BWR Refuling Machine Camera N180-TZ
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- čas přidán 1. 08. 2012
- System design by Ahlberg Electronics AB www.nuclear-cameras.com
N180-TZ is a high radiation tolerant camera designed for permanent mounting on a refueling machine mast.
It features the Ahlberg Color MRAD camera with specially designed electronics and shielding for high radiation environments.
For more information about our Mast Camera, please visit www.ahlberg-electronics.com/pr... - Věda a technologie
My recommended got pretty wild after Chernobyl
You didnt see any graphite on the floor cauz its not there!
Wild... and interesting!
I hear that it's spread all around the planet by now and it could be many months before CZcams recommended returns to safe levels.
@@dariocardajoli6831 not great, not terrible.
@@krashd From 15000 to 3.6?
I love the blue glow of Cherenkov Radiation. It's eerie and amazing.
+Heather Whitehall-Thompson It's one of those things that's beautiful to look at, but when you think about it, you realize just how dangerous it really is.
I agree with you on how dangerous nuclear power is. Still, the blue glow is so pretty.
+Heather Whitehall-Thompson I'm sure he was referring to the glow being dangerous, not the nuclear power itself.
+frachris87 All the pretty things are usually dangerous haha
forgive my ignorance but I thought it was impossible to go faster than the speed of light ????
Oh boy a claw game! i should work here!
Ah, the beautiful blue glow of Cherenkov radiation!
Robert Borchert v
I was stationed on a first generation boomer and to reduce my radiation exposure they put in the refueling enclosre and I got to watch the shipyard workers removing all the modules individually all under 10+' of water and then install the new core in one shot, the black n white pictures in the reactor plant manual didn't do it justice, fortunately I no longer need a flashlight.
Been there! I worked 7 outages as a fuel handler. It was better than a lot of other jobs that go on during outages.
Do fuel handlers work for the plants ? Or is their a specific task force so to speak that travels from plant to plant carrying out and handling ?
@@TheHeatExchang3 Both. GE brought in their team of drivers who were ususally "vessel techs" also. And there were 6-8 of us from plant staff who moved fuel and operated the fuel transfer system.
@@dannywilliamson3340getting my fuel moving cert soon. Maybe I'll be on the bridge with you one day
The blue glow of neutron radiation slowed down before the speed of light is awesome
Ccherenkov radiation shows up when photons are traveling faster than speed of light
It's caused by charged particles (electrons in this case) moving faster than light (light moves slower in water so this is possible)
Perfekte Aufnahme von Tscherenkow-Strahlung und dazu Schlieren von heißer Kernkraftstoft. Bestes Video direkt von Reaktor!
Thank you for uploading this. It's fascinating, beautiful, and eerie.
Fantastic fuel movement. Interesting way of storing the DBG. I did not see the operator pull the FA when loaded in the SFP.
I hear it's equivalent to a chest x-ray
Not even that much. There's several meters of water between you and the core.
Ahlberg...The air is glowing! I say we evacuate the town
Crazy how it glows like that! I would be afraid to put that glowing one next to all the stored ones but they know what they're doing so.
They did everything right
3 years late but they all glow, even the spent ones
Wow, fantastic view. Thanks!
Simply beautiful.
Jesus. The decay heat and the glow!!!!!
Exactly.
How they actually put rod back? On video skipped this moment. I think it's pretty hard to do.
To answer Truthseeker's question the blue glow is called Cherenkov Radiation named after the Russian scientist. it is caused by some of the beta particles emitted by the fuel interacting with the water and extending into blue light spectrum. The other emitted energy and particles are beyond the human eye's ability.
+Reg Robinson Just to add, the cherenkov radiation is like a sonic boom for light. When the speed of a particle in a medium is faster than the speed of light in that medium, the particle will slow down by releasing energy in the form of photons. Just note that the particle still travels slower than c (speed of light in a vacuum)
THX1138, you are entering a critical phase here.
Holy shit... i thought that they stop the reaction to change the fuel... That's one of the most beautiful things I've ever seen
I'm almost certain they do. However, there's a lot of fissile material that is the result of the decay of fuel that continues to emit a lot of neutron radiation even after the chain reaction has stopped, which probably gives off the Cherenkov radiation. (only about 6% of the power output though)
Source: I'm a complete layman, I have no clue what I'm talking about, just guessing.
Ventura 19
There is no nuclear chain reaction going on in this video. What you‘re seeing here is a spent nuclear fuel assembly being removed from a shut down boiling water reactor during its annual outage. The blue glow, which is called Cherenkov radiation, that is being emmited by the fuel assembly is not caused by nuclear fission. It is mainly caused by beta particles (electrons) that are travelling faster than the speed of light in water. The beta particles are being emitted by the radioactive decay products that are left over when an uranium or plutonium atom is split. These decay products, also called fission products, are what makes spent fuel extremely radioactive and their radioactive decay also heats up the fuel.
@@rsedivy2 Actually, it's not neutrons that cause Cherenkov effect. It's the beta particles (electrons) that are being emitted (through beta decay) by fission products.
To get Cherenkov effect you need a particle:
a) having an electric charge (neutrons have no charge) and:
b) traveling at a velocity exceeding the (group) velocity of light in a given medium (here: water). Only electrons can do that.
Yes, the fission reaction is stopped. That means: no more atoms are being split (well... almost). But it's the atoms that have already been split (the ones that remain in the "spent" fuel rods) that undergo beta decay and cause the blue glow.
3:38 so are there single and duel fuel assemblies? or is this some sort of dummy / place holder Assembly?
Always wonder why in the movies, they color it green when it's clearly blue.
David Jimenez because uranium ore is green
@@E9X330 it's yellow actually.
@@TealJosh depend on which type of uranium ore actually
Same reason why toxic sewage is depicted as green when most toxic sewage is yellow or brown. It just looks more menacing.
@@E9X330 So I looked more into it, and torbernite is green, and uranium glass is green and glows green under UV light. That might be where it comes from.
Why i like to work here
1 is like a complicated claw machine
2 It glow blue so is like a blue glow sticks
Effect of Vavilova-Cherenkova is clearly seen. I mean the blue light around fuel bundles. Extremely dangerous but beatiful
Can I use this footage to make a music video?
after Reactor shut down, when is it possible to refuel? I mean after shut down there is high decay of heat, so it can damage the handling device
The reactor is taken to cold shutdown before vessel disassembly can begin. Coolant temperature is maintained at about 120F.
That fuel bundle was hot as hell fire. Not temp. hot but rad hot.
right let me get this strait when the rods are spent they still at critical mass and are still producing radiation as in heat and gamma rays from the small uranium that's left in them still reacting... IF I'm correct in my thinking then how do the nuclear operators know when to swap out a rod? is it when they detect a rod isn't producing the same heat as the rest as in getting cooler? ALSO when they add a new rod to replace the one removed is the new rod in a separate pool full wack at critical mass producing heat and then in water it's picked up by a similar crane and transported into its slot in the core?? OR do they remove all the rods into cooling pools drain the entire water around the core and then a team moves in to fit in all new rods and water is pored in to get the rods at critical mass??
Rods are replaced on schedule, a third of them at a time. Burnout rates can be calculated if you know where did that rod was and for how long, to some good precision even on a piece of paper.
Replacements are done way before full burnout due to effects of fission products on reactivity. This is a common treat of current generation of reactors.
Fresh rods are never stored at critical mass. They're put in a separate pool prior to insertion, and similarly moved by crane.
Does anyone else have a metallic taste in their mouth?
hold up..
Did you use the wrong thermometer again?
Man that bundle is long, it just keeps on going
Amazing.
I love that colour
Question for the science geeks :). How do they know exactly which rods are spent or are they all replaced at once after a given span of time?
Core neutronics simulations will be able to predict burnup of fuel rods. Buildup of fission products give radiation signatures that are also a reflection of burnup. Most PWRs operate in ‘batches,’ where one third of the fuel is removed and replaced. The rest of the fuel rods are moved around to make burnup more uniform over time.
@@ArchangelUltra Cool, Thanks.
They get moved around from the outside to the center then out. The rods are far from truly spent, but are pulled for safety reasons mostly because they can crack open or have unstable reactivity as the isotope composition changes internally.
Cool vid 👍
It is funny how the reloading machine should shake the fuel assembly to densely insert it into reactor. A precision gen. II CANDU deserves.
That's the operator shaking it to make sure it seats fully.
Am I right to assume that the containers are designed or pulled out in a specific pattern to avoid an accidental criticality incident?
By "containers" you mean fuel assemblies? If so, the storage racks have neutron absorbing material built into them, and, in the core, all control rods are inserted during fuel handling. So the reactor is in cold shutdown.
Why the air seems to be flowing around the rods like it's very hot? Or is it air?
+Maloy7800 It's water. The reactor core is underneath about 55 feet of water.
I know they have control rods to control the output of the fuel bundles in the reactor but what stops all those fuel bundles from reacting or doing the nuclear thing when they're stored right up next to each other like where he put that glowing one he took out? Didn't look like there was any shielding between them. Maybe a thin metal wall/container. Or is that all it takes? Are they lead walls between them? Cuz there isn't that in the reactor so makes sense they'd react with each other much easier. Nuclear power is creepy in that sense. The way it glows, and how inserting a rod will stop it. I never understood how only a few control rods could limit the amount or shut down a whole reactor. In my mind I'd think you'd need a rod between each fuel bundle to stop them from reacting with each other. Guess that's why there's smarter people than me making and operating these things. Thanks to anyone who takes the time to tell me about the things I don't understand.
It's all about criticality
My guess is that there are rods in the spent pool that contain control rod material(boron) which absorb neutrons and thus prevent the nuclear reaction.
Borated water
They no longer are radioactive enough and they are not being bombarded with a neutron source. But they need to sit in the tanks for about 2 weeks to cool down. I am sure it's also more complicated than what I said. The frame is likely cadmium to soak up neutrons.
The structural elements of the spent fuel pool racks have imbedded boron. It absorbs all free neutrons so that no chain reaction is possible.
Is this within the core? I highly doubt it is, and I have zero clues on the camera's perspective relative to the reactor
This is the core of the reactor and the spent fuel pool 👍 the camera is mounted to the mast of the refueling machine, 60 or more feet underwater
it sambaing to look at and think about science when you see this i always wonder ho was the one who came up with all this science stuff we have today how long did it take to make this up and how did somebody figure this shit out and be able to actually study and use it.
all hail the cherenkov radiation! IT'S SO BEAUTIFUL
where do the put the spent rods??? I'm guess they still be hot?? how long does it take them to cool down?
They put them in these pools for about 10 years to cool down. Then they put the rods in canisters and ship them in huge concrete buildings to decay the radiation.
They aren't really "still hot," they're well below 100 degrees C assuming the reactor isn't pressurized.
Better description would be "still producing heat" because they're always reacting to some degree.
You can see that they are still very hot, the blue glow they are emitting is Cherenkov radiation. There is a very real reaction happening in the fuel.
Hot can mean ''radioactive'' or hot as in heat... Of course spent rods are highly radioactive , and so, rather hot by themselves due to the decay, but they are not that physically hot even in the reactor, as it is cooled down by the water.
I think that the spent rods contain plutonium due to a chemical reaction. I think....
Why's the camera not picking up bright flecks of radiation bombardment we might observe from other sources ?
It has a receiver that filters out the high energy gamma radiation particles. If it didn't have that filter the radiation would destroy the receiver very quickly.
Ahlberg makes tanks that just so happen to have cameras.
Beautiful
How tall are thise fuel elements?
These BWR types are about 12 feet long.
Came here from Scott Manley "Going Nuclear" series :)
Amazing! I handle the waste!
Excuse my ignorance, Is this rod thing being pulled out glowing from its radiation or is it just a lighting effect. The area all the rods seemed to be in had a peculair glow which I had not seen before. Is this just a normal camera or is it in some way sensitive to radiation. Just curious.
That blue light is the glow of Cherenkov radiation.
I'm pretty sure that blue glow is something you can actually see and is due to radiation. There are other videos of water submerged reactors where you can see it too. I think it might be cherenkov radiation.
This is called the Cherenkov effect its caused when particles (usually electrons) move faster than the speed of light in a medium (in this case water) and interacts with atoms. Exciting them and causing them to release photons which you can see with the naked eye as blue light.
DANOBILL I don't believe you because nothing can move faster then the speed of light. That's one of the laws of the universe.
TheRedBritish nothing moves faster than the speed on light in a vacuum. this video was shot underwater. the speed of light underwater is much less than that in a vacuum, so much less that electrons can exceed it and emit a glow.
The second bundle of two tubes. Are they control rods they are different to the first
first ones are fuel bundles, second one is control rods
I think that the second ones are fuel rods as well. I think that the top part is simply a different design, to be able to refuel 2 elements at the same time. Since this is a BWR, the control rods are inserted from the bottom and dont look like fuel elements. BWR control rods look like a "+" (top down view), not like a square
The 2nd "fuel rod" picked up in this video is called a Double Blade Guide. Their purpose is to keep 2 fuel bundles standing straight up, and not topple over in that cell, since an open cell (top-guide) doesn't have a grid to support them individually. They contain no fuel, and merely act as a place holder for fuel bundles to eventually take their place during fuel shuffling.
Your statement about the control rod blade is correct though!
Reactor Service Technician here. Licensed fuel handler.
HeinrichVonTotenkopf Are startup neutron sources handled just like fuel rods? I'm really curious.
They are fuel assemblies I hear those things can be jerks
isn't it avaible on Amazon?
Yeah, it is available. I just bought it but I don't know why the cops are yelling outside my house
How does this camera block radiation?
ISaachpA lots and lots of shielding
How is the radiation removed from the water? What happens to the water when it changed or flushed out?
Water becames active in only one way, tritium, which is H3 essentially. It is created in very tiny amounts, so small it could be vented into athmosphere, it probably isn't though. Other procuts that can become activeted such as materials from the construction surrounding the fuel rods are filtered out by simple water purifiers. The water itself doesn't ever need to be flushed out, though it slowly evaporates and then more water needs to be added.
@@TealJosh Isn't video about a light-water reactor? Deuterium isn't that good at neutron capture, hydrogen is.
In this reactor water gets enriched with deuterium oxide (heavy water), which is naturally available in all the water around us.
We need more of this lol
Does that wiggle really necessary?
The wiggle allows the rods to go in easily, the more force you exert into the rods trying to push them in, the more resultant force you get from the friction induced in pushing the rods in, wiggling them significantly reduces the friction
The Dyatlov wiggle..
Thanks for asking! No, it's just a reactor made in a way to make operator nervous. Even though the shown process is safe, they could have made fuel rod positioning accurate enough to make rods fit without any wiggle.
man that rod is just glowing blue cause its super hot as in radioactive
Really
Derek Wall wrong
It's Cherenkov radiation. Rods are radioactive af.
So the whole core is underwater the whole time?
Yes
Yes, but in normal operation water level in RPV is lower, at upper part BWR reactors they have steam separator/dryers.
is it still in water
Yes,meverything is done underwater
The two at once that were flopping all over what are those?
Those are hollow shells designed to support control rod and fuel bundles in each cell, called a blade guide
They swing around while moving through the water because they're hollow tubes.....relatively light.
Please explain me why the used rod was glowing from cherenkov radiation, i mean how that was possibile ?
Afterglow, its still emmitting after its been in use. The cherenkov radiation dims down when the fuel stops fission. But even after fission has stopped it will still radiate for a while
@@TGLasers so in these used rods there is some fuel?
@@oskarmiazga1951 This is the radioactive fuel. the rods themselves are the fuel
@@TGLasers i know but aren,t they completly empty after use
@@oskarmiazga1951 No. They are "used up" but theres still alot of fuel left in them. there just inst enough for the power plants to efficiently produce power with them so they are decommisioned before all is fissioned up
I wonder what will happen in the next WWW and obviously types of bombing raids such as Dresden can destroy nuclear reactors?
is water moderator here?
Moderator and coolant. Which means if you lose your coolant, you also lose your moderator and thus the loss of water also means loss of radioactivity. Chernobyl taught us why using Graphite for a moderator and water for a coolant was a bad bad idea.
Awesome
how deep is that water?
Several meters. Generally 2 meters of water is needed for radiation shielding. Due to the length of the rods and the need to hold rods above each other the pool is probably around 10 meters deep. Perhaps a little more.
I work refueling nuclear reactors. The water in the core section is about 55 feet (17.5 meters) deep to the top of the fuel.
The glow is eerie as fuck
That look so early 90s
Wait they get refuled while running?
There is no such thing as stopped reactor. Until it's decommissioned, it's always active. For example, Chernobyl reactors stopped producing electricity in 1999 (13 years after the infamous event), are still in decommissioning phase, and there is still staff on-site.
Visible Cherenkov radiation is due to radiation from reaction products, not fission.
The reactor is in cold shutdown while this is done.
At first I thought this was a “refuting machine” and I couldn’t wait to see it argue.
Nice Checkhov radiation at 1:13
That's not how you spell "Cherenkov", but whatever, you're right.
So how hot is in there?
300°C
@@haphihung658 The video is water container outside the core. It's at a bit higher than room temperature.
How much do thos weigh
you wouldn't be able to get close enough to carry it security would shoot you well before you get any where near the reactor building.
According to Robert Masterson's book on nuclear heat transfer a BWR fuel assembly weighs about 275 kilograms or just over 600 pounds. This is a lot less than one used in a PWR- about 40 percent less- since the fuel spacing in a BWR is larger.
Bet the operator of this machine is good at the claw game.
Very good. From the operator's cab, it's about 70 feet down to the top of the core.
why do they shake those rod bundles, isn't that dangerous?
What would make it dangerous?
@@apillow8724 idk, they could get damaged physically and cause problems. i find it disturbing how they shake them like it's lemonade and not highly radioactive matter.
Aki Ra
I suppose that’s true, but at the speeds involved I find it unlikely that any damage beyond a few dents will occur. The shaking itself seems very negligible. There is a lot of give in the contact between the handler and the fuel bundle. Not so that it can fall, but so that the bundle is free to twist and glide as it does.
I didn’t really notice any extreme shaking in this video, can you point it out to me?
@@apillow8724 they shake them from 5:25, and 2:32 , also there are moments when the bundles are lifted out and they twist around each other, i get scared that they might detach and fall from 4:12 and on. idk maybe i'm just panicky, but it looks too lose to me.
Aki Ra
Yeah, I see what you mean. It certainly does look a lot less rigid than you might expect. I just think it is not that likely that a bundle would detach as a result of such shaking. It’s actually not that intense, it would appear. But still, everyone has a right to be concerned.
Those are some long rods
Said the actress to the group of bishops.
Wait, is that Cherenkov radiation in air or water?
water. You won't see it in air or a vacuum.
@@paulanderson79 oh, you can see it in air... but that means yer fucked
@@Shinzon23 Blue glow in air is ionization of nitrogen and oxygen, not cherenkov radiation.
it feels like I'm getting radiation just by looking at this
Dont worry. It shielded by several meters of water. And water is better at stopping radiation that you would think.
Zypofaeser
Indeed. XKCD did some funny number crunching on this as well. what-if.xkcd.com/29/
+elkwyre You are getting radiation, but not from looking at this. There is a big ball of hot gas in the sky which gives you lots of radiation. The earth itself gives you radiation.
You are getting exposed to radiation by watching this, but mostly not from the kind of radiation that's harmful. Your screen emits photons while gamma rays are photons too, just with a much higher energy then you standart screen can emit.
Additionally you get some actually harmful radiation by just existing (cosmic rays, earths inherent radiation). Funny thing is: you yourself are naturally radioactive (the harmful kind).
Has your face turned suddenly red? If yes, I have bad news for you.
What would happen if operator accidentally pulled used rods above water level? I know the machine is designed to prevent that from happen, I'm just curious about radiation level in the hall emitted by recently used fuel. A sun lotion would not help then? :-)
You'd have a lot of dead workers and a massive problem
The fuel would heat up and start to melt along with the cladding around it. They store hem in the pools for a few weeks to allow them to cool down enough to be transported.It's not so much about the radiation as it is the heat. Three Mile Island is an example of fuel being uncovered resulting in a melt down. They also had a similar problem at Fukushima. Even though they had shut down he reactor, the problem was a loss of water to the storage tanks with the spent fuel.
I was there close to the camera!
thought it'd be the coolest thing to do but I'm ok now 👌😄
is it me or is the fuel rod glowing blue?
it's not just you, they do glow blue
It's called cherenkov radiation. Beta particles from the fission products move faster than the speed of light in water. Those particles create a shockwave of light that appears blue when it reaches your eyes.
+AlexSwesson stfu you don't know shit 😑
Tyreek Foster he's actually right dude
It is Cherenkov radiation but hes wrong about the mechanism. It is produced by Beta particles and it puts the molecules around it in an excited state.
wow the rod is glowing.,
This is Cherenkov radiation
1:26 is this wobbling done in order to make sure the bundle is completely out? 😂
Why is it glowing
Cherenkov radiation. Particles moving faster than light through water.
@@mczenk5095 more accurately entering the water where their speed is low than it would be in a vacuum. (Light travels more slowly in water).
RESERVING COMMENT
FOR NOW WILL OBSERVE MORE
Nigga wut
@@dominator167able dickquod
you can already see the heat in the pool from the rods. without the water there it'd be more radioactive than the sun
+derek wall Not even close.
Jemalacane0 I know the amount of radiation combined with all the planets nuclear waste. its enough to kill all 6.5 million on the planet several million times over
Actually they would be less radioactive without the water, but they would also melt. The water slows down neutrons which creates more radioactivity. Because Hydrogen in the water only has a single neutron it helps reduce the speed of the neutrons which then increases the chance of hitting more U235 atoms and fissioning.
@@colinm3130 yeah that sounds right.
still... everything there is extremely hot that the water seems to distort the light
Yes, it is very hot but not so hot that it instantly boils water. In fact, that spent fuel pool is cool enough for divers to swim in.
@@ShimrraJamaane do spent fuel is where the DU came from?
@@aspopulvera9130 The majority of DU munitions is sourced from the byproduct of uranium enrichment which contains a low percentage of fissile uranium. Some DU is extracted from spent fuel but that is a significantly smaller amount (almost negligible). Here is a WHO fact sheet on DU: web.archive.org/web/20120815092349/www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs257/en/
@@aspopulvera9130 No, DU comes from enrichment. It's "depleted" of U235, which goes into reactor.
I believe those baskets are made of zirconium.
Yeah, it's a zirconium alloy, or industrially known as "zircaloy" cladding around the fuel rods
3.6, not bad not terrible
Give it a rest.
An idiot question: these (old)rod contains plutonium?
Fission products from commercial plants contain traces of plutonium. Less than 0.01%
yes, for a light water reactor, with a burnup of 45 GWj/t
, about 1% of the mass of spent fuel is plutonium
For the rest,
-95% is uranium (with a residual enrichment of about 1% U235)
-For 4%, these are fission products
-For 0.1% minor actinides (Np, Am, Cm...)
All wrapped in a zirconium sheath
@@thefinalfrontier4686 I'm an pure breed lwgr or rbmk
If, although very little, with a nuclear fuel processor spent you can get up to 20% plutonium
damn, you can see it heating up the water
Poor little fuel rod no longer wanted 😞 story of my life too 😋
They are fuel assemblies after it cools down they will be taken to an fuel assembly care center to be checked for injuries if only minor their treated for it if major it will be put down. If there is an explosion 1000s of fuel assemblies will be killed instantly or left to die slowly in their spent fuel pool. Fukushima had 1000s of those poor fuel assemblies tortured and fragmented even had a few of them smashed against the wall with enough force to make it's body explode the fuel assembly's bloody entrails slide down the walls the others scream in horror as their friends are slaughtered there were some survivor fuel assemblies who remember the massacre some of tried to kill themselves when found out the reactors they loved and will never intentionally hurt were dead some of the fuel assemblies were forced to hurt and kill their reactors
@Chernobyl reactor4 😂😂😂
I'd like to give a fuel assembly a forever home, who do I write to?
Nuclear wessles.
I think their in alameda
Chekov
Chekov radiation lol
Don't drop that.
Ok accidently drops a fuel assembly and it gives me an evil look😤👺 me: sorry fuel assembly I didn't mean to. Fuel assembly: snarls and hisses. Me: touches the thing. Fuel assembly: bites and scratches the hell out of my hand and arm. Me: yelling all kinds of cuss words. Fuel assembly: 😁😮
Cherenkov Radiation, completely normal 🤣
You know a Hardened Color Camera is noice when its called *_Rad_* Hardened Color Camera
i wonder if anyone in the world ever drop a fuel rod down in the cooling pool or the reactor !! i guess it is a houston we have a probleme type of deal lol
Everybody knows that without the rods, the chain reaction goes on... How the hell this reactor works? is fully opened, I didnt saw any rod for neeutron control... Can somebody explain me please? I know that the new and fresh fuel, could get contact with air, but the spent no... so the under water, and how the hell they flood the top of reactor! Just dont understand it.
Changing (increasing or decreasing) the flow of water through the core is the normal and convenient method for controlling power from approximately 30% to 100% reactor power. When operating on the so-called "100% rod line," power may be varied from approximately 30% to 100% of rated power by changing the reactor recirculation system flow by varying the speed of the recirculation pumps or modulating flow control valves. As flow of water through the core is increased, steam bubbles ("voids") are more quickly removed from the core, the amount of liquid water in the core increases, neutron moderation increases, more neutrons are slowed down to be absorbed by the fuel, and reactor power increases. As flow of water through the core is decreased, steam voids remain longer in the core, the amount of liquid water in the core decreases, neutron moderation decreases, fewer neutrons are slowed down to be absorbed by the fuel, and reactor power decreases.(wikipedia)
drongomaster so.. in this situation, the power of reactor without the rods is controlled only by weater flow in the core? The water looks very "quiet"... but, Im on the way to complete understand it... I thought that how much more water flow, less is the power, how much less water flow, more power and heat... but... I will check it better. Thanks
Tomakak
I know that, but... I can't see the rods! with out them, the water as moderator, can't deal with the fission alone... If is a PWR, they should be come from top, BWR bottom, but what Im asking basically is... In the reafueling procedure, the rods stay inserted? On PWR the system come from the top of reactor, if the rods are inserted, how they do that?! You know what I mean?
Tomakak
RBMK chernobyl reactor, needs to stay with the rod out, for the reaction increase... The way I understand it, rods nedds to be out of the core for slow the cain reaction. Confused.
me1967100
nuclear bombs, and nuclear reactors... The secret is how simple they are...
It's sad that we haven't switched to molten salt breeder reactors yet, we'd get a much higher yield of energy. Those rods have only used 5% of their isotopes, the other 95% goes to waste, decaying away over thousands of years.
Coniver Divide why does the rest go to waste? Why aren’t they using the full true capacity?
@@Inorbit97 the uranium used in fission reactions is uranium-235, the uranium which is found abundantly in nature is uranium-238, with a tiny proportion of uranium-235 mixed in with it. This uranium 238 is further enriched industrially so that the quantity of uranium 235 in the rods increases. After the enrichment, around 98% of the rod is uranium 238, and 2% Uranium-235. A fuel rod typically has a lifespan of 3 years, over these years the uranium 235 gets used up, and the waste products that are formed make up 5% of the composition of the rod, the rest is all uranium-238, which could be recycled by nuclear reprocessing, but doing so is considered too expensive by the companies which provide the power, thus, the rods are thrown away as nuclear waste and keep decaying and giving off all the remaining energy over thousands of years.
Breeder reactors are not to generate power, but to create fuel. The rrods in these reactors get re-proressed to separate all the isotopes and reuse some for fuel. India, which doesn't have a lot of Uranium, bu a lot of Thorium is using Thorium breeder reactors to make Uranium for their thermal reactors. But the rest certainly does not go to waste. Even the U238 ( reactor fuel is only about 3% U235) can be turned into Plutonium or used for anti-tank bullets.
Yes, and thorium fuel cycle. Why do we waste our time with uranium, when there's abundant thorium that you don't even have to enrich?
The answer to both questions is plutonium production, precisely.
I feel the radiation in my eyes
4:18 "well that's not great, nor horrifiying"
4:21 "puke in front of Politburo"
I think I saw graphite.
No! It's not in there!
This is an LWR. No graphite here.
Are you stupid or did you vice with chernobyl?
Boa tarde! Pra mim é uma honra viu prestigiar seu trabalho, vamos sempre juntos somar e fortalecer nossos objetivos, Conto com você, eu já estou por aqui,,.,