Quantum Money From Knots
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- čas přidán 10. 08. 2022
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I show you how knots can be used to make secure quantum money
See the full lecture on Quantum money with knots here: • Quantum Money: Peter S...
Checkout my experiment book: amzn.to/2Wf07x1
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You don't have to define a knot. You just define what it is knot.
Knot 🪢👽
Knot
Knot 🥨♾
Da-da, dum
But is a knot knot a knot if it's knot?
*This episode was KNOT up to usual standards of clarity.*
It had to be said.
yeah, i didnt really understand how the knots were related to money
I think I can help clarify, a knot, with naught real knots, cannot be known as not a knot because knot computation knows not which knots are for naught.
This could get fun.
@@fervidApathy thanks! this really helped further my understanding of *null*
u won the internet..
He doesn't even try to explain it. It doesn't matter if you don't know the answer if you all you need to do is copy the equation and it will give the same answer when resolved. There is a huge missing piece of information.
Of all the hundreds of hours of videos you’ve made and I’ve consumed, this one….this one went WAAAAYYYY over my head.
Knot theory is also known as circuit topology. There are some very interesting demos of untying :)
What do you mean by demon
@@forloop7713 stration
@@forloop7713 demon
🏠🏠
2:22 while it’s certain that the luminiferous ether model has been disproven, I still find it fascinating that Kelvin’s knots seem vaguely reminiscent of electron configuration states of different atoms.
Imagine if there was a 1:1 correspondence and we just realised it here in CZcams comments. Nah, unlikely.
Yeah... What he said
@@redryder3721 lobby for my Nobel Prize, and I’ll give you a cut of the loot if I should win.
Luminiferous Aether Could Totally Be Used As A Designation For Spacetime; I Mean, Both Of Them Are Responsible For Propagation Of Energy, Both Of Them Permeate The Entirety Of The Cosmos, And Spacetime Has Been Detected Rippling Like A Fluid Substance.
@@AssistantCoreAQI I don’t disagree. Free space has permeability, permittivity and impedance, and it accommodate the propagation of energy just like matter. And it can be altered in the presence of matter (gravity).
Just because free space is void of material doesn’t mean there’s nothing there
i never thought i’d wake up and say man i’m excited to learn about quantum’s psychics today!
*Quantum PSYCHICS, eh?* What are you, the Spelling Troll? Trying to see how many people you can trick? ROFL
@@YodaWhat or they just don't know how to spell quantum physics
@@YodaWhat maybe it was a typo or they didn't know
You just woke up? There’s your problem lol
@@georgehenry76 idk that seems luxurious
Just to comment on your statement saying, “ sometimes what we think is a knot, isn’t.”
I’m a pressure washer and that statement hits home. The high pressure hose will sometimes coil itself up when twisted and if let to just keep coiling it seems as if it’s in a knot. But there’s no way that it actually is. It can be frustrating too.
I’m so glad you made a video on knot theory. A very neat branch of math
I always found it rather entangled...
THIS VIDEO IS KNOT WHAT I WAS EXPECTING.
you made me breathe heavily out of my nose. good job. 🤣
Great videos brother. Thank you for such amazing videos
i think that this video went over my head more than any others on this channel so far! Keep up the good work!
I always enjoy your videos, even the ones that go WAY over my head.
Love your content brother. Even though much of it goes way over my head. It at least gives me new things to learn about! So so much to learn!!
“...if your ends don’t meet it’s not a knot. The simplest form of a knot is called an unknot.”
0:59
Quite a tongue twister there
Not really a tongue twister, but it does sound like it’s from Alice in wonderland
..... if your ends don't meet it's not a knot.
Who made that rule? I thought the whole point of knots was to tie 2 ends together that don't meet. 🥴
Try reading dr suess
@@terrafirma9328
Just think of it as a new meaning for the word "knot". The meaning is sort of related to the knots you know from real life, but different. Everyone who uses a word gets to make up their own meanings for it (although there's no guarantee that anyone else will be interested). Some mathematicians decided to make up a new meaning for the word knot and lots of people were interested enough to adopt that usage.
It's an abstract mathematical idea of a knot. If the ends aren't joined together, and they aren't very far apart, then a knot on a real string can always be undone. And as you undo it if you move everything slowly then it gradually stops being a knot and becomes just a length of a string. At some moment between being knotted and straight it will be sort of hard to say whether it's a knot or not. And it only holds its shape because there's enough friction etc.
Maths likes to deal with things that are as simple as possible (but not simpler) and have some interesting immutable properties so you can make definite statements about them and go on to prove theorems e.g. that one thing implies another.
Once you have that definition there are lots of things you can prove - e.g. that the unknot, the left handed trefoil knot, and the right handed trefoil knot are all distinct knots. If you have any one of them it doesn't matter how much you bend and twist it, you can't turn it into a different one.
You mean a tongue knot?
Loved this episode, watched it like 5/6 times and paused to write down what i understood, until finally get it!
Love this channel!
Your videos are very interesting and thought provoking. Thank you. 😊
Keep up the great vids 👍
My brain is running at 10 knots 🤯
U k Bro?
That was Knot what I was expecting and glad to learn something new!
Do knot make puns, or you'll make me put on my trefoil hat.
Your videos always keep me hanging on.
"its not a knot" very beautiful words
This guy knows so much. His IQ has to be off the charts with how easily he can understand concepts
It’s not even understanding. Teaching concepts to people who have no background in ways that they understand is WAY harder than understanding difficult concepts
His IQ must me 120
@@Monkey_Luffy01 average IQ?
He steals video ideas from other youtube videos.
IQ isn't the same as knowledge, though often go together, a lot of very knowledgeable folk are not excessively intelligent and some extremely intelligent folk may not be knowledgeable because they haven't lived in a place with the schools/colleges or don't have the money/access
Great content! So profound, I had no idea any of this existed....
I was worried this one would be hard to follow. Luckily, it was knot. 🙏
*Me hearing nuts instead of knots:* 🗿
Since you said that two of the same Alexander Polynomials do not always equal the same knot @ 4:10, then wont we run into a problem of having two different knots giving the same Alexander Polynomial?
I'm guessing it's theoretically possible, but just rare enough that it practically never happens, like sha256 hash collisions.
What I thought too. But maybe the chances of that happening are very low! 🤷♂️
It won’t use the 7 crossing knots i’m imagining, but more like 256 crossings or like 2 kb of crossing data.
yes
I like the channel: it's accurate enough, concise enough to be both credibile and enjoyable, which often is not the case.
Agree, this channel balances out credibility and interest, most definitely feels science based, unlike other channels which are just “UFOs are aliens already on earth” with millions of views not caring of misinforming the masses.
The Action Lab’s only area of opportunity is not putting some formal references in the description! 🎉
Thought I was gonna learn a new Bar trick. Your videos always amaze me.
I love your videos. I am programmer and lover of physics. The ideas you bring to the norms like us watching are transformative to how we think and approach understanding life. Thank you.
We already have a secure type of money. Bitcoin.
I bet you 10k sats he's paid to not talk about bitcoin. Same with nilered and veritasium and others.
That knot theory of atoms is pure genius.
That was a particularity interesting one. Thanks!
Wow! Cool video! Looking forward for more videos and also, this is what teaches me everything 😌
No this is not a good video
@@mydimons_ Yes I can bla bla bla like you do.
Apparently it didnt teach you english
2:49 The unknotting problem is not only computationally solvabde, it’s doable in less than exponential time. Knot equivalence is in NP and not known to be NP-complete; I don’t know if it’s as easy as unknotting or if that’s an easier special case.
Either way algorithms for doing it are and have been known for ages.
Exactly what I was thinking. This is quantum computationally possible by multiplying the quadratic of pi (3.14159) by the constant square root of the circumference of the unknot; therefore getting the triangulation of the trifold knot equivalent to its unknot bilateral state. Next you simply linearly dissect the polar equation with the NP - Complete multidimensional flux and you get the observable answer:
We can both use fancy words to make stuff up.
I can watch this guys content all day. I gave him a little crap when i first saw him years ago that i can't even remember, but this channel has grown on me.
So rather than scroll thru your vids looking for something new, i just subbed to get the updates.
Keep them smart vids coming. I am so bored with social media that i need brain food.
Now feed me. Lol
I am so lucky to find this channel❤️
3:08 This already exists it's called bitcoin.
ygmi.
Fun fact: knot was said 38 times
I believe you…. KNOT!
@@lucbloom 39 times now
Fun fact. You spent 5 minutes of your life counting the amount of times 'knot(s)' was said.
2:42 Kudos to whoever made that graphic. 👍
You always have interesting content. Cool channel!
a rope walks into a bar
the bartender says, "we don't serve your kind"
the rope walks outside, ties himself in a knot and frays his hair, walks back in
bartender says, "hey aren't the same guy that was just here?"
the rope replies, "I'm a frayed knot!"
😶
That was smooth
Nice one!
Furries will say this is false advertising
No
So this man just taught me what school couldn’t and 12 years and he did it in 5 minutes like wow
Pooh: Can You Knot a Knot. Piglet: No I can not Knot a Knot.
Hey brother, I asked you to do an interesting experiment. Put two containers containing the same amount of pure water at the same temperature, one wide container and the other narrow container in the vacuum chamber to see which one boils faster.
I'm fairly certain that the same or a similar result can be achieved by tap water and two different sized pots on a burner. if you balance the variables, - water type, quantity of water, starting temperature. all things being equal the result should be the same. the only thing that changes is the water boiling due to low pressure vs temperature.
But I think that because water in a flat container has more surface evaporation than water in a narrow container before it reaches the boiling point, its temperature decreases more than water in a narrow glass until it reaches the boiling point. So its vapor pressure reaches the reduced pressure inside later
For example, when we take a glass of hot tea in the mountains and pour another one in a saucer, we will see that the tea in the saucer cools down before boiling due to surface evaporation, and its vapor pressure decreases and it boils more slowly.
I believe that knots are part of "string theory", too.
At least knots are testable.
Man went from dicussing KNOT to discussing Quantum Physics, really unexpected but cool 😎 keep it up👍but need to watch again to understand the video completely
well i certainly didnt expect that solution to the cord
its notanot
Furries: *[HEAVY BREATHING INTENSIFIES]*
Interesting topic! but i'm knot sure I completely understand
Intelligent lecture!!!
Through tying my shoes I have mastered string theory.
Hey man, can you do a video on the P vs NP problem? I think it's fascinating and is similar to this video.
from wiki: "The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in theoretical computer science. In informal terms, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified can also be quickly solved."
boooriiing
Interesting, I never heard about that until now. That would be dope
@@theabyss5647 primitive dummy
@@lukedowneslukedownes5900 check "P vs NP and the computational Complexity Zoo" video by hackerdashery on youtube. I'm sure you'll enjoy it
@@theabyss5647 go back to watching tiktok and eating cheetos till you pass out
I never knew this about knot theory! One of my last professors in college was a knot theory researcher but she did not teach it! Never realized this was an application!
she did... knot teach it?
you did knot try to do that, you are suh a twister
This went over my head just like a good'ol VSauce video
Love this channel and the shirt.
I'm going to be honest, this was too advanced for my smooth brain to understand but thanks for the video anyway.
What would, theoretically, be required to be able to press together 2 pieces of paper that were torn apart, in order for them to become 1 piece again?
Duct tape
How much pressure is needed to liquify paper?
I'm not sure how exactly paper stays together, but probably a super small welder and a tiny pair of tweezers
A talented magician🧙
Stitch weaving the individual fibers back into their original matrix positions, and then flattening the composition under sufficient pressure. If you want it to be the same anyway. Otherwise just wet the edges, shove them together, put it in a press, remove it and let it dry.
great contents!!
That's my bedsheet in the middle of the night
That explains his hair
I'll be the first to say it: I did knot understand half of this video
It's a strange, ever since I was a child I was able to untie pretty much any knot that somebody gave me so as long as the thread was not too wet and I could not pry it part and as I got older I started to do it with chains and electrical cords at blinding speeds
It's called being a gamer
thats a sick skill to have
If it's not wet or knotted too tightly than what's actually hard about untying a knot? There's no general algorithm yet it's not like rocket science either - one just needs a bit of patience, that's all.
The only problem in untying a knot is when it is in fact wet or knotted extremely tightly. I don't get what is your skill about.
There are cash prize knot untying competitions in Japan..
Can you cone do my Christmas lights this year?
Dude! I have never thought about this! What an incredible video! Thank you for opening my mind tonight! I knew there was a reason. I watched you all the time!
i completely understood everything
knot!
Such a roundabout verification for money in an age where cash is becoming uncommon. It was extremely interesting, though, and I can imagine even further applications. But it made me think of the Blockchain and how much power is required to process these algorithms. I.e. is it worth it?
Indeed! I also want to know more. This is the first time I hear of this verification system.
Is it worth it - well given there is an estimated 220 _billion_ lost to counterfeiting each year in the US alone - uh, yeah, it's probably worth it.
Don't conflate Blockchain with BItcoin, they are not the same thing. What is very inefficient is the whole scheme behind Bitcoin, not the Blockchain part.
FYI, Kadena has solved the crypto trilemma. It is secure, decentralized, and scalable. Every other Proof of Work model is decentralized and secure, but not scalable and comes at a cost of higher energy usage. Every other Proof of Stake model is secure and scalable, but not decentralized coming at a cost of validators with higher stakes receiving more of the rewards and higher chances of validating transactions (the rich get richer and the poor get poorer scheme). Kadena utilizes graph theory bringing together 27 (can be scaled infinitely) PoW blockchains. As such, we get the benefit of it being proof of work that can scale and does not proportionally increase energy usage, in a decentralized manner.
Quantum knots seems like the next evolution as quantum computers become more widely available.
@@YodaWhat The "scheme" is what gives it value and security. A blockchain without any links to real world value would be worthless, as anyone anywhere can easily make a copy of it. The power consumption of bitcoin is exactly the thing that prevents it from being attacked or copied. Sure you could make an exact copy of the blockchain and call it bitcoin 2.0 or whatever, but your blockchain won't have the network and the power consumption backing it, no one will use it.
3:30 this is kinda unclear.
Cant the counterfeiter just copy the serial number? How will the bank be able to tell that there is an copy of that serial number? Unless they know every serial number every person has, which they dont.
And how is that related to knots? I feel like there needs to be a little deeper explaination.
Quantum states cannot be copied. But there's still a bigger problem: historically the largest counterfeiters were governments and banks. This method requires a bank.
@ but i dont understand "Quantum states cannot be copied.".
As i understood it, the serial number is just a "refence" to the quantum state?
So serial "xxxxxx" points to a quantum state in a data base.
But that serial number can exist on a "real" dollar bill and a fake one? no?
My eyes haven't glazed over this much since I last attended a graduate level course in college
As Matt Parker once said: "The unknot is not not a knot, it's a trivial knot"
Interesting hearing about how quantum mechanics might be able to solve a problem that Bitcoin already solved.
💯 This was frustrating to watch.. But at the same time reminded me how early we still are. People don't get it. Still. Maybe next halving... lol 😂
As a furry, I can confirm everything said in this video is true.
sus
Had to scroll way to far to find a comment of this nature
This is the first time I come out from your videos, knowing more but knowing less at the same time😳
The amount of times you said no(or)knot had me cracking up by the end, especially when both were used many times in the one sentance haha
Ether has been renamed to spacetime. See Einstein's quote on ether, he never really disproved ether. Magnetic field is a form of ether vortex. Also dielectric constant of vacuum/space is dielectric constant of ether/spacetime according to physicist Wal Thornhill.
I still think there is an 'aether', but the aether is gravity fields for which electromagnetic fields propagate through.
Bwahahaha
When you figure out how to spend ether or gravity let us know
never heard so many "Not" in a single video. i was definitely KNOT prepared x3
My brain got a Knot because of this video
Finally I’m early
This is knot what I was expecting to watch today.
I feel like the simplest solution is often the best solution especially when applied to these quantum money ideas.
Vikings loved putting knots in their art.
I like how the thumbnail is a trick question, since mathematical knots can't be tied or untied, just discovered.
Omg you do have a video. Thanks. I'm off to go watch it 😂😂
Mathematically I would say, knots are just special graphs.
Looks like me trying to untangle my necklace lol very intriguing
this was a different level
I feel like using this for understanding proteins would be much more useful in the long run.
The best part of this video was when he said *"IT'S KNOTTIN' TIME!"* and knotted all over the place.
This truly is one the videos of all time.
WHAT
owo
James is brilliant
Yes. Pull the knot through one of the loops.
in my country when i fly kites ( i am 15 now) these knots randomly occur in the string that is rumbling on the ground when not in tension.
You can un-knot the unknot to make the unknot unknotted
"If quantum computers get more powerful ,it maybe that we can make the most secure money possible using nuts"
Amazing thumbnail. Textbook play I clicked right on it
...this is nuts!
I'd have to watch this 17 times to get the full idea.
We call luminiferous aether "the vacuum" now, and it has different properties than early physicists thought.
That escalated quickly
So it's a very complex hash function. Pretty cool.
Knot the video i was looking for but cool
Sounds like a quantum checksum.