot Jens, great as always
Glad to hear it!
Great video and awesome job driving these points home.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Excellent! A lot of modern jazz standards are filled with ii-V (without going to I), and they go by pretty quickly. I have often just used m7 or dom7 arpeggios or relative major/minor scale ideas on each of them, which leads to parallel and repetitive ideas. So your explanation o functional harmony really simplifies things very well. Thanks!
Great that you find it useful! :)
Awesome concept understandable by yours truly! Interesting to learn, as with all of your videos!
Thank you! Always great to hear that the videos are useful :)
@@JensLarsen Why of course! Keep up the great work!
Usually I can follow right along with you. This is a video that's going to take me some time to digest. Good stuff.
Thank you! You can always ask if something is unclear 🙂
@@JensLarsen : Why are Em7 and Am7 considered tonic? Is it because the A and the E are a 3rd above the tonic or because Em7 is Cma9 no root while Am7 is Cmaj6?
@@jrbr549 That too, but it is not only about the notes in the chord, it is also about how the chord sounds in the key. Only looking at the notes is a little like going back to chord/scale stuff where the surrounding music doesn't matter
Thankyou so much, this is a gold for me, i've been searching a lot of videos and lesson about this, but this one kicks me out 😂
That's great! Glad you like it!
Subscribed! I’m so happy I found your channel.
Thank you! I hope you find something you can use 🙂
Another great lesson Jens, Thank you. We need to meditate around the content at least a month, some other 2 until we are able to turn it to 'reality on the neck'. Anyway, a fantastic lesson.
BraVO .... Good teachings. I have saved lots of your vids. I am determined to Learn More and I am in Way.......Over my Head.. but Loving It. 🌴🌴🌴🌴
you're a great teacher, thank you so much
Glad to hear that you find the videos useful 🙂
Excellent!! Very useful video. Thanks Jens!!
Thanks, Viajerosonico1. Glad you found it useful!
@@JensLarsen Sure, it's very clear and well structured. I'm glad to follow you. Best!
Great video - please continue to dive into more details of jazz harmony
Thanks Ray! I already have a lot of videos on theory, so just have a look around :)
Very well explained and presented.
Thank you :)
Wow! amazing advice!
What I really meant was, brilliant lesson! Just my oblique British humour and way of expressing myself. Thanks for another great lesson... it does make a lot of sense and my summary was a bit crap. Keep them coming, I am certainly a big fan!
No worries, Paul. It's difficult to know exactly what people mean in YT comments :) Glad you like the video!
Jens, thanks again. I do think in functional harmony, what has happened in my personal process is that I started as a "pentatonic" "free mayor scale/natural minor player" playing over changes. Then I realized I was not skillful in describing harmony with single note soloing. Then I started playing more arpegios with emphasis on 3d's and 7th's and started to understand harmony description, this meant thinking through every chord. Then I did not wanted to be too literal in what's going on, so I started to think more on tonalities that hold entire chords progressions and trust my ear, and now my ear create very free lines that actually describe harmony too but in a more interested way. As today, I am in the process of learning to organize my vocabulary in terms of diatonic/ outside/ angular/ tertian / very chromatic/ slightly chromatic/ etc...
Sounds like you are on the right track :)
Your lessons saved my life
Thank you! I am surprised they could, but glad you find them useful! :)
Brilliant lesson. I played Rock and folky pop for 30 years. I'm 50 now and I finally see what kind of player I want to be.
perfect lessons. thank you
I love these videos I'm late to the party but he's the best. Absolute beast. And seems hella nice too
Thank you! :)
Thank you!
As sax an guitar (not a good one :) ) player this is the most useful video I have found on your channel. The the kind of things that really change the way you think in music. Many thanks Maestro!
Glad to hear that Marcos! It is great when the videos are useful beyond guitar 🙂
I got a separate notebook just for this channel. Amazing stuff.
Thank you 🙂 👍
Very nice work Mr. Larsen.
It is something that i prefer to do a lot
because it provides much more possibilities
and material for you to improvise and create new sound
and lines.
You can play A-7 arpeggio and E-7 arpeggio over a CM7 chord or Em pentatonic and Em blues scale.
I like also the way Pat Martino converts everything into minor.
This is something that helped me a lot and i was already thinking like that when i discovered Pat's minor thinking although i am not doing exactly the same think.
Its something that a lot of players do like in G7 playing D-7 arpeggio.
In C7 altered chord playing Db minor pentatonic or Eb minor pentatonic gives you all the extensions or triads lik Gb and Ab...
Anyway i like your videos a lot keep doing what you are doing
Thanks Spyros! You can indeed use those arpeggios too, though that is a slightly different topic than this video :)
Great lesson !
Exellent lesson ! i think that's how joe pass was also thinking when improvising, only he wasn't thinking in term of subdominant chords as they were part of the dominant chords in his approach i think
You certainly tell that he does that sometimes! Good observation 👍
Yes Jens, I totally agree with this method of thinking! I've found you can do the same with understanding lines in transcription or playing what you can hear. Instead of thinking about the individual notes you can think about:
Where the line starts (maybe on the 9 or 7th or 3rd etc).
Is it an ascending/ descending phrase.
Is it an Arp, scale, pentatonic or chromatic approach/ enclosure? (These are the most common but sometimes it might be something really rhythmic sticking around only a couple of notes. Obviously a phrase is usually a combination of multiple).
Finally, where does it resolve to/ end?
If you think about this generally rather than getting caught in the details it's really useful for transcription and playing the lines you really hear! Thanks again, great lesson
Extremely helpful!!!
Glad to hear that 🙂
Fantastic lesson. You just simplified my life. I was listening to this lesson and I could visualize the fretboard while doing bench presses. :)
Really glad you like it, Joe!
@@JensLarsen I love playing around with the concept of repurposing licks, melodies, and runs that I normally use in a different harmonic context. Simplifying chords into their functions as well as seeing alternative chords you can use that perform the same function makes this all come together for me. Just need to start playing around with it now. You gave me a nice roadmap. Thank you.
I like that you have some jazz going on in the background while you're talking. even on a jazz channel, the music is still relegated to wallpaper! haha.
At least it is homemade 😂
Wow! Brilliant instruction! Functional harmony is a real breakthrough. I have read many people who criticized Chord-Scale Theory but then most fell short of offering another operational structure instead. Functional harmony fills the gap exactly. The next logical step came in the end; hearing functions! Would it be possible to coin a feeling or mood to functions like; question or ambiguity for subdominant chords - reasoning or argument for dominant chords - resolution, affirmation or consolation for the tonic chords? Because hearing the chord function would eliminate guesswork and enable the player to play in real time! Cheers...
Great lesson Jens!
Thank you very much, Emanuel! Praise from a colleague is always great 🙂
What is your approach to analyzing music and does it tie into how you hear music?
The 5 Chord Progressions You Need To Know For Jazz: czcams.com/video/7WG8d1D0QY8/video.html
I think turnaround combinations all the time when i play something with functional harmony
What is interesting is that your approach is to simplify and cook down the turnaround
In fast "rhythm" changes, it becomes handy unless one is 100% monster bebob player
I've spend alot of time finding voicings and approaches to 6 2 5 1 and avoiding playing bebob lines
I'd be interested in seeing a video were you explore simplifying bebob /rythme changes into more etherique melodic improvisation and develop an interesting solo over longer periods of time
And also in that context how you train periodic sense in a cooking band
@@vhollund Ok. I am not sure I understand why you would play a piece like rhythm changes not to play bebop? Then I would just pick another piece. That's a bit like trying not to play blues on a 12 bar blues to me?
Hello. How can I purchase your book called jazz with DVD?
@@rogerjeune9034 I have a book for sale on my website, link in the description of this video. I don't have any DVD's out
This video is very informative. I think this is one of the two best videos you've produced. The other one is Only Three Jazz Scales. You've given me much to think about. Thank you Jens Larsen.
This is actually a fantistic video. Thanks jens. Particularily great example around 10 min with the same over different progressions where the chords subs are essentially a similar function. Thankyou :-)
Glad you like it, Paul!
Excellent video, thank you
Glad you like it, Craig 🙂
Thanks a lot for this lesson it was very great. I had a more intuitive notion of chord functions. To me they are tools to steer the energy and tention of a piece and i also listen to music in those terms. Usually the tonic is expressed in a calm way and without much extreme tentions. As a line progresses to subdominant part, it increases in tention to end up in a dominant climax with most tention. Dominant chords almost scream out to find their sollution back into the tonic or a new tonic. This simple movement of drive, energy and tention/ sollution is expressed in so many ways and can be accellerated or slowed down by making the phrase or progression longer or shorter. It's like the tool to manipulate the 'drive' each song has. Notes want to go somewhere and i call that the 'drive'. But i never understood substitute chords very well, or i did but was not confident enough about it, and therefore i did not use them much when improvising ( i ty to make use of inversions of hords and use empbellishing chords) You can now imagine that it was almost undoable to make a good sounding 'jazz' line that also had the jazz in it. So again, thank you very much this lesson will create a giant leap in my playing !!!!!
I spent half this video trying to find out where I'd left a second video playing. Jens, like a Hitchcock film, your stories are interesting enough to stand on their own -- they don't need the background music. We musicians, in particular, find background music distracting. That said, I always enjoy your lessons.
this is a truly great lesson
You're very welcome! I am glad you like it! 🙂
really amazing musician Jens!!! thanks
Glad you like it Davide!
Thank you!
Your guitar tone ohh my goddddd. I envy that tone
Great video. Thanks a lot!
My pleasure, Andrew! Glad you like it!
Great lesson Jens. I remember learning this years ago. I'm going to have to study more theory with you.
Thanks! Great, maybe check out some of the videos analyzing standards. There is a playlist on the Channel :)
@@JensLarsen I will Jens Thanks
I don't understand all of this yet, but I get enough to find it very interesting and making sense to me in essence. Thanks!
Just keep at it :)
So so so nice !!!! 👍👍👍
Thank you very much
Just to restore key agnosticity to the conversation, I just want to clarify that at 3:28 when we speak of Minor Subdominant variants, we're talking about
ivm7, ivm6, ivmMaj7
bVII7 (backdoor dominant)
iiø, bVIMaj7, bIImaj7
Left here for those who find it helpful ;)
Okay my comment was premature you do explain and i understand that by sound how theyre related
I really enjoyed many of your videos. And this simplification. Or distillation of the chord progression is a great way of thinking. But I wish you would put it into context. Analyze a standard in this way. All the things you are, something like that. I'd love to see your thoughts on it.
Thank you! Making a video like this about a song would exclude everyone that does not know the song, so that is not a very good way to approach it in my experience. But you can check out some of the videos I have done on analyzing standards in the past: czcams.com/video/pAnT_wi2WJY/video.html
I was aware of diatonic substitutions but often wondered why some of my lines sounded better than others. Thanks for giving me another piece of the jigsaw..;-))
Great to hear, Andrew :)
@@JensLarsen I've played countless 'better lines' this morning Jens & I'm smiling big time!! Thank you...;-))
Functional harmony is a german view about the chords in a scale. It is extremly helpful, maybe the most useful tool in the music theory.
- Great) Thanks for this video)
Glad you like it, Andrey :)