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New Mind
United States
Registrace 12. 09. 2018
For most of us, our average day is an experience unlike any other in human history. The world we interact with and engage with is a culmination of millennia of curiosity, probing and discovery. The story of how we got here, the layers of seeking and exploration; that are too often displaced as a triviality of life, is a massive part of the human story.
New Mind is a celebration of that journey; the telling of slivers of that human story. Each composition is a careful telling of a slice of our technological world, exploring not just the “how it works” but the evolution of the why - the series of historical events that made it this way.
New Mind is a celebration of that journey; the telling of slivers of that human story. Each composition is a careful telling of a slice of our technological world, exploring not just the “how it works” but the evolution of the why - the series of historical events that made it this way.
The Science Of Cutting
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This exploration of cutting technology spans from prehistoric stone tools to modern computer-controlled machine tools, tracing how this fundamental concept has shaped human civilization and continues to evolve today.
The story begins in prehistoric times, with the first evidence of sharp tools dating back 2.6 million years. Early hominids used crude stone "choppers" to cut meat and work with wood, empowering them to create more advanced implements. The science of cutting involves separating materials through highly directed force, with the cutting tool needing to be harder than the material being cut.
The Bronze Age marked a revolution in cutting technology, as humans transitioned from stone to metal tools around 6000 BC. Copper's low melting point made it ideal for early metalworking, and the discovery of bronze alloys created harder, more durable cutting tools. This period also saw the rise of metallurgy, the study of metals' physical and chemical properties. Crystal lattice structure, dislocations, and grain boundaries are key concepts in understanding metal behavior. Techniques like alloying, heat treatment, and work-hardening improve metal properties for specific applications.
The Iron Age brought further advancements with improved furnace technology enabling iron smelting. Bloomeries produced workable iron by hot-forging below melting point, while blast furnaces increased production, creating cast iron for structural use. Puddling furnaces later allowed the production of wrought iron with lower carbon content.
The dawn of the Steel Age marked a turning point in cutting technology. Steel combined iron's strength with improved workability, and innovations like the Bessemer process and Open Hearth method made steel production more efficient and affordable. This led to the rise of industrial giants like US Steel, the world's first billion-dollar corporation.
Machine tools evolved from early developments like the bow lathe and water-powered boring mill to Maudslay's revolutionary screw-cutting lathe in 1800. Eli Whitney's milling machine in 1820 enabled mass production, and by 1875, the core set of modern machine tools was established. The mid-20th century saw the introduction of numerical control (NC) for automation, followed by computer numerical control (CNC) machines in the 1970s.
Advancements in cutting tool materials played a crucial role in this evolution. High-speed steel, introduced in 1910, addressed the limitations of carbon steel by maintaining hardness at higher temperatures. Carbide tools, developed from Henri Moissan's 1893 tungsten carbide discovery, combined extreme hardness with improved toughness. The manufacturing process of cemented carbides impacted tooling design, including the development of replaceable cutting inserts. Exotic materials like ceramics and diamonds found use in specific high-speed applications and abrasive machining.
Looking to the future, emerging non-mechanical methods like laser cutting and electrical discharge machining challenge traditional techniques. Additive manufacturing (3D printing) poses a further challenge to traditional subtractive processes. Despite these new technologies, mechanical cutting remains dominant due to its versatility and efficiency, with increasing automation and integration keeping it relevant in modern manufacturing.
From the first stone tools to today's computer-controlled machines, cutting has shaped the world in countless ways. As humanity looks to the future, the principles of cutting continue to evolve, adapting to new materials and manufacturing challenges. This journey through cutting technology offers insights into a fundamental process that has driven human progress for millennia, appealing to those interested in history, engineering, and the intricacies of how things are made.
SUPPORT NEW MIND ON PATREON
www.patreon.com/newmind
This exploration of cutting technology spans from prehistoric stone tools to modern computer-controlled machine tools, tracing how this fundamental concept has shaped human civilization and continues to evolve today.
The story begins in prehistoric times, with the first evidence of sharp tools dating back 2.6 million years. Early hominids used crude stone "choppers" to cut meat and work with wood, empowering them to create more advanced implements. The science of cutting involves separating materials through highly directed force, with the cutting tool needing to be harder than the material being cut.
The Bronze Age marked a revolution in cutting technology, as humans transitioned from stone to metal tools around 6000 BC. Copper's low melting point made it ideal for early metalworking, and the discovery of bronze alloys created harder, more durable cutting tools. This period also saw the rise of metallurgy, the study of metals' physical and chemical properties. Crystal lattice structure, dislocations, and grain boundaries are key concepts in understanding metal behavior. Techniques like alloying, heat treatment, and work-hardening improve metal properties for specific applications.
The Iron Age brought further advancements with improved furnace technology enabling iron smelting. Bloomeries produced workable iron by hot-forging below melting point, while blast furnaces increased production, creating cast iron for structural use. Puddling furnaces later allowed the production of wrought iron with lower carbon content.
The dawn of the Steel Age marked a turning point in cutting technology. Steel combined iron's strength with improved workability, and innovations like the Bessemer process and Open Hearth method made steel production more efficient and affordable. This led to the rise of industrial giants like US Steel, the world's first billion-dollar corporation.
Machine tools evolved from early developments like the bow lathe and water-powered boring mill to Maudslay's revolutionary screw-cutting lathe in 1800. Eli Whitney's milling machine in 1820 enabled mass production, and by 1875, the core set of modern machine tools was established. The mid-20th century saw the introduction of numerical control (NC) for automation, followed by computer numerical control (CNC) machines in the 1970s.
Advancements in cutting tool materials played a crucial role in this evolution. High-speed steel, introduced in 1910, addressed the limitations of carbon steel by maintaining hardness at higher temperatures. Carbide tools, developed from Henri Moissan's 1893 tungsten carbide discovery, combined extreme hardness with improved toughness. The manufacturing process of cemented carbides impacted tooling design, including the development of replaceable cutting inserts. Exotic materials like ceramics and diamonds found use in specific high-speed applications and abrasive machining.
Looking to the future, emerging non-mechanical methods like laser cutting and electrical discharge machining challenge traditional techniques. Additive manufacturing (3D printing) poses a further challenge to traditional subtractive processes. Despite these new technologies, mechanical cutting remains dominant due to its versatility and efficiency, with increasing automation and integration keeping it relevant in modern manufacturing.
From the first stone tools to today's computer-controlled machines, cutting has shaped the world in countless ways. As humanity looks to the future, the principles of cutting continue to evolve, adapting to new materials and manufacturing challenges. This journey through cutting technology offers insights into a fundamental process that has driven human progress for millennia, appealing to those interested in history, engineering, and the intricacies of how things are made.
SUPPORT NEW MIND ON PATREON
www.patreon.com/newmind
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As the lead mechanical design engineer for a large tech company, this video gets me GOING. On the machine screw level I can tell threads by eye. What amazing history lead to what I use. I can take surface to edge angle / distance, plane to plane measurements and validate fasteners for use with a couple clicks using CAD. What a time to be alive :)
7:55 Cast iron has a higher carbon content than steel so it isn't really "low carbon"
More precise title: The history of cutting
Scripts and general lessons on this channel seem alright, but visuals are often so far off from the context, they detract from what you're trying to teach and sometimes directly feed into stereotypes and myths. Wrong timeframes, (often off by hundreds of thousands of years,) and hilariously wrong artifacts/archeological sites make what you're saying downright confusing. Make a podcast, or get a research and continuity intern to actually put relevant visuals to your script, please. you have the following to teach real stuff, don't just cram the video aspect of things full of the first pictures and videos you find from a google search.
a must watch for all materials and mechincal engineering students
Great video!! Earned my subscription
At work, we use solid diamond knives to prepare amd collect resin sections with repeatable thickness of tens of nanometres. But it looks way less cool than it sounds.
This video started strong with the history of cutting. Then it turned into content fill.
The topic of the video is something that you would never really think the history about, but it’s actually quite in-depth
Aliens will visit mars, find cut off zip ties and automatically assume electricians were there before they were
Based on thumb nail i thought we were talking about cutting our wrists. Never watched this channel but i subbed👍
You got the emphasis on the wrong syllable... The 'N' in CNC, "Numerical" is pronounced as nu-mer-i-kal, not noom-ra-kal. Otherwise, nice work! I enjoyed this one 👍
developed in ancient times and still used by depressed emo teens
Excellent video, I learned a lot. Just wanted to point out that the reason why the discovery of the basic Bessemer process (using alkaline minerals for refractory lining) cut costs so much. As you said it allowed for the use of phosphorous-containing iron ores in steel-making. Phosphorous is a very common contaminant in iron deposits, and thus most deposits were unavailable for exploitation because the phosphorous contaminant would have rendered the steel brittle and useless. The cost of steel dropped when we no longer had to mine phosphorous-free ore (which often also has low iron content).
I poured Grey and Ductile Iron at Sather Manufacturing in Everett Washington State for good old Jody 😅 ahww awww and I loved it. I was doing Shakeout. We clamped molds for about an hour and we tapped out. We would pour from a Ladle weighing 1000# and carrying 3000# of bright orange almost yellow molten Iron and poured the molds we just clamped. After doing 9 Heats the first poured Castings were cool enough to shake out and not warp. We put them in the next room over with a power overhead crane. I started work at 11 am and didn't get to go home until All the molds we poured we're shook out and the sand shoved in the corner of the shop to be used to make tomorrow's molds. With a Bobcat Skid Steer 😏 I had so much fun and blasting a manhole cover hanging from the chain and knock off the sand with sludge hammer's was the highlight 🙂❣️🇺🇲🖖 9:04
i kinda laughed at myself for watching this 🤣 we men are quite strange.
is this script in part written by ChatGPT ? (no hate here)
i just wonder how they figured out wayyyyy back then, that you could melt and how to melt copper
Pretty sure I saw this video years ago. Did you credit everyone you stole content from?
a better title could have been "the science and history of cutting". great vid, pretty interesting
They used their teeth before tools.😊
Well narated thank you very much
why the bass tone in the back as audio ? the video doesn't need that
the bronze age? I know him
SAAB was amazingly innovative for such a small car manufacturer. A pity it had to come to an end.
We don't want pure GDI.... go away!
Thanks for the video, unofrtunately there are so many adverts from CZcams - is there another platform we can watch this content on?
I think this cannot be achieved unless al cars can be mapped in a grid. The system has to be aware of every single car in its vicinit,as any rogue vehicles cannot be predicted. The on top of that, another system to confirm and detect other threats.
the science of metals??
Loved the video. I didn’t know what I was getting into and it has been illuminating. Thank you.
Doesn't PVD stand for plasma vapor deposition at least in the technology industry it does
Title is wrong should be called the history not the science
Wow- this is like 1/3 of my materials science 101 class, minus the math.
Sadly, the actual science of cutting was hardly touched on, the thumbnail or the things it represents is not discussed.
Finally, a video for us goths
On atomic level we break the material not cut
I haven't watched this yet, but I still haven't been explained why, cutting a brake rotor on an ammco does not produce the same finish of a the original machine? Yes I know that the ammco style system uses negative rake, but surely the finish can't be that dissimilar. Is it due to the heating and carbon disposition into the iron?
I have a gigantic 3D printed CNC i desgined, so this was fun to watch 🙃 i can cut wood, plastics, aluminum, brass, amd copper. Its really cool to see how far we have come and how fast we are moving.
Emo music intensifies.....
Ion sensing was invented by Swedish company SAAB in the early 90s where every SAAB car features the technology since the Saab 9000 T5
A bone to pick. Before the bronze age and after the stone age was the copper age. Copper actually overlaps the stone age because copper can be found naturally in it's elemental form as native metal. Further, copper can be refined from ore using stone age materials. The development of alloys necessarily had to come _after_ the development of ore refining.
Does this apply to foam manufacturing in footwear mid and outsoles?
Didn't know CNC was around in the mid-50s. Always thought it was a late-70s invention for no reason other than naivety Insane to follow the path from bone, flint, and charred wood to vapor-deposited tool inserts that cost more than my car
While this is an interesting and well produced video, the thumbnail and title are very misleading.
20 minutes about cutting, without once using the words "knife", "scissors", "axe" or "blade". This was more of a history of cutting metals, but there are a lot of other meterials that humans cut: Hair, leather, wood, plastic, fabrics, minerals... This video is misleading.
mang. uh. neez.
This video uses "man" to mean people. My daughter won't watch it. Please get with the 21st century.
This channel is amazing. They take a totally mundane topic and make it fascinating. Thank you!
Thanks for not being silly garbage like a lot of other educational channels these days
..."create cast iron, a low carbon and..." What??