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Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism is a Humanism | Criterionless Choice | Philosophy Core Concepts
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- čas přidán 10. 10. 2012
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This is a video in my Core Concepts series -- designed to provide students and lifelong learners a brief discussion focused on one main concept from a classic philosophical text and thinker.
This Core Concept video focuses on Jean-Paul Sartre's "Existentialism is a Humanism" and addresses the issue of Criterionless Choice. Sartre's view is that, when it comes to moral or ethical decision-making, it is ultimately up to the person deciding not only to make the decision, but also to choose what criteria they will use to make the decision.
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Yes, if you have some specific teaching resolving an issue, it seems like the matter is closed -- Sartre, though, would say that to decide to follow that teaching, to make it the key relevant deciding factor, is a subjective, ultimately criterionless choice.
[and just for disclosure: I don't personally agree with Sartre's position on the basis of choice]
Well, it would be the epoch our life is in -- and you see this with people saying: well, we're now modern, so we can only think in "modern ways" -- that would be a choice, in Sartre's view. And defining for oneself what counts as "modern" would also be a choice
"In choosing myself I choose man" I've always thought that this statement expands on what you've said in the lecture (thank you very much for it btw:) about making choices on a macro level. For eg any choice I make contributes to the infinite pool of choices anyone can make and this extends to our perpetually fluctuating reality. In choosing to stay with my mother, I extend an opportunity for anyone in the same scenario to co-opt/build on my reasoning and this in itself forms a new ethical code.
Yes, Sartre does seem to think along the lines you're describing here -- by choosing for myself, and thus choosing for everyone, it's not just a matter of something similar to what Kant noted, and what led him to propose the Categorical Imperative. It is suggesting a shape or vision of what it means to be human.
Of course, one might well do this in such a way as not to form a "new" ethical code, but to keep an older one in play, reinterpreted, new life breathed into it. Traditions do that
It's cool to hear someone mention the band Rush in a philosophy video. I always wondered where they got that lyric "if you choose not to decide you still have made a choice." Always thought that was a great concept, however is that always the case though, that if you don't decide that you still have technically made a choice?
Not deciding, yes, when one can decide, is at some level deciding not to choose
I'm in your online class at Marist for this winter intersession. I love the Rush reference!
Interestingly, it turns out that it was also a reference to Stoic philosophy -- Neil Pert (as I discovered in Stoic week 2014) is really into Stoic philosophy
Great videos! Enjoy them all! Often I work out while playing this over my speakers. I've always wondered, what would Sartre say about determinism and free will? Especially with philosophers like Sam Harris arguing that we really don't have as much or any free will. He has a lecture at - watch?v=pCofmZlC72g - as well as a short book on free will, explaining modern science can predict many peoples' choices before they happen.
How would the epoch of your life be a factor of criterion?
Thanks very much for posting all these videos, I find them fascinating. The conclusion, if I may call it that, which Sartre reaches here disturbs me - if all choices are fundamentally criterionless does than not mean that all choices are therefore arbitrarily made, or even meaningless? Surely human beings are in fact incapable of making truly criterionless choices?
Thanks again, very interesting series of videos...
Well, Sartre was a hard-core anti-determinist (or, as the people in the metaphysics/philosophy of action field use the term a "libertarian"). So, I think he'd remain unconvinced by Harris and the other people out there making such claims for science, prediction, etc.
I myself find those sorts of claims, and the arguments/evidence adduced to back them up unconvincing.
Most likely, I ought to do a core concept video on Sartre and freedom of will as a metaphysical matter
Does choice make truth? Thank you
Mark Trumble No, I don't think so. At least not in most cases
Well, Sartre tries to wiggle his way out of that sort of conclusion -- not really that successfully, in my view. One of the several reasons I'm not a Sartreian existentialist myself
do we have free will?
or is everything predetermined by cause and effect or nature
That may be a false dilemma
Free will based upon moment rather than future... Too vague?
the islamic view is more open about that .. and i quote ( a man came to the prophet asking him to join in defending the muslims the prophet asked is your parents alive ? he responded yes the prophet responded ; then honor your parents by helping them.) thx for the great video
lol