When Dinosaurs Chilled in the Arctic
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- čas přidán 23. 06. 2020
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All told, the Arctic in the Cretaceous Period was a rough place to live, especially in winter. And yet, the fossils of many kinds of dinosaurs have been discovered there. So how were they able to survive in this harsh environment?
Thanks to Nathan E. Rogers for the really great reconstruction of Nanuqsaurus. Check out Nathan's work here: 252mya.com/gallery/nathan-e-r...
This video features this paleogeographic map: Scotese, C.R., 2019. Plate Tectonics, Paleogeography, and Ice Ages, CZcams video: • Scotese Plate Tectonic... .
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
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References: docs.google.com/document/d/1w... - Věda a technologie
Hey Eons viewers--you may be scrolling down to the comments to ask what's going on with the °F side of our thermometer graphics in this video. And we're not sure what happened either! But we are sorry for the error. To clarify:
‣The mean annual temperature in the Cretaceous Arctic was 6.3 °C / 43.3 °F.
‣The mean annual temperature in the northernmost parts of Alaska is -12 °C / 10.4 °F.
‣The mean temperature in the warmer months of the Cretaceous Arctic was 14.5 °C / 58.1 °F
‣The winter temperature in the Cretaceous Arctic could drop to -10 °C / 14 °F
Press F for respect
F
F
At 5:37 minutes in, I can see/hear that you are fans of Ennio Morricone & John Carpenter. 😜
Seriously though, this show has been so educational for me over the past several years now... Honestly, I really do love learning about this type of stuff, so wanted to thank you all for continuing to make episodes on it. 🥰
As a motion graphics animator, I understand. Technical details like this are often left up to the artist to fill in with placeholders. The expectation being that someone will correct it during the review process. But sometimes the people reviewing never question it and incorrect information falls through the cracks.
I didn't know I needed a snow camouflaged dinosaur until now.
well it makes sense all arctic animals have snow camouflage especially the land ones and semi aquatic ones like the babies of seals being white colored
Yes.
That is the coolest looking thing ever.
I swear if that yutyrannus kills my level 150 rex
@@firegator6853 how do they absorbe warm if they were cold blood?
Imagine, it’s cold, dark, snowy as heck and you’re being hunted by a pack of troodons
That's why I carry bolas
I'll go... Rage quit.
That are twice as big as troodons usually are
Steven Spielberg presents Jurassic Mountain. Rated PG-13
best 3 line horror story i ever heard.
That paleo art of Nanuqsaurus is just so magical to me. If I close my eyes I can almost see it shaking snow off of its protofeathers.
Its very unlikely it has protofeathers given all its closest relatives had scales.
@@nutyyyy Considering the fact that it lived in a cold environment and that it was smaller than dinosaurs like t rex etc it probably could have. Also considering the fact that yutyrannus was bigger than nanuqsaurus and living in a cold environment too and had feathers.
You can still see basically the same thing since there still are dinosaurs in the Arctic. Watch some videos of snowy owls.
@@nutyyyy It most likely had a decent covering of feathers, we know tyrannosaurs can have feathers and based on environment and size restrictions Nanuqsaurus is one of the most likely of all the tyrannosaurs to have had a significant covering. Honestly it's survival might barely be possible without at least some covering of feathers.
@@nutyyyy its very unlikely that a dinosaur that was already different from it's relatives had another adaptation to help it survive in the cold?
Why is it that "chilling in the Arctic" sounds like a euphemism for "freezing to death"?
Guess I'll have to watch the video to find out! xD
cracking open a cold one with the dino bois in the cold
Chillin' out maxin' relaxin' all cool
And all shooting some b-ball outside of the school
Dino popsicle
* old person you’re not to sure how they’re even related to you voice * This is grandma Betty Jo and in 1849 she and grandpa John Bob headed west for california and let’s just say they’re chilling in the Arctic now :(
Me and the boys taking down a hadrosaur
I myself have been getting larger with more food around.
The virus that shall not be named does that to us sometimes :/
Me too🥳
@@redactedz6146 what virus?
XD
@@mr.fantastic5057 shhhhhh
If I can't ride a fluffy mini-T. rex to work, why even live?
You're a person of taste, I can respect that.
If you find a Troodon cute you have never played Ark Survival Evolved
@@gringocolombian9919 i think he/she is talking about nanuqsaurus not troodon since troodon is nothing like t rex anyway
nanuqsaurus was a smaller version of t rex and it sure was feathered to keep it warm
Same, would make commute traffic jams interesting
@@firegator6853 feathers were lost in tyrannasaurids though
How can people say a feathery Tyrannosaur isn't scary? That thing is terrifying and I love it!
Anyone who says any meat eating dino over 5 ft tall isn't scary is saying it bc they know they have no chance of meeting one. Put them in a room with a 5 ft monitor lizard and they will change their story.....
9:05 "While the players might change, Life is still playing the same game"
I don't know if you intended this to be as deep as it was (or as I took it), but I love this quote.
This video is the most vivid illustration that dinosaurs had definitely ceased being reptile-like. No reptiles are found north of the Arctic Circle. Dinosaurs could only survive because they were warm-blooded (homeothermic). Excellent video.
feodoric I agree with you, but you would be surprised snakes live all the way in Siberia
dinosaurs were mesothermic i think, at least the t-rex, with only vital and sensorial organs with internal heating, just like some mordern day sharks
"reptile-like" isn't a thing though. That's how we categorized animals like a century ago.
We also stopped considering that animals had to be either homeothermic or ectothermic, or even that all dinosaurs regulated their body temperature in the same way. There was likely some variation between different dinosaur species.
Well there are reptiles like wall lizards that are also warm-blooded
@@Ezullof I think you put too much weight in the words I used. I am a biologist with a PhD and didn't get my degree a century ago btw so you don't need to be condescendent with me. I did use the term homeothermic, not endothermic deliberately. Of course things are not as simple and dichotomic as that. I meant, in a short paragraph that precluded all nuances, that dinosaurs living in the polar regions were likely not reptile-like, meaning ectothermic in a broad sense. I don't see why you made such a fuss unless you wanted to assert you know better. Not cool. The thing is, theropods included feathered dinosaurs, and the prelude to birds which are definitely endothermic. Feathers are a feature of endothermy, and this is definitely not "reptile-like". This is YT and the term I used is perfectly all right.
Nanuk in Slovak language mean popsicle. Coincidence? I think not. Popsiclesaurus.
Nanuq means polar bear in Inuk so it's actually Polar Bearosaurus
@@biohazard724 How about Popsicle McPolarface?
Now we're talking when are we going to get a bear lizards
Makes me wonder if "nanuk" in the slovak language(s) is a loan word from Inuit/Iñupiaq and was just associated with the idea of "cold" instead of polar bears specifically. Because nanuk/nanuq definitely originated in northern alaskan/candian native languages
The first documentary ever had the title "Nanook o the North" (1922) by famous director Robert Flaherty. Nanook was the name of an Inuit. I suppose that the Slovak popcicles took their names from him.
"Edmontonosaurus regularly went through some pretty lean times by toughing it out in the winter"
That's the Edmonton way!! 💎
Indeed it is
Edmonton Pride😍😍
8:30 "They were already used to harsh conditions and low quality diets."
Same, my arctic dino pals.
"While the players might change, Life is still playing the same game~" NICE QUOTE!! 😍
Sounds like a TierZoo quote
I fully expected it to be an intro to TierZoo
What are the player doing then?4/10
Never heard truer words!
@@thomasthecommentrater3703 The Game of Life is a zero-player game.
PBS Eons: It was COLD; around -10°C.
Me: *laughs in Canadian*
-10c is literally nothing to me, and im virginian lol
Me on tropical country, 16°C is so Cold ..
Humans adapt pretty quickly to cold. From Nz where the coldest it get is -5. Lived in Alberta for a couple years and -40 was no problem with the right gear
Jen Oween nah im Canadian and that's pretty cold
Russians: Maniacal laughs
For some reason I can't get over how pretty that illustration of the nanuqsaurus is.
I saw a documentary on Arctic dinosaurs and my memory was that the Arctic had a temperate climate like Ottawa, Canada. It was hot in the summer and had cold snowy winters and the dinosaurs adapted. Some moved further south where it was warmer and had no snow in the winter to look for food. Others just stayed behind. The leaves in the fall changed color and in the spring, the flowers budded.The Arctic had weather like Florida, South Carolina, and Georgia 55 million years ago with swamps, ferns, crocodiles, turtles, and some sort of lemurs because the Co2 was very high.
That's exactly what it was. PBS uses the assumption the dinosaurs thrived in the cold...while being herbivores. It's like listening to medieval "scientists". A ridiculous narrative is being pushed but why?
You should do a video on what human burial traditions of today could mean for potential fossilization in the future
Finally, another person who has asked this question
Same
I've been curious about this, too.
I don't know if she has covered it, but you might like the "Ask A Mortician" CZcams channel.
Yes please!
Hey, one of my professors is featured in this episode! : D Also I think its worth noting that an increased size in Arctic Troodon could possibly have helped it maintain body heat by decreasing the surface area exposed to the cold surroundings while maintaining a large volume. It ended up right in the goldilocks zone of size!
Yea. Like bears, the extinct stellar sea cow, wolves.... are all bigger than their southern cousins
can't believe i had to scroll this far to read this comment and i cannot believe this was not brought up in the video, when bergmann's rule is very obviously the most logical reasoning and a well-known phenomenom in biology.
However, the Hadrosaur wasn't different from its southern and warmer cousins. We have to be careful here. There's a lot more to arctic dinosaurs than just a higher ratio of surface area to volume ratios. Dinosaurs were most likely warm blooded due to studies of thinly sliced bone samples of dinosaurs from baby-to-juvenile-to-adult which indicated rapid growth as well as other factors indicating being warm blooded. As for larger theropods...just because we haven't found bigger ones doesn't mean they didn't exist. Absence of evidence isn't evidence of absence....as future discoveries could indicate larger theropods.
"while the players might change, life is still playing the same game." 😳😳😳
This actually answered a question I remember asking my teacher when I was in third grade. She said, they didn’t, they froze to death, and don’t ask questions.
Glad there’s actually an answer instead of “don’t ask questions.”
I need to have a Wooly-T-Rex blanket for my bedroom.
Yes peeta this comment right here
I'd fancy a fluffy rex plushie, myself. Maybe with a zipper so you can turn it into a puppet?
You mean they now need to make the inflatable T Rex Costume that got famous duringCorona in pale beige velvet too? :D
I need a Steve portrait blanket
Chumbasauce natural cause of death harvesting only of course.
I think this is one of the few channels I truly enjoy. Thank you so much. Cheers from Argentina!
Thank you for having great audio. It's perfectly clear and loud, I appreciate it
Am I the only one that wants an arctic version of Jurassic Park?
Yes.
Ice age 3
ah yes they are doomed to give dinosaurs full feather covering or at least theropods
Jackie Chan that is a great idea!
fluffy scary dinos is what i need in my life
*If a majority of the dinosaurs hadn't been wiped out, imagine the fascinating creatures that would have roamed the northern tundras instead*
hey it's jartopia!
They are basically birds right now
If they didnt go extinct you would would not be here I know you know this but yeah
If dinosaurs hadn’t been wiped out they would be commonplace and today’s mammals and birds would be fascinating creatures. It’s all about perspective: “familiarity breeds contempt”.
@@stefif3118
If they only went extinct in Europe/African then we would still rise. Imagine Portuguese explorers finding a more evolved T-Rex?
I contributed to this research as part of my Masters project: Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of the Prince Creek Formation. Thanks for the trip down memory lane.
Troodons...the bane of my character's existence when I first began playing ARK.
And many years after.
4m long flufy boy...
I want to ride one to battle.
XD
Aye get Ark survival evolved and you can ride one into battle
what about smaller (yet bigger then trodon) fluffy t-rexes
Ok, improbable, 6/10
@@thomasthecommentrater3703 dude why on all comments
Thanks I really love this show. It’s pretty amazing how much of earths history has now been figured out.
and also how much of it still remains hidden from us!
I wonder how much we have left to discover here on earth
What more awesome is when paleontologist reveal something that throw away previous theory, it was "wow some dino do have full body feather".
I just watch the videos with this lady. She has the best voice. :)
@Genaro Scala Are you joking or...?
Love this channel. Been binge watching the past few days. Gotta love lockdown. Learning about new things every day!
One of the best lectures - so far - I've heard you do on CZcams. Congratulations!
I hope you guys realize how INTENSELY this community loves you guys and your content. It's too good for TV.
Agreed, if this were put on TV the network execs would probably dilute it into something "digestible" for the largest possible audience and diminish the value it had for the niche audience that loved it in the first place.
@@strangequark3897 Bingo.
@@strangequark3897 It is already pretty digestible
Larger body size also provides a greater mass to surface area ratio, helping the animal retain heat in cold weather.
Exactly what I thought. I was surprised it was never mentioned
Larger body also means blood takes longer to reach every end of the body and dinosaurs can’t make a fireplace it’s literally below 0• and if it’s an ice age they would have to find new ways to get warm if there body doesn’t create enough heat to protect them from cold especially if they are cold blooded
Its so fascinating how our idea of size plays out so differently in the wild. Stuff like deep sea gigantism always fascinated me and this era also similar piques my interest.
You bring their past era back to life (with chilling realism), thankyou.
It really does make you wonder how many dinos survived the KT Extinction event itself, & even for generations afterwards through the catastrophic environmental aftermath, only to succumb at the last hurdle as their numbers dwindled below the (genetic diversity) survivability threshold..?
Perhaps a lot of them survived by getting smaller through the generations. Aren't birds supposed to be dinosaur-ish?
in new Zealand they survived up to 1 million years after the asteroid
Although the predators in the video were well adapted to cope with cold and darkness their prey species were herbivores that were dependent on plant growth, and thus photosynthesis, for their nutrition. Which would make it hard to survive in a 'nuclear winter' type environment.
What a pretty dinosaur!😍
i love how the nanuqsaurus pic has feathers like a snowy owl! neat!
I want one so cute
It's a paleo meme to depict Nanuqsaurus with white feathers
Looks so fluffy >.
@@BeautyKhaleesi Just as long as you don't try to pet it...
Nanuqsaurus waifu pillow, anyone? 😝
*New map unlocks. Loading new settings*
Trodon: *Strength +100% / Night Vision*
Amphibians: *Tolerance to cold + 120%*
Hadrosaurs: *Migration ability is now available*
Tyranosauridae: Oh, boy can't wait until my turn.
The Devs : Time to balance everything with an astroid
Tyranosauridae: NERFED
THANK YOU for slowing down the narration. I like to think between every sentence, and when there isn't any space between statements I don't get to do that. Much appreciated 👍👍👍
My kids loved your video, thank you so much for sharing :)
It's hard to imagine a more adorable species of tyrannosaur.
What gets me is the non-zero chance it was also feathered, meaning it could've been fluffy.
You know how successful dinosaurs were as the only thing that killed them was a massive asteroid
and massive volcanoes.
And disease and climate change. And those pesky little fur-ball mammals and their taste for fresh eggs....
and not even then that didn't wipe out all of them, birds are the last living lineage; and have greatly diversified to fill tons of ecological niches.
Trilobites survived all but the last extinction event.
If you count birds they're still around today.
The thermoregulation of different animals is so fascinating! So many different solutions to living in frigid conditions. Fur, hibernation, migration, size adaptations, reduced locomotor activity, clothing (in hominids), and now feathers as well.
When you think that creatures as small as foxes and squirrels survive year-round in the Arctic today, seeing such big fluffy predators, longer than even polar bears, is incredible.
I really liked the artwork. The fuzzy one with white protofeathers and little black spots was particularly cute. What a fun way to think they might have been.
This channel is underrated.
PANTHEOS how no body thinks it’s bad and it has a lot of subscribers
@@vvx2953
Underrated doesn't always mean disliked when it should not be. Underrated can also mean not popular as it should be.
They have over a million subs dude how is that underrated
1.4 millions subs. I would never describe that as underrated.
Thanks for not leaving us in the dark about those cool Dino who were just chilling up there. ;)
Thank you for finally having scales that have both °F and °C. As well as meters to feet. The older videos were lacking this.
I wish you guys uploaded every day instead of every week! I swear I have watched every episode at least 3 times!!
I’ve learned more from this channel than I’ve learned at school
Youre not much of a brainiac then are you? Haha
Which means you didn't care and never listened
Honestly, same
You guys don't have to be pricks. This channel goes into much more detail than my public school did.
Stop sleeping in class lol
I always like there thumbnails pretty neat
Their* just a friendly reminder 😇
They are neat aren't they
Very true I love them
Huh neat
Grammar has left the chat
I remember watching this video during the height of COVID
Thank you for the memories EONS
You were one of my favorite channels and helped me get through the rough times
I love your videos! Sincerely a knowledge junkie ❤
That nanuqsaurus art... guess I’ve found my new favorite dinosaur
I can imagine how fluffy arctic dinosaurs are now
theropods were 100% fluffy but idk about hadrosaurus ceratopsians and others i mean yes feathers are really important in a place like this but they have no feathered direct ancestor and i don't know if ornithiscians and other non feathered dinosaurs could suddenly have them
i may be wrong though idk someone help me
@@firegator6853 The largest confirmed non-avian dinosaur with feathers was Yutyrannus huali, a large Chinese artic theropod from the early Cretaceous in the superfamily/clade Tyrannosauroidea (includes the family Tyrannosauridae and the more basal form, including Yutyrannus) and was completely covered in long filamentous feathers all the way down to its toes. It literally had soft fluffy feet like an owl. There are some good images of it on the Wikipedia page for it. We know it had feathers because there is direct fossil evidence for it in the form of imprints, including near the ankle bones.
@@firegator6853 not all theropods but all Coleurosaurians except for tyrannasaurids
@@firegator6853 scales and feathers can co-exist on the same surface of the body and as it is likely pterosaur pycnofibres was actually the same as dinosaur feathers it means that they had a common feathered ancestor... what do you see on mammals? ALL of them have hairs to some degree! from rhinos to mice or to armandillos even cetaceans have whiskers! so it is pretty much possible ALL dinosaurs and their close relatives had protofeathers to some degree it means that maybe a baby hadrosaur had fuzzy coat growing out in between the scales (or check the leg of barn owls they grow a fuzzy coat on their scaly legs in the winter) and as they grew they probably lost it or sauropods had feathery eyelashes to protect their eyes against dust and dirt settled on the branches (like how giraffes do it) some birds have pretty big eyelashes... everything is possible about feathered dinosaurs (well a fully feather-coated adult giant sauropod is not)
I like seeing more info on animals adapting to harsh environments. Also the possibility of when certain groups or all dinosaurs shows signs of warmblooded bodies.
Loved the video. Thanks 🙏🏻
I wonder if any dinosaurs lived in Antarctica? It would have been warmer there during some periods than today. Just imagine which kind of new fossils we might discover there once the ice unfreezes completely in a few decades.
Well, bird are dinosaurs, so you can say that there is dinos living in Antarctica right now !
They were several species of non avian dinosaurs living in Antartica, there is even a Field Museum exposition about them touring the US, although the schedule is uncertain because of the current situation
Many fossils have been found in Antarctica indeed. The place is not completely covered in ice, specially during the summer. Many places, mostly on the coast, are iceless and can be searched for fossils. There are currently three Antarctic dinosaurs known: Cryolophosaurus, Antarctopelta and Glacialisaurus.
Love the depiction of the polar T- Rex. Nothing I would have imagined 'til now.
It's called nanuqsaurus
This was actually really surprising and interesting, thanks sooo much for the knowledge
Your videos are so good to watch, they are well-made. Thanks for everything you do
How cool would a polar T-Rex be?
And we thought Polar bears were badass!
Yeah, it was called Gorgosaurus.
That depends on whether they were cold blooded or not
How "cool" I considered it would probably depend upon whether or not I was what it was hunting...!
very cool, temperatures are quite low there
I am a simple human. I see a feathered dinosaur. I click
Me too
I'd like to say that Kallie is a great natural history presenter. It's not just that her speech is crystal clear. Her tone, tempo and intination make it very easy (and relaxing) to listen.
Can we just appreciate the effort put into this video?!
A tiny t-rex! I love how life finds its way!
*its 6-7 meters long it's fluffy but idk if it's cute*
I somehow never imagine a dinosaur to be white tho, dunno why?
Evolution. Arctic foxes and polar bears are the same way.
Dark dinosaurs died off or moved away from the snow over time since they couldn’t effectively hunt in the white snow. Since the white dinosaurs were able to bring in more food they were able to reproduce more rather than struggle and starve.
I guess we're just primed to associate dinos with tropics, even though they obviously lived all over the globe.
Swans are white...as an example from the closest living relative.
@@nakenmil We've also associated dinos we colour palettes based on educated guesses at best, and more often aesthetic choices.
A lot of people still imagine dinosaurs as giant iguanas, with similar bright greens and blues.
“While the players might change, life is still playing the same game” 💚🦖
I love PBS Eons so much you guys make learning way more fun wish I had u guys as teachers in school
I loved that you added the sound of the wind when you showed the images of different dinosaurs in the Arctic!
I had no idea there were dinosaurs in such cold environments. Truly amazed by the work on this channel. Learn something everytime
What a beautiful polar T-Rex 🦖! It's amazing how far the scientific research has come, from mostly earthly/reptile colored dinosauruses to all the colors of the 🌈.
Never thought about dinosaurs in the arctic. Fascinating!
"The players might change but the game stays the same" t....teirzoo?
ThatGameGhost my thinking
It’s a generic statement, but they’ve also done a collab with tierzoo.
1:31 The mighty Abominable Snow-Rex
Tyrannosaurus Yeti!
How absolutely fascinating!
This channel is pure gold
So me and my son watched this he’s 2 years old and he asked if we are going to see the Troodon station from Dinosaur train! 😜
God I remember that show. I used to be obsessed with it when I was in 1st grade.
aw thats so cute
*good question...i'm in my 50's and i want to see the same thing as well*
Adorable.
Dinosaur train (dinosaur train) were gonna ride ride ride ride ride
They were just chillin up there
they were chillin' like villains,
'til a space rock had them illin'
What a great episode! Thank you again for this insightful video. I think we will see way more animal discoveries come from this area of the arctic in the future!
HEY!! I’m new here but! Over times The lands became a new landscape!! Like the Amazon forest it was once a cold area!! But over time the sun shifted and made different landscapes!!! I’ve been a Cretaceous lover!! And still is!! I absolutely love this!! Your an awesome creator!!!💖💖
How did hadrosaurs migrate? That's a dumb question.
They flew Air Alaska. Duh.
Boooo
Ah, Nanuqsaurus, my spirit animal.
so you are short and have long hair and have lots of bristles?
@@firegator6853 kinda, I also grumpy and live in a cold and dark environment for most of the day.
I'd love to hear more about dolphins and their development as a species. The modern science and research surrounding dolphins and orcas is absolutely enthralling, so learning more about where they came from would be very cool.
I like this video because it's so *cool* learning things about the earth's history.
Yes!!!! I have been waiting for a segment of arctic dinosaurs for some time now. Superb video! Also troodontids had well developed wings and tail fan. not just proto fuzz.
So good!!!
4 months of darkness? That’s northern Sweden for you. But more like 6
-10 C tho? Practically summer.
That's what I was thinking. At -10° we go outside to enjoy the heat.
@@nita7703 My city stops working at -10 lmao.
Tho our summer are from 40C° or more.
Tony Toons stop working at -10? Where do you even live??
Svennc my city never gets below freezing, 46°C is more common than 0°C
I'm amazed every time how much I can learn with this channel videos. It's very interesting and mind-blowing
These temperatures are similar to the Great Lakes region today. It's an area with plenty of reptiles that do just fine.
I love this episode. Thank you! That white and black Tyrannosaur is awesome. I hope it really was those colors.
I like to think they changed colors from season to season..
It’s a insemplipoide you uncultured swine
Random guy _“You're troodon will freeze before you reach the first marker!"_
Han _“Then I'll see you in Hell!”_
Beat me to it! 😂
It's too perfect! Lmao
are you tauntaun us?
Does it smell worse on the inside?
By "Random guy" I hope you mean "Tigran Jamiro"
these videos are great, keep them coming!
this presenter is great too :)
I could listen to her talk for ages...especially if dinosaurs are involved!
They look so cool
Sure
I absolutely love learning about the interesting dinosaurs that lived in the arctic. I truly wish I could see them in person and alive.
As a citizen of Edmonton, it feels only fitting our namesake dinosaur could survive cold weather.
This might be my new favorite channel
would love a video about the ecology of India when it was separated from asia!!
Could you do an episode of the migration of dugongs from north America to the Indian ocean , and manatees to north america from south America
I appreciate that even though they were talking about Celsius, they included the measurements for Fahrenheit
This is quickly turning in to one of the only channels I still watch