GI Tract Control: Gastrin, CCK, Secretin, Motilin and Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (Updated Audio!)
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- čas přidán 10. 06. 2020
- In this video 5 hormones will be discussed that play important roles in the regulation of digestion in the Gastrointestinal tract.
This is a reupload of a video I uploaded some years ago, which had a robotic voice as "Voice Over". Because I agreed with the feedback that this was distracting and often hard to follow, I reupload the video now with a better Voice Over. I hope you like it.
Old version of the video: • Control of the GI Trac...
First we will shortly discuss some basic principles. With over thirty different hormones
identified as being produced in the gastrointestinal tract, the gut has been described as ‘the largest endocrine organ in the body’. For the purpose of a correct definition: Hormones are chemical messengers secreted into blood that modify the physiology of target cells. So hormones are not secreted into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, but into the circulatory system, which will transport them to their destination. The definition of a target cell for a particular hormone is a cell that has receptors for that hormone and can thus respond to it.
The endocrine cells within the gastrointestinal tract are referred to collectively as the 'enteric endocrine system'. Some of the best-studied enteric hormones are: Gastrin, Cholecystokinin, Secretin, Motilin and Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, which is also known as glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide. These are the 5 hormones that will be discussed in this video.
Another thing you must realize is the following: in contrast to endocrine glands like the anterior pituitary gland, in which essentially all cells produce hormones, the enteric endocrine system is diffuse. single hormone-secreting cells are scattered among other types of cells in the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine.
1. Gastrin
The primary action of gastrin is: stimulation of gastric acid secretion.
Gastrin is secreted by “G” cells, these are located in the antrum of the stomach (and actually some in the duodenum as well).
2. Cholecystokinin.
Cholecystokinin is the principle stimulus for delivery of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine, hereby stimulating the digestion of fat and proteins.
As mentioned previously, cholecystokinin and gastrin are highly similar peptides. Cholecystokinin (or CCK) is secreted by specialized gut endocrine cells called “I” cells in the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum mainly in response to digestive products of fat, fatty acids, and monoglycerides in the intestinal contents. CCK mediates digestion in the small intestine various functions. It stimulates the acinar cells of the pancreas to release digestive enzymes and stimulates the secretion of a juice rich in pancreatic digestive enzymes.
3. Secretin.
Secretin functions as a type of fireman: in response to acid, it stimulates the pancreas and bile ducts to release a flood of bicarbonate base, which neutralizes the acid, and the secretion of secretin is turned off.
Secretin was the first gastrointestal hormone discovered and is secreted by specialized enteroendocrine cells called “S” cells in the mucosa of the duodenum in response to acidic gastric juice emptying into the duodenum from the pylorus of the stomach. Secretin has a mild effect on motility of the gastrointestinal tract and acts to promote pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate which in turn helps to neutralize the acid in the small intestine.
4. Motilin
Motilin is released cyclially and stimulates waves of gastrointestinal motility called migrating motor complexes, which move through the stomach and small intestine every 90 minutes in a fasted person.
Motilin is secreted by endocrine “M” cells in the duodenum and jejunum during fasting, and the only known function of this hormone is to increase gastrointestinal motility.
5. Gastric Inhibitory Peptide.
It stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner and inhibits gastric acid secretion and motor activity of the stomach.
![Thyroid Gland and Thyroid Hormones - [T3, T4, Thyroglobulin, Iodide Trapping etc.]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/KmPKx-AhYPU/mqdefault.jpg)
2:29 gastrin
6:33 secretin
7:59 motilin
8:52 GIP
Thank you for the real voice.
Best
Ahhh, much better. thank you. Excellent info and graphics.
This is much better than the previous one. Thanks a lot for sharing this video. Can you make another video on enzymes and their functions? Thanks a lot.
I'm working on some new videos at the moment. I'm not sure if I will be making any about enzymes in the near future, but if there is any particular enzyme(s) that you would be interested in, let me know.
You are humble. Thanks for this sir
Thank You Very much 🥺♥️🌸✨
Excellent educational experience
excellent video.
how do we correct this dysfunction ?
i get burning in my stomach.
not heartburn, it’s burning or an irritation of the stomach lining. although sometimes i do feel it in my throat.
i do have candida, but i’ve been suffering from this burning for a year and a half.
is live any “positive” feedback
thank you !!!
Hi. I have these symptoms too. The condition is called irritable bowel syndrome and no,, your stomach lining isn't irritated. Its some sort of overworking of your stomach and intestine due to mainly hormones released in your GI tract due to stress.
What you can do: relax more, avoid high foodmap foods, exercise, and avoid things that get you really stressed.
Princess K. Barry-Chukwu: if that’s true, then i need to get out of here and go on vacation since i haven’t had one in almost ten years.
one problem i have that i do not understand is my stomach hurts and gets really irritated when it’s time to eat.
i looked of il up and i says something about Ghrelin, the hunger hormone, but how would that aggravate my stomach?
if it’s not ghrelin, then what hormone is it, and how do i correct it?
do you or have you had this problem when your stomach is empty or hungry?
the good news is that it used to take a meal to calm my the pain but then i could digest the good and still had burning pain. i still do but less, and it takes just a snack like a nutri-bar to calm my symptoms.
i’d love your help if you know what this is?
thank you in advance
@@ginoasci2876 I wouldn't know for sure by if your stomach gets bloated when you get painful episodes, it's sure really IBS. Food calms it done when it's just starting but when it gets to the advanced stage, food makes it worst especially the wrong foods: chocolates, coffee, alcohol, high fatty foods, high insoluble fiber foods such as cucumber.
The hormone Gastrin and CCK causes the release of gastric juices and smooth muscle contraction when you think of, smell or see food. When anxious or stressed, these hormonal activities are hampered thus the food you eat may not be properly digested and could cause bloating, cramp-like pains and great discomfort. The pain and discomfort could be debilitating.
Try to avoid consuming so much food too much at a sitting. You may choose to eat 3 small meals 6 times a day instead of 3 large meals. Avoid drinking lots of water with meals. Take only sips 20 minutes before and after meals. Avoid carbonated drinks.
I suggest that you meet a doctor as soon as possible who will listen to you explain your symptoms and give you proper diagnosis. He could place you on mebeverine that you take 20 minutes prior to food. You may also need the help of a nutritionist to help you discover your triggers and how to avoid them during flare ups.
Most of all. Try to rest and avoid worrying too much about little things. Everything usually works out at the end (or so I have chosen to believe 😀). Life is short.
Good luck.
@@PrincessNwaneke : yes, certain foods cause a lot of discomfort, but what has been a problem all along is that my stomach doesn't like to be empty, and yet sometimes. I'm ok, and other times it complains.
Supper at 7pm, and a good 16 hours without eating up until about 10am, and once in a while up u ti noon without eating.
I found that radicchio aggravates my stomach a while after I eat it.
Why it doesn't like to be empty is what I'd like to know. I do get bloated a little, caused by to he aggravated stomach, then im burp.
It used to it gets bad enough to cause diarrhea. It's that hunger problem that's the issue.
I'm thinking that the PPI's I took caused my hydrochloric acid pumps to malfunction.
So, now its po producing, or not producing the incorrect amount, or incorrect type of stomach acid, or both.
I say this, because that's what it feels like.
btw.... I've visited my primary many many times, and he's great. Not your typical mainstream doctor.
This guy listens which is unheard of, and he explains how, and why, which most primary doctors usually say "nobody knows", which was the MO of my last primary. I've also had two upper endoscopies, colonoscopy, two barium swallows. CT SCANs, an xray, an ultrasound, and many blood tests. Plus I've paid out of pocket for a comprehensive stool analysis $430, a food allergy test $175, and an OAT $309, I'm sure I'm missing one or two. Not to mention a nutritionist, a chiropractor, and a naturopathic whatever you want to call her, a couple acupuncturists, and massage therapy. Five emergency room visits that were horrible.
What they found are: H. Pylori, Gastritis, ulcerative colitis, dizziness, vertigo, depression, high anxiety, and suspected small hiatal hernia.
I believe that was some blood poisoning mixed in there. I had rashes as well, and a hemorrhoid, and I still have bruxism.
You may not believe this but I had gastritis, depression, anxiety, and vertigo at the same time.
I don't know where else anyone could possibly have gone that I didn't go. I did it all. And multiple times at that.
People kept telling me it was in my head......let's not go there.
In the middle of all this pain my cousin dies.
I forgot about the therapist that was supposed to help with my anger and resentmen, but he only made me angry.
Useless.
Real long story short.....one day I'm fine, the next day I'm not fine at all.
I ask you and anyone reading this...What happened?
Princess K. Barry-Chukwu:
you’re a super kind human being. i thank you very much for your smart advice and kind words.
all the best to you !
it sounds like your talking with your teeth clenched. this isnt much better...bland boring
stop being a b and learn something