Why is TV Static Monochrome? | Nostalgia Nerd
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- čas přidán 29. 05. 2018
- We've all seen TV snow. Whether because the TV is detuned, or just because we're trying to tune our Mega Drive into a new channel. But why, on a colour TV is this static still presented in a monochrome format? Why aren't these random signals also random colours? Well, let's delve into a byte size episode to find out a bit on how TVs work, and why colour only appears for certain signals.
Inspirational source for video: www.reenigne.org/blog/why-is-...
There was also a recent Quora post: www.quora.com/Why-is-static-o...
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Man CZcams compression did not like that static.
Yeah
Yeah, it had a heart attack
CZcams compression doesn't like ANYTHING. Especially not fine details or video noise and even filmgrain. :(
AWGN noise can't be compressed, entropy level is too high
Vsauce had a video that explained this.
NTSC sets actually have an internal circuit called a "color killer", that accomplishes this. In the absence of a valid colorburst signal, the color demodulators are shut off, giving a monochrome image.
The color killer was needed when not all programming was in color, to prevent random bands of color from ruining a monochrome show.
Also very weak signals look better in black & white than color, just like switching an FM stereo radio to mono mode on weak radio signals.
I like how this entire video doesn't answer the question AT ALL, but instead this comment does. Thank you very much.
That's what we're here for. At least for NTSC users joining in!
This is very apparent in earlier video recordings of B&W shows aired on local stations, as you could see the color burst switch on or off whenever they go from a color intro/bumper to the B&W film. Earlier home video commercial releases also went all B&W as well for FBI Warnings, logos or any other info before or after the film.
Thank you for sharing that!
RIP Bitrate
:(
F
F
Go to 4:50 and set resolution to 144p for a bad time
The compression macroblocking is strong in this one, even worse than grass. Thanks, CZcams
Yep. Reminded me of early HD / ATSC in the USA. When I first got HD 100 years ago, a golf broadcast took a bumper shot of pine needles in the breeze and my 2006 HD set about had a stroke with the blockiness and digital gunk. About as bad as confetti.
FYI, random static is incompressible. You simply can't show it properly on CZcams unless you scale it much smaller, or reduce the framerate. This video had a ton of compression artifacts as a result.
Though if you are clever enough, you can probably come up with some signal that takes up a small-ish amount of data, but decompresses to something that looks like static.
(You would have to specifically engineer that signal. You can't just start with any static and try to compress it. Result will depend on the codec.)
Looked fine to me
@ Well, guess you can generate pseudo-random noise with a random number generator, such as Mersenne Twister. And if you know that you have a random number generator data on input, you can reconstruct it just with the seed (initial state of the random number generator) and the number of bytes. (But usual compression algorithms do not expect to be used on pseudo-random data, and so they do not work well with them.)
@@MikeRosoftJH Yes. What I am suggesting is to do some data analysis to separate the noise from the signal, but instead of recreating the exact noise on replay, you create synthetic noise that's is indistinguishable from the original to the human eye.
When I see a tv fizzing with white noise static, I always think of "They're here" or "don't look at the light, Carol Anne"
OG Poltergeist is BEST Poltergeist.
She died pretty young. I think at 12 due to an intestinal problem.
::reads title::
“I never thought of that”
::instantly clicks::
Fun video!
now we just have to deal with, tilling, total video loss, audio-video synch issues and the slightest of breeze, storms or ant fart knocks the signal out :))
I preferred analog, because you could still watch weak or fluctuating signals with ghosting, snow, fading and other complex signal issues. whereas now it's either good or the whole video stream freezes solid, audio stops or it comes through in bursts and resynch's endlessly.
I hear ya, dude. Digital sucks when it comes domestic Video & Audio long distance transmissions because digital knows only two states. On or Off. Analog doesn't have that drawback and goes fluid from Zero to Hero. Which is why i never understood why TV and Radio suddenly had to be turned digital. I'd rather have a noisy picture or sound rather than NO sound & picture or glitches from Hell. It should have always been both with parallel broadcasting.
@@KRAFTWERK2K6 Is radio digital where you live? Here we have both, but digital (DAB+) is barely used, because either people use analog (FM) or just internet.
@ @@romangiertych5198 : I'm German so we have both FM and DAB+ (for the moment). They actually wanna shut off FM in favor of this NON-function crap DAB+ that nobody wants and which would require all new radios.… To wipe out the last analog domain that simply works without any expensive digital patents, DRM or any form of subscription just to listen…
Except that the level at which a digital TV broadcast becomes unwatchable is much lower than an analog one. I get far more TV stations in digital than were ever watchable for me in analog. So we're still ahead.
@@KRAFTWERK2K6 Digital doesn't only know two states. At least not since the 300 baud modem. Digital has a number of discrete states, usually in both amplitude and phase.
Sometimes you answer interesting questions before I know I want to learn about them. Thanks!
Pacman's Revenge your icon is amazing
Pacman's Revenge Haha seriously. He makes something so small and boring really interesting to learn about
this video actually saved me a lot of hassle in future , thanks . I'm designing a circuit to generate a PAL video signal and had completely ignored the colorburst part of the PAL signal. Thanks
Hope your circuit goes well acid bro
0:39 The COMPRESSION!
That's some intense algorithm.
TNTgamer71 its soooo random than the codec has no posibilities to compress with low loss of information. Im fact, most of the information from the static will be lost during the compresion process.
Always a relevant Tom Scott video: czcams.com/video/r6Rp-uo6HmI/video.html
James Harland I literally learnt about static from that! Tom Scott fan as well
I mean, who isn't! Most of my CZcams watching consists of Tom Scott, Nostalgia Nerd, Techmoan, 8-Bit Guy, Wendover & Half as Interesting.
Edit: Oh, and Gamehut, sorry Jon!
For those wondering, the barn is the Moulton Barn in Grand Tetons National Park near Yellowstone. And when I say "those wondering," I mean me because I know I've photographed that barn.
kingedwin poop do you have a beacon that activates if someone uses your picture?
NTSC - Never The Same Color
NTSC = Non Television Signal Channel
No True Skin Colors
You have to realize that NTSC came before PAL and SECAM. So since it came first they didn't know how to make good colour. Since PAL and SECAM came later, they knew how to make colour coding, hence why they look better.
With the lack of analog TV broadcasts in the USA (other than the low power stuff), the color phase errors are no longer an issue.
@@sneskid78 ATSC still has issues, in fact they took NTSC and somehow managed to make it even worse and ill suited to being a good standard. I'd take my slightly too pink skin tones over dropped frames, and horrid scaling mismatches any day because at least it's a pleasant experience regardless and can be managed with a little color tweaking. We screwed up when we abandoned NTSC and CRTs for this digital nonsense.
It still astonishes me how much data they could broadcast in 480i or something back in the days of over the air TV.
Oh, and great choice of a b&w movie!
allluckyseven still had your cefax/teletext info buried in there too.
I think Ceefax and Teletext were unique to the UK, though I may be wrong. Not only did we have 576i instead of 480i but we also had a spangly over-the-air shitty internet thing, mind you I say it's shit now but I used to love using Teletext in the 80's to find cheats or tips for games :D
Rob Fraser Used it for the same thing. The French had their own system too.
We still have over the air tv, each station borardcasts 3 channels in one stream, 1 1080i and two 576i. Plus's the EPG data. They still use basically the same frequency as with analogue.
Well it's amazing how they could actually reassemble the "old analog" transmitted signal into a decent picture, when the timings are so incredibly critical, which is so much easier now with digital's accuracy. There were some pretty smart and ingenious engineers back than.
Snow is (or was) possible with HDMI, as it draws a digital image on-the-fly, similar to how analog did.
If the signal is messed up, you'd get "Tutti-Fruity" snow with a semi-visible image.
It's also more to do with the protocol that is sent across the wire rather than anything special the wire does itself for the most part. We don't see snow/signal distortion today not because it no longer exists but because our modern video protocols segment the image through packets which allows a device to use error correcting algorithms when the signal does get distorted or it throws the signal out altogether if it can't, leaving a distinct square of missing or previous frame data on the screen.
I figure they'd find a way to kill the snow. I've seen it happen at a Circuit City Blu-Ray setup. You can see the image, mostly, but it was all colorful snow. They were not good at catching tech failing there. :)
Yep, I get coloured stuff sometimes with my dodgy hdmi cable
Doesn't HDMI also contain analog signal paths as well? Just like DVI is also able to pass through VGA signals?
@@georgef551 that's caused by either failing video splitters or some video cable hookup typically in an analog setup. Using analog video connections on HDTVs to show off the quality of the tvs... just awful.
Ahhhhh, the snow channel!
The actual static sound is actually front end noise from the fm receiver. On US NTSC the video picture is actually an AM signal, while the audio portion is wide-fm signal.
The CZcams channel 'Technology Connections' has a great series of videos on how analog TVs works if people are looking for more info on the subject.
Who is gonna win, the black ants or the White ants? :P
Seems to be a tie every time -- so they are stuck in an endless loop of rematches
White is right, so...
no just no you racist fucktard
Black always wins eventually.
The TV has to be turned off sooner or later, and when it goes, everything goes black.
So... Black wins by default.
Thanks to automatic gain control, the TV will always aid the losing side and prevent either achieving lasting victory.
Thanks for the corner hit. I needed that!
Then you added a robocop snip...man this is you're finest piece of work.
Nostalgia Nerd: Answering the burning questions I never thought to ask since 2014!
One day aliens will send a crystal clear, peaceful message to us explaining anti gravity technology and how to produce vast amounts power but it will be in analog and we'll never see it.
JohnnyNismo those of us who keep our CRT TV sets will ;-)
They will think we are still primitive enough to use analogue signals. After all we are still experimenting with nuclear power and haven't arcieved world peace and the end of starvation.
DroehnIng .--Unless they want to see the cavemen blast each other for sport....
Commodorefan64 Only if you still have the antenna plugged in the tv and plus you leave the tv turned on all the time or exatly in the right time.
So basically a few people would be able, i mean very really few people... A number so small, thay they would be considered mad. Also they would have to remember evrything or record, than a smaller number will be recording. So or we wont see it at all or a dozen of people around the globe will see and be considered mad, just that.
DroehnIng Oh if they are like us they will. I mean, just for the fun, well if your entire world is dying and there is nothing to do about it, why not see what things you can do with other worlds?
Thankyou!
Byte size is what made me start following your channel and it's great to have another one after so long!
"The sky above the port was the colour of television, tuned to a dead channel"
Another victim of the march of progress. Great video, the amount of extra stuff they used to slip into signals will never cease to amaze me, where'd CEEFAX fit in?
Ah, memories of Channel 5, where pretty much everyone couldn't get it cos they picked the wrong frequency... :P
twocvbloke I was working in a TV/Video place at the time, as I remember it we got a fee for going out and retuning peoples equipment to work with Channel 5. In retrospect... probably not worth it! Well, for us it was..
In our house at the time, my TV in my bedroom was the only one in the house that could receive Channel 5 (had it tuned in during the test broadcasting before the opening night), the other TVs for some reason couldn't get it at all, not that I had much to celebrate as the signal was so crap that it was just 70% fuzz... :P
Never had to retune for Channel 5 in Milton Keynes. As we had a Community Antenna system the cable company just shoved Channel 5 on whatever frequency that wasn't in use.
The main aerial for our house pointed at a transmitter that simply did not carry channel 5 at first. I was the only one who could get it as I had a TV roof aerial on a telescope stand in the attic pointed at a different transmitter
I used an cheap indoor set-top aerial with a Labtec booster from Argos, not sure what transmitter I was picking up with it, but it was being picked up regardless... :)
Great video! Loved it! Answering a question I didn't think to ask. That's why I love your channel! 😅👍
Have you done one about the wizardry of teletext? I love all this stuff!
KingofPotatoPeople good idea! I love learning about this kinda stuff! Sadly, I wasn't around yet to see stuff like that..
Yeah! This is a great idea for a video! Please make this happen!
Teletext will be back, I firmly believe this internet bollocks is just a fad!
czcams.com/video/n7xEl6SO5Z4/video.html
I turned on the teletext on static, and aftet a minute it come some rabdom letters and i scared.
Bought a Sega Saturn earlier this week which came with the RF plug to connect to my TV instead of composite wires. I had to tune my CRT to search for the channel the signal was coming through on. Haven't done that for years and years!!
Or you could just buy the composite cable lol
its on the shopping list. But I wanted to play it immediately :D
Channel 3!
Well sometimes its 4.
But yeah, those RF devil pitchforks are the single worst connection compared to Composite. Seriously, there is stuff like S-Video, Combonent, RGB, SCART, etc.
Totally. The colour bleed is horrible with RF even with my Trinitron CRT !
Byte Size Thoughts, if youre European, why not scart homie? If you here in the US, s-video or go home, (or scart, but that's a lot of money and headache to get to show on a NTSC tv)
Thanks for answering a question that had been in the back of my mind for years without me knowing. I feel satisfied with this knowledge.
What an awesome vid, you deserve a lot more of a push from YT with videos like this!
In Cuba, they used a combination of the North-American NTSC and the Russian SECAM for broadcasting in analog before switching to the Chinese DTMB standard for digital TV.
SECAM was French, they were the only European nation to have their own TV standard until Russia adopted it and spread it across the Comintern.
Cuba used standard NTSC, but only on VHF. I lived in the Southern US and received it a few times.
I loved the robocop Vision calibration clip!
My friend, this has answered my question to why during heatwaves here high up in the South East, when I could get Dutch TV (among others) for that glorious short time during the hottest parts of the year I could only ever get a clear picture, but no sound (simply white noise hiss audio). I could get full Teletext though, NOS was the channel, or maybe NOS2. Channel 13 I had it saved to on my parent's Ferguson VCRs presets. On a trip to Hilversum I believe I got close to that transmitter in my young adult life.
This stuff has always fascinated me and given me a healthy(?) obsession with TV and Radio broadcasting.
As a kid living in a high up place in the SE, I was lucky enough to be able to point my little indoor aerial upstairs in any which way to receive whichever ITV regional I liked. Upstairs in my room it was Anglia (bare in mind I was in Kent), downstairs the house aerial was pointed at London for Carlton and with a little jiggery pokery I could get Meridian which, I guess, should have been our local but never really was due to the amount of noise on the picture. Damn, remember when regional programming was so unique and mattered? You've got loads to go on for new vids!
Love it!
Any video which includes footage from Bad Influence during an explanation of TV static is going to get my attention. Subbed.
Very informative, thank you.
Excellent question and answer. Keep the awesome content coming!
YES.
The best answers are the one you didn’t know you needed to know.
Nice one.
Robocop, Bad Influence, T2 and a knob playing the drums?
Best. Show. Ever!
Fascinating. Totalling over my head but fascinating.
A strange world made simple. And the old static is still better to watch than half of what's on. Nicely done.
Awesome, as usual. Thanks for the education!
Interesting video. Am glad the days of having to tune tellies are long gone!
Great information, thanks a bunch!
Very informative, thanks for the video!
Awesome awesome flick. Many thanks mate!
Oh wow, this is very good; great work!
My grandmother's old GTE Sylvania Superset had color snow on a open channel. It was just the way it was drawing the snow on the tube that made it colorful. Just off topic, but it was cool when you could hear audio from one station and video from another on the same channel. I could hear WGEM-TV and see KOLR-TV at the same time on the same channel.
I'd wager that there's a very, very large portion of your audience that loves retro videogames, but don't actually play retro games, especially on retro hardware, any longer. That's why we come to you. You take all the hassle out of loving retro gaming and distill it down to a thing of beauty with not a sign of headache in sight. Thank you!
Great Channel man really love these informative videos and it's really random information but that's kind of shit I like so thank you again
Always wanted to know this back when I was a kid but never had the means to find out.
2:21 hahaha, Johnson noise
I don't get it :-(
@@jez9999 Johnson is a slang word for penis. There you go 😉
Love that sound looking for a sound machine that has this true white noise!
Fun Fact: A few decades ago tv audio at the tv station was sent via phone line from the audio source and then went to the tv station via phone then sent via am/fm signal to you
Reminds me of the old days when I was a kid. We had a Sony TV hooked up to a roof antenna. We had all the channel buttons on the front of it because it was so old. Anyway, there was so many channels, that the last 2 buttons of channels were labeled as * and we had to tune to that particular channel and press a few switches up and press left and right buttons to make the TV tune into the other channel under it. It would have the static for a few minutes and make some weird noises. Finally when it was done with the cycling of the channel you found, you could then push back down the 2 switches and put back the little cupboard door and watch what you wanted to watch. Fun stuff.
Wow that took me way back to my College days when I did the City + Guilds 224 course in Electronics and B/W TV repair.......(1981-83 full time)
It's 2018 and CZcams can't even show static well. We've gone backwards...
It's 2020 and CZcams can't still show static very well! As a matter of fact, we're de-evolved...
I‘ve searched over an hour for this answer. Thank you from Germany 🇩🇪 👌🏼
So obvious, yet still surprising. Nice video!
Not only older TVs - even CZcams sometimes spoofs a TV static when there is a network error.
Quite interesting. I remember reading how the BBC wiped loads of the early colour Dr Who episodes. They did an appeal and got a lot of them back but some only in B&W copies. Because the colourbust signal is retained, they were able to extract it and re-colourize them.
Very good question and well answered!
My goodness, this brings back memories.
I remember this from my toddler to teen years as my Dad was a TV engineer, until the arse seriously fell out of the repair market in the mid-late 90's, and he'd be repairing all manner of TV, VHS recorders and even Sky TV boxes when there was only 16 more channels on Sky and most of it was junk.
He's show me what was what on the TV he'd converted into an oscilloscope for a 'show piece' and where the various signals were on the bandwidth!
MPEG2 video compression used in DVD. digital television and Blu-ray uses YCrBr color space which is basically a digital version of YUV. This is because you can cut the bandwidth by 1/3'rd off the top by reducing the horizontal resolution of the color information by 1/2 (each color pixel is blended with it's immediate neighbors to color the extra brightness pixels) and also because YCrBr color space works very well with lossey image compression (JPEG image compression uses YCrBr color space for example). Note that you don;t have to cut the color data resolution (known as 4:2:2) it's possible to use 4:4:4 YCrBr where the color information and brightness information have the same resolution. It's also possible to cut the color information to one quarter of the brightness information and some web video codecs do this (4:1:1). Another interesting thing about YCrBr is that the color space has areas of "imaginary" colors that cannot exist in the reel world. The color triad of a YCrBr color space is more of a teardrop-like shape unlike the triangle of RGB color space.
What a brilliantly interesting video about a very boring subject !
Top work *NN* !
Very informative, I didn't know that I wanted to know this.
New bite sized: Why doesn't no signal text reach corner?
I never even thought about this. Nice.
What you did get completely wrong is that the colour information is transmitted completely within the line, not outside it, the colorburst doesnt contain any information on the colours used in the line. It is just the reference for hue.
Instead what the colorburst signal does is sync an internal oscillator to the phase of the colour subcarrier at the start of each line. The colour is then encoded in the difference between that phase and the phase of the subcarrier at any point in the line.
The reason PAL has half the colour resolution to line resolution (NTSC does not) is that Phase Alternating Line colour is used to cancel out changes in the recieved phase - each line's colour is transmitted twice - once with the phase inverted so any phase distortion will cancel out. Some sets do this in electronics with a delay line, some particularly older sets just rely on your eyes to even it out.
"Never directly hits the corner." I've only ever see it hit the corner once, in a vine. The people who witnessed it were in shock :)
I didn’t know that, even when born in an era B&W tv was still mainstream. Thank you for another great vid!
Thank you for this!
Loved the 'Terminator 2' and 'RoboCop' clips.
The color burst doesn't actually contain any information about the color on a scanline. Rather it syncs an oscillator inside the TV that generates the color subcarrier necessary to decode the color information encoded into the luminance signal. To save bandwidth the subcarrier for the color signal is suppressed during transmission except for the color burst. Since the color information is embedded into the luminance it can have an impact on pre color black and white tvs, highly colored areas could show a dot pattern. Later black and white tvs would use the colorburst to filter out the color information and send a pure luminance signal to the electron gun.
That snow absolutely destroyed the bitrate
Great explanation. Ahh the music of the universe.
0:55 my exact thought here this was literally "hmm i wonder if he made it so it will hit the corner"
And sure enough
Watching that static reminded me of something weird from the early 90s. If you had a good old portable TV with a tuning wheel (but I'm sure it would work on any TV back then) and you tuned way down to the left past all the usual main stations there was a scrambled signal. It wasn't totally scrambled like satellite channels, you could still see stuff and my memory might be fooling me but it was good enough to read titles and captions and pretty much work out what was going on. I don't think it had audio.
Forgot to mention it only came on during the night, starting around 2am.
It seemed to be all about health and the medical profession and aimed at said professionals, whether as a training/education tool I don't know.
Anyone else remember this?
no one:
me: *ACCIDENTALLY CHANGES THE TV FROM HDMI TO CHANNELS*
The first order in the design brief of NTSC and PAL was to be backward compatible with B&W. The chroma signal carrier frequency was chosen very carefully and it is as you may have seen not a simple 3.5 or 4.4MHz, it is for PAL exactly 4.43361875 MHz, as this allowed the colour sidebands to interleave exactly with those of the luminance signal. Ideally no interference would be visible on a black and white transmission picked up by either a B&W TV or a colour TV. The system was not perfect though and critical viewers could notice some fringing. The video colour amplifiers also when free running in absence of a colour signal tended to make things worse. The colour killer circuit would switch off the colour video amplifiers in absence of a colour burst on the front porch. Without that the snow would always be B&W regardless.
Fun facts 1. the picture of mountains with the old barn in front those are the Grand Teton mountains 2.i live near to them and I have actually been to that barn in particular im not sure if it is still around but it was when i was 8 back in 2005.
Excellent video.
Gaslight is a really good film. I remember getting it in one of those $5 for 50 Movies DVD packs, and it was probably one of the best ones on it.
I find both the sound and video of TV "noise" soothing.
You just answered a question I never asked myself again... nice
Side note: Remember when tv stations went off the air for at least a few hours late every night? In Seattle they did until maybe 1990 when paid commercial advertisements would play all night.
Ben Wolfram reached out his hand, and touched the face of God. This concludes our broadcast day.
I remember that! I still happen to have a video recording of ABC5 (WOI-TV/DT from West Des Moines/Ames IA) that it went off the air with both the sign-on and sign-off included. The original video recording itself was recorded back sometime between November 2009-September 25, 2011, when the station stopped signing off the air.
@@WickerBasket9 wow, I'm surprised they signed off as late as the 2010s. As soon as it stopped here in Seattle i just figured it did everywhere else, too.
@@MrWolfTickets Yup! After everything went all 100% digital, the whole old school sign on and sign off went away. It makes me glad that I still have that old video recording back when analog TV was still a thing. That's archival-worthy content!
@Nostalgia Nerd what's the title of the music of your video?
I never asked myself this question. Thanks for this video!
Now I can't stop wondering what would happen if the no signal box hit one of the corners. Thanks.
CZcams’s compression of the video makes the fuzz look all blury
JULIE PIERSON it's pretty intense.
JULIE PIERSON All digital crap...well, looks like pixelated crap. We've gone backwards. Newer "better."
We used to call it “ant war” in Sweden way back
well, I learned more than I bargained for!
I tell ya, playings Resident Evil 2 in black and white (US import) back in late 90s surprisingly only added to, or maybe even created its spooky mood.
Who's the musician (or the company) behind the fine sequenced tune of the vid? It definitely added some Tangerine Dream / John Dyson-ish sound-like feel to the glorious days of VHS ... and - eerrr - static too. Good job, as always.
TL;DR: The color burst is not present so there is only a B&W signal.
Great video, though. Well worth the view.
Nice Jaguar cameo!
LOL @ the no signal never hits the corner. I can relate!
LOL at the black and white days. If the president was on you were GOING to miss your episode of Flipper.lmao
First rule of TV: The "No Signal" box never directly hits the corner.
nice starset pic!!
in the US some of the VHF channels could get their audio feeds on an FM radio that uses an analog tuner.
David Kearns US channel 6 touched the FM band. The audio was on 87.75MHz. Most FM radios could receive it.
it was actually easy and quite handy to "Up tune" an FM radio for receive NTSC TV Audio... I did it to a portable battery powered one for my mom's friend when she started losing her hearing.
Back when I had cable and had both of my VCRs hooked up to each to my RCA 27R411T 25-inch CRT TVRCA 27R411T 25-inch CRT TV, US channel 95 touched with 101.3 Mhz while US channel 96 touched both 91.1 MHz and 101.1 MHz while US channel 97 touched 105.7 MHz (although very fuzzy). No joke, either! I used to get a whole bunch of weird signals back when I had cable TV! Well, _digital_ cable TV since I had both VCRs and my CRT connected to a digital adapter.
Fascinating!