The Next Generation Of Stealth Materials
Vložit
- čas přidán 22. 09. 2023
- ▶ Visit brilliant.org/NewMind to get a 30-day free trial + the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription
In October 2006, A team of British and U.S. scientists had demonstrated a breakthrough physical phenomena, then only known to science fiction; the world’s first working "invisibility cloak”. The team, led by Professor Sir John Pendry, created a small device about 12 cm across that had the intrinsic property of redirecting microwave radiation around it, rendering it almost invisible to microwaves.
What made this demonstration particularly remarkable was that this characteristic of microwave invisibility was not derived from the chemical composition of the object but rather the structure of its constituent materials. The team had demonstrated the cloaking properties of a meta-material.
WHAT ARE THEY
A metamaterial is a material purposely engineered to possess one or more properties that are not possible with traditional, naturally occurring materials. Radiation can be bent, amplified, absorbed or blocked in a manner that far supersedes what is possible with conventional materials.
PROPERTIES OR REFRACTION
The refractive index of a material varies with the radiation’s wavelength, which in turn also causes the angle of the refraction to vary. Every known natural material possesses a positive refractive index for electromagnetic waves. Metamaterials however, are capable of negative refraction.
HOW REFRACTION IS CONTROLLED
Permittivity is a measure of how much a material polarizes in response to an applied electric field while magnetic permeability is the measure of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field. As an electromagnetic wave propagates through the metamaterial, each unit responds to the radiation and the collective results of these interactions creates an emergent material response to the electromagnetic wave that supersedes what is possible with natural materials.
FIRST CONCEPTS
The first mention of the properties of metamaterials was in 1904, with the conceptualization of negative wave propagation by British mathematician Horace Lamb and British physicist Arthur Schuster. Veselago’s research included producing methods for predicting the phenomena of refraction reversal, in which he coined the term left-handed materials.
ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS
From this, the development of artificial dielectrics during the 1950s and 1960s, began to open up new ways to shape microwave radiation, especially for radar antennae design. Artificial dielectrics are composite materials made from arranged arrays of conductive shapes or particles, supported in a nonconductive matrix. Similar to metamaterials, artificial dielectric are designed to have a specific electromagnetic response, behaving as an engineered dielectric material.
FIRST METAMATERIALS
Pendry’s expertise in solid state physics had led him to be contracted by Marconi Materials Technology in order to explain the physics of how their naval stealth material actually worked. Pendry had discovered that the microwave absorption of the material did not come from the chemical structure of the carbon it was made from but rather the long, thin shape of the fibers. He had figured out how to manipulate a materials electric and magnetic response, effectively allowing for a method to engineer how electromagnetic radiation moves through a material.
SUPERLENS
By late 2000, Pendry had proposed the idea of using metamaterials to construct a superlens. Pendry theorized that one could be developed employing the negative refractive index behavior of a metamaterial. However, in practice, this proved to be an incredibly difficult task due to the resonant nature of metamaterials. By 2003, Pendry's theory was first experimentally demonstrated at microwave frequencies, by exploiting the negative permittivity of metals to microwaves.
CLOAKING
Composed of 21 alternating sheets of silver and a glasslike substance, the material, referred to as a fishnet, causes light to bend in unusual ways as it moves through the alternating layers. What made this particularly notable was that it operated on a wider band of radiation than their previous attempts.
FUTURE OF CLOAKING
Despite the ongoing research and relative success with microwave radiation, to date optical cloaking still remains elusive due to the technical challenges of manipulated light within a metamaterial Light moving through materials typically gets absorbed until, at some point, the energy of the radiation falls off, making it a challenge to guide it’s propagation in a useful way.
SUPPORT NEW MIND ON PATREON
/ newmind
▶ Visit brilliant.org/NewMind to get a 30-day free trial + the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription
Love your work, could you please do more work on basic things, spark plugs, turbines, transmissions…….instead of things like stealth that are difficult for the population to understand the science behind it unless they have a doctorate in physics, god bles
YT is AWESOME there's so many channels with so many different creators there's something out there for everyone ☮️
I heard they actually developed the ultimate "stealth" material a few years ago but no one has been able to find it.
What you talking about every Ponzi Bitcoin has been using invisible stealth and virtual reality manipulation to take mom and pop 401k. The bankers use it hide there assets as well.
Lmao I see what you did there😂
Red Groups in Big Tech can take down & delete stuff online that has "National Security Importance."
Lol!
Lol😂
12:00 ngl, kinda blew my mind
we're at the point where we our scientists are basically bug-testers & speedrunners trying to glitch out the engine.
Science is glitch-hunting.. I like that.
Very good analogy of science itself. Because we as humans will never be able to see truth. We're glitch hunters, it's all about the outcome not about truth. I like that analogy 💟🌌☮️
@@eSKAone- wtf does that mean kobe?
for ppl thinking about optical and gamma ray meta material, you'll need structures about as large as the wavelength to work. For microwave it's easy to make cm or mm sized coils embedded in transparent material, but for light you need sub um sized structure, and for gamma rays smaller. These are hard enough to do in large scales on surfaces (think integrated circuits) At some point it'll need to be smaller than molecules.
You can get 600nm gate-length flexible IC's, so I don't think is as far fetched as you might think.
@whatisrokosbasilisk80 sure, but
a. most of the machines you'd use for that are already in chip production
b. none of the end products are suitable for vehicle surface coatings.
quarks it is then
It'll be the coils behind light bending material, not 100% effective but close enough at an achievable price point.
Transistors get down to 50-100nm, it's not necessarily outside the realm of possibility
Future of Stealth:
"Shit, we can't find our airplanes!"
Future of Humans:
Besides stealth it can also teleport. Don’t be surprised if it’s found in Eastern Europe.
They'll just send a tweet out asking the public if they have any info on the missing jet.
Damn. 12 cm is pretty large. I thought it was gonna be something like "we made 4 atoms of lithium invisible"
Meta material stealth for visible light will almost certainly be too difficult to get working. Maybe they’ll work in environments where all the light is of a single wavelength (e.g. infrared spotlights at night), and it might even be possible to spoof thermal cameras, but there’s almost a factor of two across the visible spectrum. Just like with anti-reflective coatings, you need to stack them to cover the whole visible spectrum, and that’s a simple case where light is just reflected. To have meta material stealth working on both red and blue light, you’ll need seperate lenses, and to somehow prevent the red lens from bending blue light and vice-versa. You also need to keep the structure extremely rigid, the thermal expansion of a jet aircraft will change the outside by millions of wavelengths which I suspect will also impact stealth.
But targeting specific radar bands, that’s definitely possible.
"Man will never fly"
@@marcalvarez4890just having a cloaking dome would be impressive
I think this kind of technology will see most of its use in the near future on spacecraft. Right now, these structures are too delicate and expensive to be put in vehicles going into combat but are perfectly fine in the near-vacuum of LEO or anything further.
I’d imagine it would make it much easier to hide spy satellites from enemy detection and make it possible to hide the deployment of actual weapons in space, something that is currently illegal from my understanding. Hiding the launch itself would be another challenge but you could just have a normal communications satellite deploy smaller vehicles equipped with this cloaking technology.
@@marcalvarez4890 It’s true, it’s physically impossible for us to fly without aid.
as long as its not impossible then difficulty is irrelevant to me
its pleasing to know someone later down the line will have a cloaking suit
I can’t stop imagining “what if we can build a meta material capable of completely deflecting Gamma radiation !”. It would make protecting people and objects from the most dangerous forms of radiation much easier
It all depend upon creating stable structures smaller than the wavelength you're trying to manipulate. And there is the problem: the wavelength is smaller than a single hydrogen atom.
Hulk will not like your idea
I wonder, it being described as a lens like well if it like lens it a len, and what do lenses do best, the take sourse and project over a distinct, and stronger more condenses form, than the source? 9/11 and one of the off wall, thing was the two tower where, hit with laser, and as normal it was quickly demisted as imposable to, do, but yet, here we are, being showed, something invented in 1999, as lens for essence focusing radiation into concentrated focal point of energy? and if used with a nuclear bomb would leave nuclear bomb evidence as of the bomb itself was some where else faraway posable in space or something?
@mennovanlavieren3885 they said this was back in 2006... with a trillion dollar budget every year, not including the black budget, who knows what's possible
@@mennovanlavieren3885gonna have to use only densely packed quarks then 😏
Title should be the history of meta-materials.
Metamaterials are the starting point for everything we see in scifi from FTL to cloaks and shields.
How would they help us achieve ftl?
I love the evolution of material science. It's giving us a greater insight into our surroundings and our environment. Nature, physics, chemistry. It's fascinating.
The future of stealth will be when a 85 million dollar aircraft flies by itself after the pilot ejects. O wait.... That happened already.......
Haven't heard of this yet,
Can you share a link?
@@Buildings1772It was all over the news all week...
How does that have anything to do with stealth though?
@@Runmeerkat A plane flying by itself, undetectable? Sounds stealthy to me..... Besides, it was sarcasm.
Poor decisions at the programming level. When to pilot ejected the system should have at least, turned on it's squawk box.
Thanks for another awesome upload mate!!!
I feel like this episode was made just for me.
Thank you wholeheartedly.
This science was announced when it was in its infancy years ago and then it went all black. Very little heard about since then. That makes me think that they’ve been exploring every possible military use for a long time now.
If its gone silent then they have figured it out and moved to another different problem or another projects. They dont go silent for no reason
@@atiagooqkinguliaalu4027the same thing happened with antigravity around the 60s 70s and people think it just went nowhere but it went black as well
@@ChillCat665do you have some way I could find new about these antigravity reports? They sound fascinating to read!
@@ChillCat665I looked into it, it’s just some press stuff the us threw out. I’m don’t think this stuff is real.
There's two major issues (one that was mentioned). The bending of EM radiation around the cloak makes it impossible for the object within the cloak to observe the outside world (mentioned) making it only good for hiding an object and not much else. The other problem is wide frequency application. Everything is detectable at some portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (or lack thereof) from RF, visible, infrared, UV, X-ray, Gamma. Can't bend the entire EM spectrum simultaneously.
True invisibility would be really cool tho
Excellent video very well done 👍🏾
Pretty cool research and great video but it seems to me this is going to be really challenging to make something practical that can cover a large bandwidth just like anti-reflective coatings on optics have a limited bandwidth. If you can't make the meta material work at all frequencies, then the counter measure is to have radars and lidars that are either chirped or cover different spectrum's. And with the new emerging technology of frequency combs, the meta materials might already be behind.
What I'm thinking of is either fractal structure or variable reactive structure
The fact this is out there means they’re kilometers beyond where we think they are
10:20 i think the BGM used here is similar to 'scary interesting' channel, my mind switch to 'cave diving gone wrong' for a moment 😅
Not just me then, that explains the feeling of dread I experienced. Mind you many cave divers a stealthy, in that they seem to disappear on a regular basis.
It's definitely the same background music, almost immediately recognizable.
I was looking forward to this, but couldn't see a damn thing
Though it was a highly informative video, I hoped to learn about some recent advancements in this area in addition to the history!
Fascinating, so many buzz words, double negative left hand split ring super lens Pendry resonator. I want one.
soooo concise
Now just imagine how cool some of the breakthroughs the military currently exploits might be. Near trillion a year doesn’t go nowhere
Here is all the energy waves! That's great starting 😁
Optical cloaking is done by manipulating the remitted photons through a plasma/plasmoid. I have seen it twice. From underneath it looks like the outline of the cloaking object pinwheels into nothing, from the side it simply vanishes as you look at it.
You’ve seen it twice? What specifically about plasma is required for optical cloaking? The magnetic field of a plasmoid makes sense to me but not why plasma is involved
I remember reading about something related to several project involving military research into 'cloaking fabric' in the late 90s, to which MIT later produced a very small sample of electrified filament that had stealth properties. Shortly thereafter, cellular phones of the day nixxed the extendable antennas in favor of fractal antennas embedded into the backplates. How much one influenced the other, if at all, is hard to say, but an interesting footnote in technology nonetheless.
Very educational
What would happen if you put a microwave source under these cloaking shields? Because another thing that could be done with these is shielding from light and or passive radiative cooling, one of the big hurdles for passive radiative cooling is having less heat come in than is going out, well if you could make something that was a fairly wide band invisible shield in the high microwave mid ir range, you could put something that emits within that range to make something that passively cools.
Maybe you can solve that problem (invisibility) by way of flowing the refracted light and issuing it on the other side of the body.
Another way to do it is to make a pixelated display covering, which displays, using camera capture, what's on one side onto the other side of the body.
Like in "PREDATOR".
It always seems it would be much easier to use metamaterial techniques to hide submarines from sonar than aircraft from radar or, even worse, objects from visible light.
this was so stealth i did not even see it 👀
Meta materials is just like fusion, forever a few decades away.
Why? Aren't CPUs metamaterials?
@@grekiki no, they arent
No
Lol
There's already a bunch of metamaterials with practical use
Not cost effective yet but it'll get there eventually
And also there's a lot of metamaterial components in a computer chip
@@SBImNotWritingMyNameHerefusion also already exists too they’ve been able to do it for decades. There are even fusion reactors you can build in your garage
Doesn’t mean it will be commercial
Fusion already exists, babe
Took me a little bit to figure out why the narration and video weren't carching with me... FULLY explaining AS you go... Script is killing you in the water! The "wow" or "why I should care" is DOA... The term has always been "Show and Tell" - Put on the show, then go back and explain! Hook - then Sink your point! For those already hooked - they wouldn't see this obstruction/obstacle I am! This is a good video - but it should and could be an awesome one!
wonder if half wavelength uv superlensing could be used in chip fab, or if euv tech is already beyond its usefulness.
I'm guessing this will be implemented long before any practical cloaking.
The problem is that EUV is too short of a wavelength to be efficiently redirected by basically anything, as nearly everything absorbs 13.5nm light.
Giving Ben from applied science few years to tackle this x)
Throw some Tech Ingredients collab in there and we have some DIY stealth cloaking paint.
The complexity skyrockets, but I'm curious if a solution to the radiation fallout issue for visible light could be mitigated by making the cloaking "active", allowing it to energize or amplify the radiation on its way back out.
I hope this makes it into the new 6th Gen fighter aircraft like the two NGAD programs. Maybe it already made its way on to the B-21 Raider?
Shhhhhhh
There's an early Italian (if I recall correctly) made plane prototype that used some of the same tech/electrogravitic properties and lattices certain modern military planes may or may not use to increase their propulsion/lift
Bravo goldstar well done
Nice video and presentation.
Meta material is an elegant title also discriminative, against competitions on lucrative defense research funding. Shutting off those armchair researchers.
The armchair version is:
1. Two, parallel, plane waves meeting face to face in opposite phase can neutralize together totally.
2. A dipole resonator stimulating by radar plane wave can reradiate wave back in opposite phase offering neutralization but total because it was not plane wave but spherical.
3. We needs a returning parallel plane wave. How? Install dipole array covering the stealthy metal object.
Caveat?
4. The array must install on fuselage surface and not suitable on metal airplane.
5. Resonator are narrow bandwidth by nature otherwise they don’t resonate effectively and the return phase and amplitude are compromised.
6. If we don’t know the wavelength enemy radar use this scheme is less or non effective.
7. Classical radar are single wavelengths make this scheme work if we match the enemy’s wave length.
8. Modern radar don’t use single wave length. Instead it chirps, ramping wavelength up and down rapidly have made this scheme out of date.
Investors must learn that.
I wonder if a compare and contrast with solar energy projects will find a way to contain radiation sources like gamma rays rendering certain aspects of nuclear fission and/or fusion projects safer.
This material is based on the screen window of your microwave oven.
Do you know what company I can buy this from ?
The nanoone1000 is a machine that can make these metamaterials. But I guess it’s a secret…
this is magic. this is literally magic, what you are talking about is magic. *our worship of materials has given us access to materials beyond conventional materials.*
Seems to possibly explain the mirrored fighter jets we are seeing.
These Meta Antenna can beam steer in direct energy weapons based on pulse laser & high voltage in air plasma channel connections to the target or adversary.
I wonder if there's anyone behind that square of image compression?
3:36 I bet Winston E. Kock didn't have a fun time in school 😅 Uninteresting fact: "kock" is also the Swedish word for chef.
Great, proof of work concept.
One would think, AI navigation would be the solution, whilst cloaking the vehicle, aircraft, ship or satellite.
What are the most interesting near term applications for metamaterials?
Real engineering also did a vid on the F35 which shown some things about stealth i never knew until the day it came out
Imagine all the stuff they're not publishing
@@andrewferguson6901exactly I want that knowledge seriously. I could need it for the stealth I need for my ship in my future sci-fi series I'm working on right now.
I imagine by extending the inner workings of structural color in living organism (like butterfly wing), visible frequency metamaterial will eventually be achieved
Do you mean like Lexus's structural blue paint? Thats been a thing since 2018
So far, do metamaterials work passively or can they exhibit wackier properties if they consume power?
I believe they're meant to be passive, the composition providing the novel effect. But I imagine running electricity through some materials could also have interesting effects. Would be cool to see!
I did an experiment on that but I only ended up with with a cylinder instead of a suit
Perfect for shielding from cosmic radiation. For every parasol on Mars.
Anything shown on CZcams is at least 100 years out of date obviously
If a material has negative refraction, does that mean light actually goes FASTER than in a vacuum?
"...and Claude Rains was the invisible man."
what can this do for microscopes
10:07 Scary interesting... 😏
These split ring resonators look exactly like some crop circles.😮
Unfortunate that gravitational waves can’t be manipulated in the same way that electromagnetic waves can
Metamaterials for propulsion is where things get interesting.
Care to elaborate?
@@nahometesfay1112 there’s different possibilities, but to start NASA has been testing metamaterials to replace large thrusters and current ion engines used on deep space missions.
@@12time12 are they some kind of acoustic meta material that direct the thrust more compactly than existing nozzles and bells?
So no negative material but plasma collector instant discharge not able to have anything to hold it in emf goust field except an excited recapture coil?
Electrc generator or earth like plasma or lighting or northern lights sparked telegraph worked without battery Carrington event?
Medium of transfer space God said let there be light wave atmosphere to particle ? It divided the day from night ,so what's up pulls out streches forth the heavens like a tent and what's up must come down
You might need to put pull on outside and spin inside material or both and multilayer gear up flywheel nort south or sandwich spin center motor generator or collector and or like similar to let earth spin recoil dampning no motor mount he hangeth the earth upon nothing
I just noticed earth is the eye or the eye is earth front view did or side view front as light strikes they missing particle design they used oblong half round ,ball and convex , light to wave eye radiation or gamma Ray satalite dish , not but also xray tube tv cathode Ray gun but in vacuum tube transform transistor light particle back to wave absorbed and tuned tuning forks communication picked up like walki talki
Had anyone tried electrc motor in vacuum case ? Improve efficacy? Besides electron plasma ? Discharge back where we started
This was kind of meandering, would have liked to see a built up of complexity ending in real world applications.
coooooooooool
So if you actually did cloak yourself with this technology you would not be able to observe out through the cloak? So its double sided then? Thats a wild thought. If you ran that through sc fi you'd have to make it so your craft track speed relative to distance or time while cloaked, you'd have to pre program the rout in and AI would be like those R2 Droids mapping out a path for you to take flipping in and out of cloak w/ each change of direction. The give away would be you making that change and another ai predicting where you will be to make an impact. Rock sizzors. Neat concept. Its not a huge deal if you have bombers with that, they would conceivable not need to de cloak they would know where they were dropping the bombs on target on time to land un molested at their base back home.
12 triquetra in every plane of a Chi Rho would give unique capabilities?
Do you want a Resonance Cascade? Because that's how you get a Resonance Cascade.
The most important problem to solve once you have superpowers, is what can be done with them.
If meta materials can do it with microwaves can it also do it with radio waves? Just making sure.
Yes, just make it bigger. Search for example: Log-periodic antenna.
@@mennovanlavieren3885 link if you could please
Meta-yagi
i thought the thumbnail was a heated golf ball
Interestingly, i found you via the Yo-Yo video, which you didnt mention, and seems to be blowing up right now
This is about as doable as using a Jupiter worth of energy a second to bend space-time
I'm gonna be that guy; could meta materials be used to manipulate "gravity waves"?
I like how public scientists think they know as much or more than the military.
Trust me when I say that just about anything like this, the military knew about 30 years before.
Magic is just science we don’t understand yet
Mankind has a nasty habit of thinking once we can measure something we can control it
@@godlugner5327 I mean, we keep pushing the limit further and further. Besides, it’s only a nasty habit when the wrong people use tech for the wrong reasons. Such as war.
imagine people using x-rays or gamma rays as a radar cause radars won't work
microwave invisibility is pointless nowadays for concealing large mobile weapons platforms (fighterjets and bombers)
since invisibility at other spectral wavelengths have not been successfully achieved, making all weapons platforms still visible to location detection by modern sensory monitering systems
glitter mystery solved?
Does a faraday cage count as a meta material ?
most of these are faraday cages. The problem is that we cant produce common faraday cages for very small wave lengths. But I think if you layered multiple cages, where the previous layer works as a lens to manipulate the wave for the next layer you could probably make some cool absorbing materials. That is what I gained from this, but this is not my main field.
@@OrIoN1989 Thanks ! I think I need to go watch a something on faraday cages now. Because it sounds like they are more sophisticated than I originally thought .
@@KANJICODER I am trying to figure out some cool new designs my self. I think the "invisibility cloak" is bs. It may work in some spectrums, but I think there is some very cool stuff like maybe new antenna designs, radars or "cameras" you could make. Also making it like a traditional faraday protection cages too. Maybe EMP protection.
@@OrIoN1989 Do you belong to any "Maker Spaces" ? There are always people at these things starting small companies. Sounds like you should look into it if you aren't already part of that scene .
@@KANJICODER I have a local makerspace, but yet to start any cool projects there. I will join and make some prototypes there soon.
B-21 Gen 6 stealth bomber & information reconnaissance by Northrup Grumman for the Pentagon & USAF respectively for only $700 million each // utilizes some Meta Steal / Cloaking / Jamming / & Signal Intelligence -- technologies using meta arrays baked directly into the skin of the aircraft's carbon fiber surfaces - to radically reduce its radar signature, but also for active optical cloaking & infrared blocking & other nifty new emerging stealth features //
I hope with AI it can run research and simulations etc to help create new machines with more efficiency
They developed Harry Potter's magic cloak
This is a re-upload!
to think this way of thinking and manufacturing has never been seen before. not replicated in nature so there is very little guidance, and only limited by current technoology!
12:53 what?
If they can do that with microwaves does that mean they'll be able to shift the tech to visible light spectrum?
Since when do so many commenters present their doctoral dissertation in the comments section of CZcams?
Padilla is pronounced pa-DEE-yuh btw.
You won't be able to steal again
Wait tell the Romulans hear about this
and i thought meta materials are made of selfies and pictures of pets on Facebook/Meta
padilla is pronunced "padiSHa"
Damn I’m dumb
Who cares about stealth with unmanned vehicles. Especially when war is revenue. That is residual income lol
NO LAND BUILD ☔
ol was found by a Russian mathematician at the 50s