How much exercise is too much? | Tim Noakes | TEDxCapeTown
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- čas přidán 2. 06. 2024
- Tim Noakes: UCT Professor of Sports Science
I am Tim Noakes, co-founder and executive director of the Sports Science Institute of SA, author, respected academic and A1 rated scientist.
I am a Director of UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town. I am also the Professor, Discovery Health Chair of Exercise and Sports Science, University of Cape Town. I have long been acknowledged as an expert in the field of sports and the science of physical exercise.
My idea worth spreading to present at TEDxCapeTown 2012 is about having the right mindset to learn and achieve.
In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.* (*Subject to certain rules and regulations) - Věda a technologie
"Industry is driving what you believe [about diet]". Never a truer word spoken!
The year this talk was published, he went low carb. He get mobbed by his Uni.
Interestingly, we need to not dismiss industry funded studies out of hand. Sometimes the science is good. The trick is to look at the study, evaluate the methods and evidence, and see of the conclusions make sense, based on that evidence. In other words, let the science do the talking, and if the science is bogus, it should be apparent.
@@RogerOnTheRight
If it does not support the promotion of their product/s, usually the study is suppressed.
@@maricamaas2326 But, if it is not suppressed, it may be of value.
Well, I came here to learn about how much exercise is too much. I'm a little peeved that the talk had nothing to do with that question but I did learn some new things so I'm not entirely mad.
I can't believe a dude swam around the cape peninsula of South Africa. That area is filled with man-eating sharks. My sack shaink a little when he was describing it.
No thank you.
Until you can't recover from one exercise session enough to be stronger/faster/fitter etc (strength and fitness returns diminish on the exercise investment the longer you've been exercising for [in terms of years]) in your next exercise session is the answer to the title question by the way. If you're exercising to get better at it then then the must know rule is that (technically) the "exercising" doesn't make you better; it's the recovery (rest) from the exercising that make you better because this is where adaptation to the exercise stimulus takes place. So you can exercise too much to never recover enough for adaptation to take place. This of course differs from person to person and depends on a number of factors such as diet, sleeping habits, PED usage, genetics and the use of recovery therapy to name a few.
Title was "Challenging Beliefs on nutrition/exercise", TED.
Noakes is proof to me just how hard it is to be a scientist without bias...
@Kwiene Makeda science
Even more in social sciences
I apologize if I've misunderstood but does this imply that Noakes is a biased scientist? I ask with all sincerity.
"Aim to be on the side of truth" .. words of wisdom!!
The title has nothing to do with the talk!
Gearoid O'Laoi Yeah! I hate it when they do that :/
talk to baby's
Ted talks
Ted talk talk to baby
Click bait
this guy is cool. glad he came around and is so honest
When we exercise for extended periods of time we deplete blood sugar and the glycogen stored in muscles. We also sweat out water and salt. The human body burns about 1 carb per minute during exercise. Water and salt loss varies between individuals, but it is thought that the rate of water replacement needs to be from 4-8 ounces every 15 minutes for the majority. It is my understanding that salt loss is consistent with how much we sweat. Sports drinks are designed to replace water and salt in a solution that is similar to the fluid lost. Carbs, to be replaced at the rate they are used, would need to be replaced at the rate of 60 per hour. If you drink 32 ounces of drink per hour and don't eat anything then you would want your drink to have 60 carbs. That is about what Gatorade has.
In my own personal experience it became clear to me that I need to be replacing carbs, water, and salt throughout my endurance exercise session when the sensation of extreme thirst continued to worsen and my thinking became more and more muddled the more I tried to quench my thirst with water. I have had no further problems with endurance exercise now that I always have enough salt and carbs either in my water or with my water. People exercising up to 90 minutes may not need to replace anything besides water, but the endurance athlete needs to replace water, salt, and carbs for extended workouts.
Thanks!
I like how he tries merging tons of topics into one due to the passion he has for the science of it, I'm sure he was excited to get all that information out there.
Yes, he certainly covered a lot of ground.
Oh yeah you know it! I have the same zeal myself, It's amazing what real knowledge does for you!
Truly fascinating. For many years I had subscribed to the mantra of drink lots of liquids, consuming close to a gallon of water a day. But I could never figure out why I always craved salt so badly. It also seemed that despite my large intake of water, I would get dehydrated way too easily. This gave me some interesting insights to ponder.
drink when ur thirsty, but some ppl dont rly feel thirsty enough. drinking too much is far far better for health than too little. generally every 2-3 hours pee in the bowl should be pale yellow, not nearly white (or sometimes its a green tint) nor yellow. if u feel thirsty even with this either drink or more intake more of one of the electrolytes
10:00 that may be true in cardio activities that rely on O2 for energy, but not in strength activities like sprints or weightlifting. Once you’re done, you’re done. There is no reserve. No more ATP, and the muscle has been stressed with no energy source left.
The talk wasn't really related to the title but it was fantastic and essential! Excellent lecture just they need to edit the title.
Yeh not wrong
Ok, good. I'm not just a bad listener. After it concluded I didn't think it addressed the theme.
one of my all time mentors in medicine - to your health my friends
I don't think _anyone_ who's ever done sports disagrees with the statement that there is a huge psychological aspect. But claiming that there is NO muscle fatigue, only brain fatigue? I'd like to see more on that subject before I accept his claim.
Kristian Fagerström its true but not that true exaple try doing push ups until you feel fatiqe and say one more rep not 2 one you can even double your max but our mind limits us becuase it think we could injure ourselves
There are many cases. Try the US Navy Seals that go for several hours or days without much healthy food to take or are not olympic athletes. Another case, in 1973, a team of uruguayan people crashed on high mountains in the Andes, with temperatures of -40F and to get out of there, two of the people had to climb mountains higher than 13000 feet, with no train at all and not knowing anything about climbing techniques with only rugby shoes for two weeks, only ingesting human meet from the death bodies and they survived. The motivation was, to let know their parents they were still alive... So if you think your brain can´t motivate you to do over the physicall limits established, so you live in a very limited world.
I don’t think that’s what he’s saying, rather the mind is the driver of muscular fatigue as a regulatory feedback mechanism.
The muscles themselves fatigue in the sense they tear and eventually less fibers are working for you, and lactic acid is technically toxic to the muscles, so it wears them down. But what you’re perceiving as fatigue is completely mental. The shaking in your legs when you can’t go any longer for example is from a signal between the brain and muscles where the muscle delivers information on its state, and the brain regulates when they shut down and give out. That’s the mental aspect. Your body is kinda always taking its own diagnostics and trying to react accordingly. Kinda the same idea with homeostasis. They’re all feedback loops.
I believe he is using hyperbole to drive a point. (Not a good idea in science)
This guy is fascinating. I'm really happy to share my views with great scientific mind with decades of experience. 😃
What a teacher and speaker, am proud of you Tim.
This was an amazing talk. Lot of misinterpretation in comments unfortunately!
Excellent talk. Great explanation of science involved.
Tim noakes is a brilliant scientist and speaker.
Tim Noakes, Phil Maffetone worth their weight in Gold.Legends.
Thank you Thank you Mr. Noakes
thanks for the lesson!
Very interesting. Supports the fact that many of the studies we see and guides we read are not correctly vetted - too many unsupported “trends”.
Iker Casillas....the goalie of the Spanish National Soccer Team and currently working as goalie for a Portuguese 1st division team (Porto FC) just had a heart attack.....
Lesson in Humility & Honesty................
Thanks Dr. Noakes ... big fan ... good luck
70 Going On 100 ... maybe 70 Going on 128 ... the Hayflick Limit .. or if fan of Ray Kurzweil ... then all this is a Moot Point .,..
I love working out as both a career and lifestyle though it's kinda hard to get the nutrition that is needed to stay healthy. That is the main reason why I have health problems but doing what you love goes beyond what is a stable life style when it comes to health. Live simple, do what you love, protect others. Fear not death and you have less to fear and can live. Though if you have means to take care of your self try!
Consider keto-adaptation that is exclude carbs they're the only non-essential nutrient!
His book The Lore of Running is a great reference book. I've read it many times.
Gorgeous talk
All we need to do is listen to our bodies, NOT the corporations that want to sell us their product and have us consume as much of it as possible.
thank you !
very interesting talk thank u
amazing everything bout this talk resonates strongly with our philosophy
You will be required to complete the course following the
Keep moving and drink when you are thirsty. Don't drink or eat too fast. Fatigue is an emotion and affects you motivation. Fatigue responds to pain which is also linked to the emotional part of the brain. Mix of fats and balance diet(Protein, Fats, Carbs) is better. Watch out for carbs and sugars.
So, basically... Nobody knows anything about anything.
Far more humility is in order; this will enable us to get to real truth much faster.
Why did they use this title?
Talk on nutrition and exercise. Brilliant talk. Engaging. I'd listen to another from him.
There is another TED talk that actually addresses what this title was supposed to. "Run for your life at a comfortable pace and not too far."
This should be at the top:)
Why this talks are not done for the greater amount of people?....right now they get so technical.....
Hey man, the truth will speak for itself. Think soundly and critically and go through the research for yourself. I encourage everyone to do so.
Such a nice chap!
Great talk. This dude is the real deal.
He’s not. He’s an antivaxxer and conspiracy theorist nowadays
But he used to be the real deal
This is FANTASTIC! I love the science behind the exercise. Well done
Title is missleading but i very much like the Ted Talk itself :D
nice , informative talk but irrelevant heading .
50 %. teaching is wrong is the best sentence.
I forget where he stole that line.
50% teaching is wrong....ok maybe...but it is a lot higher for his own video!
Thanks Prof. I read the book Lewis wrote. You mentioned nothing about your book the lure of running. 15 min is no time at all. I just think the title above is misleading. Great talk.
The truth always prevails... So simple.
Bloody hell! That should have been obvious, especially for anyone who lives in a hot, dry climate. Those of us who do KNOW that the hotter it gets, the more we sweat, the more we need to drink, and the more salt we MUST ingest in order to be able to do anything for the day! That is - and I hate to use these words - *ancient* knowledge.
So the question becomes, how the hell was it lost?! I think the Doc answers that question exceptionally well.
I wondered why he didn't suggest that you need to replace salt and water when you exercise.
@@stevencooke6451 I believe he said to drink to thirst. It was during his discussion of that graph showing the increasing incidence of the low-sodium disorder.
Don't agree with the conclusion, it is not that fatigue is purely emotion, the runners obviously conserve energy, if you blow it all in the first 100m you are going to lose.
Exactly, they know when they're near the finish line, thus they evaluate their fatigue levels and accommodate their rythm in order to do it as fast as possible. In earlier stages, they need to be more conservative, thus they don't push the limit. I feel he fails to understand that sure, the perception of fatigue is very much in our brains, but muscles do tire, and marathons aren't the best examples to prove muscle fatigue, since the most dominant fatigue in this case is cardiovascular/lactic acid production, now try that with powerlifting and tell me you can ignore how tired you are and do 10reps of what was previously your 1 rep max.
Very informative
Close finishes are very common in the 10k. The reason his fastest kilometer is the last one is because that is 10k race strategy.
Some very interesting concepts . Some of which i have pondered about previously and not known any better besides using personal observations . I have found siping on water when thirsty and that to just to get maybe a gulp down but thats it hydration during exercise is a little different than drinking like you would through your normal day to day activities.
it's maybe not well enough explained but what he meant was that
before they believed the muscles got tired and thus decreased their performance, now they believe the brain regulates the feeling of tiredness and the decrease in performance based on the information it receives from the body/muscles.
hope that's clear enough.
Great talk. Great man. the title is wrong, though.
"We." This guy seems to be part of every major enurance athletic feat ever.
I can't believe he didn't discuss salt intake and the need for salt pills when consuming water. This has been known for hundreds of years.
Railroad builders in the 1840s to 1890s all provided salt tablet dispensers next to drinking water dispensers.
Even in U.S. factories for the WWII war effort, every factory had attached salt tablet dispensers to every drinking fountain and drinking water dispenser. It was obvious and the standard in most every factory, construction sites, etc until 1960s. In more recent times, as multi-day fasting becomes the new fad to lose weight, even people in those circles know that during a water-fast it is extremely to intake salt regularly, in proportion to consumption of water.
If you take too much salt, you'll just pee it out (if your kidneys and liver work right), but if you don't take enough salt while drinking water, you'll risk going into a coma or dying, or causing yourself long term brain injury due to the brain fluid pressure of cerebral encephalopathy. Don't be like Dr. Cynthia Lucero and die for water. If you don't have salt, Do Not Drink water - wait until you can have salt or salty foods with your water. Or go and find V8 drink, or even Clamato, they are loaded with sodium. Do Not drink gatorade, not even the "pro" version of gatorade, there's only 1/3 the salt compared to what you sweat out per volume. "Death by gatorade" is a real thing, look it up. search terms "Can you get water poisoning from Gatorade?"
I play soccer.
In the first 30 min I'm death, but after that I'm unstoppable.
I'm like that with running. I get stronger and faster after 5km.
Why are we like this?
@@SydneyCarton2085 No idea bro
Interesting...i used to have that issue at gym . Only after a good warm-up am i amped n ready for a good workout
I ran a marathon about 10 years ago and weighed myself before I left the house for the race at 185 pounds. I drank at every water stop possible and drank a LOT of fluid after the race then weighed myself when I got home and I was 178 pounds. This was all water weight that I put back on over the next few days, but it shows just how much water you can lose via extertion and the importance of replenishing not only your water but your electrolytes.
Wow!
The 'over-hydration' thing puzzled me, until he explained that he was talking about low sodium levels. Why would anyone drink water during prolonged periods of exertion during which they are sweating profusely and/or losing water via breath, that did not have electrolytes in it, including sodium? (No sugar for me, thanks.)
Noakes does make excellent points about looking into things more deeply to understand what is happening, and looking past the influence of money on the recommendations with which we are bombarded.
If you run longer than an hour you need carbohydrates to sustain your energy level. Without it you’ll run 30 seconds per mile slower or thereabouts.
awesome
This man is a Legend!
Very interesting information, I am still a little confused about how much water should I drink when exercising.
Drink to thirst.
Thanks
In 1954 Roger Bannister broke the 4 minute mile. That same year 11 more people did it as well. We go from "it will never be possible" to omg he did it? I can to!
Also, for years doctors told us if you run X distance you can die. Yet we have found a tribe in Mexico that does nothing but run all day every day. They run 200 miles in a day at times. Including their 70+ year olds.
Beliefs can and do influence us in many ways and it is only just recently that we are beginning to see that.
liink to tribe pls
I hate when people mix words like COULD, SHOULD, WILL, and MAY. They convay different things. If studies say YOUR PERFORMANCE COULD SUFFER it hints at a possibility. If you then read it to an audience as YOUR PERFORMANCE WILL SUFFER, you say that it is proven your performance always suffers. The problem is, the study never said that. It is much more important to understand those words than people realize.
The average human should not worry about to much exercise because they exercise too little or not at all.
We shouldn't be putting all carbs into same category. Carbs are both lollies and vegetables. Why most studies don't show low fat diets making people healthier is because the "low fat" (not even realy low fat diets, since often about 30% of their calories comes from fat) groups replace the fats with refined sugars, not vegetables, whole grains, fruit and legumes.
Wow. I’ve ran 12 marathons, and I can tell you the reason that guy can run so fast in the last bit of the race, is because he was conserving his energy. Any semi-professional runner would know that. He’s not running as fast as he can throughout the entire race, and he’s concerning his energy for the last kilometer. He’s not at his most tired before the last kilometre like this guy says. That’s against every standard and technique I’ve ever studied in running.They made an entirely hypothetical Model without even consulting the runner from what it sounds like. I don’t necessarily dispute their conclusions per se. How they got there was completely through a guessing game. One that does not hold truth to us marathon runners techniques.
Are your feet cold ?
No he's not conserving his energy. Your body has enough energy to run over 50 marathons back to back without stopping. Energy isn't the bottleneck, psychology is.
Oh, I guess Tim Noakes doesn't have any personal experience running a Marathon or competing in Ultramarathons hmmm only 70 plus. As a science professor and someone who is deeply concerned about helping people attain exceptional health, he is so serious about his push for good health that he had himself filmed tearing pages out of his own book, the runner's bible 'The Lore of Running', after learning the truths about carbs and the error of carb loading as a fueling system!
Exactly, he was conserving his energy for the finish line. Anyone who competes would know this. Going balls to the wall from the beginning is just not sustainable.
What he says about carbohydrates being the culprit for obesity is incorrect too. Fats are scientifically proven to have over twice the amount of kilocalories per gram that carbohydrates so overconsumption is to be avoided if worried about weight gain.
@@AB-ft2lb using only the energy equation to understand the biology of how the body works is like using child bricks to spell. Carbs are non essential and toxic at to high a level a diabetic has to tightly regulate their insulin level otherwise runaway organ damage takes place. What your taught the mantras of nutrition have never been provided for your benefit but for the benefit of industry and agriculture.
I enjoyed the talk, but did he ever answer the question in the title?
He says overdrinking is bad, but drinking what? water or isotonic drink? If drinking too much water makes sodium concentration go down, are sotonic drinks good or not? and how much do we have to drink, 1 liter per hour? So many unanswered questions, the first one how much exercise is too much
Even drinking isotónic wouldnt replace all the electrolites your losing so theoretically you should drink hypertonic drinks or some salt. Anyway its a controversias topic, some ultrarunners hace completely removed salt from their diets and claim the body ultimately adaptas and you don't need intake even during the hardest races.
@@mbengaful
Not needed to replace Salt during activity; that is if not ingesting much liquids. Yet in the long-run this certainly a bad call. Becoming Salt-deficient leads to various health problems.
he seems to completely miss the fact that distance runners run races tactically and are often consciously reserving their energy for the end of the race. you dont try and run your fastest at a constant pace.
Noakes isn't saying eating meat plus everything else is bad. For the record, randomized, controlled clinical trials have shown better blood pressure regulation, serum cholesterol, maintenance of lean body mass and lower diabetes risk factors in low-carb diets than low-fat or vegetarian.
While modern people always use running Marathons as a catalyst of health, stamina and heroism, they always forget this Greek messenger died after he ran that inhumane distance and he wasn’t interested in running for health per se ! How interesting human always think themselves to death!
Take responsibility for your own health - and don't shoot the messenger if you do not agree or understand the message
Thanks for the post.
Unfortunately, both the claims of saturated fat and dietary cholesterol causing, or even correlating to, serum cholesterol and heart disease have been demonstrated many times to be false. Links to cancer have farm more to do with inflammation, in which case processed carbs/grains are a far bigger issue. (Not to mention most of those studies are more than 10 years old, most more than 15).
Also, total cholesterol doesn't matter, it's again been shown that ratio of HDL:LDL is
That comment about Haile G didn’t make sense. Clearly he was able to save something for the last part of the race. You can’t assume that because he was running the same pace as the person beside him that he was running at the same EFFORT relative to his individual fitness.
I think he made a great point about the human body knowing what it needs for itself in regard to movement and hydration. Follow a diet/hydration/exercise guru, and all you get is what has worked for them../THEIR genome. But your body, your genome is a snowflake. Completely different from anyone else's The movement/diet/hydration 'powers that be' don't work for you because They're. Not. You. - with your unique genome. Your body gives you signals what to do according to its unique blueprint. Learn to listen to those innate voices again..
+Karen DiMarco yeah, that's incorrect. Main principles are the same for all the "snowflakes". You're almost the same as the next person. Different enough to have issues, but mostly the same.
Different... and yet almost identical. The problem is that social conditioning, advertising, recommendations by various 'authorities'.. these all affect what we think our bodies are telling us. Refined sugars & starches, things like MSG, other artificial flavorings and other additives- these can all interfere with our bodies normal responses to food. Even salt is highly processed, with any trace minerals removed, and super-heated to approx. 1,200F which apparently changes the way our bodies can use it. (Unprocessed salt with the trace mineral content intact is a great alternative - pre-pollution sea salt like Himalayan or Redmond NTM.)
Lovely talk, lovely man , but a very unrelated title.
I think Noakes is saying that what you believe affects what you feel, physically. Can you imagine running and not getting sore? I have been doing that for a few years now. Including a half marathon.
The answer is simple, if it kills you it's too much.
The first man who ran AT Marathon dropped dead after delivering his news.
So from the start, marathons appear to be an excessive form of human effort.
Muscle fatigue does not contribute at all? I mean when i run a marathon, i get so sore, and my whole body is strained even during the race.
🤣 Even the egg industry is banned from making the statement he made about eggs.
"Fatigue is purely an emotion" - kind of ridiculous. He seems to miss the fact that a 10km runner could do a fast lap at ANY time in the race. The reason they do one at the end is because they don't need to be able to run another one after that. Blindingly obvious to anyone who has run.
Liam Roche exactly! The key ability is to time your race so that in the end you reach your max (go massively anaerobic) right up to the finish line. After that you're totally empty. Of course it's also the mental ability to suffer but that's just a small part.
Liam Roche: Though not a runner. I certainly can see what a silly statement this is.
Why I continue to be amazed when brilliant people say idiotic things I do not know. 🏇
Actually you're never empty, intramuscular stores never go below 40% even at fatigue
yea its not about empty but lactic acid
"Blindingly obvious to anyone who has run.". Pity that he never worked with any atheletes who could inform him of this simple intuition. Oh, wait, he has worked with a lot of great athletes. He could of course be shown scientifically to be wrong, but I don't think it'll be because he didn't take the intuitions of runners into account and thus missed something blindingly obvious. More likely he didn't have time in this talk to go into the details.
Interesting
I love his laugh!
Same!
I found this very interesting! But this was 2012 and it's now 2018. Would today the same story be told?
Excellent lecture, completely misleading title. What's going on??
That is how powerful your brain is. It's a self defence mechanism designed so you don't overwork yourself to death. But what is the actual limit?
It could be that this mechanism in our brains was from a time early in our evolution when we would die from overwork (think dogs that can't sweat), but now we've changed yet it's still there. There are ALOT of things like that our brain does, yet there is no reason for it. Approach anxiety men feel when trying to talk to a woman for instance.
Regarding muscle fatigue, he is generalizing way too much. You can, in fact, beat fatigue mentally, but there IS a limitation to that. It’s really hard to hurt yourself by pushing past fatigue if you were in proper shape and well rested before the event, but if you were not either well rested or in proper shape, you could injure yourself. Your muscles literally start to tear when you push the limits and if you don’t get in proper shape and rest enough, you will pull a muscle. What he was talking about was probably the balance of stretching and relaxation in running technique. Many runners (even elite) do not get completely stretched and relaxed until well into a race, especially the longer races, like a 10K. And his explanation of the slide showing the speed of the 10K runner throughout a race was complete bogus. The speed pattern there is based on competition, not perceived ability. If he put up a slide that showed a record attempt, the speed pattern would be nearly a straight line, not quite top speed, because it’s such a long race.
Wrong. Pushing the limits wont hurt your body. Exceeding the limit is what injures you. Thats why its called limit, sweetheart
Your mistake is defining “pushing the limits” based only on your perspective.
@@traviskallay9326 wrong. By definition, not being able to perform a movement because of injury is the limit. If youre only pushing, nothing dramatic will happen and you can keep going. If you exceed it, well...no. so youre wrong again
I think you snap replied to my post without really understanding what you read. I agree with you with the exception of “pushing the limits.” You’re using that phrase as a figure of speech often used in sports and not defining “limit” as the point of injury. You made the assumption that I did the same. Had you understood my post, you might have asked me what I meant by “pushing the limits.” There is a big difference between being limited because you don’t believe it can be done and the physical limitations of our bodies. The process of developing our bodies to go faster is literally limited by preventing injury. If we could beat the mental part and weren’t limited by injury, we’d be working out 24 hours a day until we were sprinting 10Ks to a geometric limit, based on the length of our legs. So, if you say I’m wrong, you are basically disagreeing with your own statement.
This is the reason the ancient Romans were so much smaller than their Germanic neighbors. The Roman relied heavily on a diet of grain while the people in northern Europe largely ate all of the things that you listed.
Ouch, that's rough.
Oh I know eh? Bread/gluten and similar grains are huge drivers for a range of issues like emotional disorders, allergies and disease (highly inflammatory, cancer driver), definitely joint pain too, I've seen this in myself and others.
Absolutely, the key is good food from ethical sources.
Couldn't agree more. Well said. Tons of plants, avoid grains, lots of fish, game and grass-fed animals, and you'll do just fine.
What about fasting regularly?
Consider how there are those who cannot tolerate any plant foods at all, while others can hardly stand the smell of meat, and then there are those who do well on a diet containing a variety of different foods.
We are all different, therefore it does not make sense to describe one diet for all.
*edit - Noakes isn't saying an American diet is good, he's saying that an ideal diet in quality meats/fats, little to no sugar (aside from fruit and the like) and vegetables is better for weight loss than the low-fat grain based diets of other cultures.
at 3.10: not Bourbon, for heaven's sake - DURBAN. The Comrades is an ultra marathon run in South Africa between Durban and Pietermarizburg,
Didn't once address the question in the title.
Robert Hegsted, the testifying nutritionist in the 1977 McGovern hearings, took money from the Sugar Association to publish in the New England Journal of Medicine a paper that minimized the link between sugar and heart health. This was after his research finding polyunsaturated fats had no affect on cholesterol. He died in 2009, so he's beyond the reach of human justice.
Reprehensible
Swimming in the Arctic / Antarctic; forget the cold, I'd be more worried about what is in the water that could eat me.
Some seem to need more stress than others...
Where was this filmed?
The problem of many of these scientists is most of them can’t articulate their messages properly and keep hopping from one thing to another and getting further from what they initially want to talk about, and in the end, no one gets his message, he is just throwing meaningless stats one after another without having an actual context relatable to the audience.