Understanding RMS Values in AC Circuits √2 ? | Voltage | Current

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  • čas přidán 8. 06. 2024
  • 🔍 Dive deep into the world of AC circuits with our comprehensive tutorial! In this video, we demystify RMS values, exploring essential equations for calculating voltage, power, and current in alternating current systems. Whether you're a student, hobbyist, or professional, this tutorial is your guide to understanding and applying key electrical engineering concepts.
    🕒 Timestamps:
    0:00 - Introduction to AC Circuits
    1:20 - Deriving Power Equations for DC Circuits
    2:43 - Deriving Power Equations for AC Circuits
    6:45 - Comparing AC and DC Power Calculations
    6:59 - Importance of RMS Values
    7:30 - Deriving RMS AC Circuits
    8:21 - Using RMS values
    📚 Key Takeaways:
    Learn the fundamentals of AC circuits
    Understand the significance of RMS values
    Explore power calculations for AC and DC systems
    Simplify complex equations for streamlined analysis
    👍 If you find this tutorial helpful, please like, share, and subscribe for more in-depth content on electrical engineering. Enhance your knowledge and stay tuned for upcoming tutorials!
    #RMS #ACcircuits #ElectricalEngineering #PowerCalculation #Voltage #Current #Tutorial #EngineeringEducation #OhmsLaw #DIYElectronics #ElectronicsExplained #STEMeducation

Komentáře • 138

  • @dalesmith8666
    @dalesmith8666 Před 4 měsíci +50

    As an electrical engineer (myself retired), your explanation, with detail, is very well done ! Thumbs up. I've passed this along to others.

  • @billcrowell5096
    @billcrowell5096 Před 4 měsíci +36

    This is the single best presentation on Ohm's Law, DC and AC circuits that I've EVER seen! I've been doing electronics since 1972.

  • @envitech02
    @envitech02 Před 4 měsíci +18

    In 1988, right out of high school, I studied electronics engineering. I studied Ohm's Law, P=VI and RMS. But I never got around to why RMS is RMS. Now as a 50+ old geezer, I know. The animation at 4:05 is brilliant!!!

    • @monteceitomoocher
      @monteceitomoocher Před 4 měsíci +1

      Something a visual representation makes a concept much more clear and understandable.

  • @martinfarfsing5995
    @martinfarfsing5995 Před 4 měsíci +9

    I have college and university degrees in electronics and electrical engineering, oh how I wish your tutorial and internet site existed then , I'm looking thru your sites , thank you

  • @d3vilman69
    @d3vilman69 Před 4 měsíci +8

    Damn. That is one crystal-clear explanation of the RMS value. I know there is such a thing as RMS voltage in AC circuits but never could comprehend how it is derived. Hope I had CZcams in my college days..

  • @loren6609
    @loren6609 Před 21 hodinou

    this is pure gold. one of the best videos ive seen. thank you very much

  • @eltranjbar6837
    @eltranjbar6837 Před 22 dny

    Great explanation after years of being an engineer we are getting to understand voltage and current 😂😊
    I always thank God that there are scientists who think and research to help us understand such things .

  • @note9redmi17
    @note9redmi17 Před 4 měsíci +4

    Good job. You managed to explain a not simple concept using concise and effective approach.

  • @Tim-Kaa
    @Tim-Kaa Před 4 měsíci +5

    Beautifully explained, thank you!

  • @tharangakpkk
    @tharangakpkk Před 4 měsíci +1

    Best video as an electrical engineer i have ever seen explaining this...

  • @gunaratna123
    @gunaratna123 Před 4 měsíci +2

    I had a blurred idea about RMS. It started with measuring UPS and SMP power supplies. Understood that cheap multimeters cannot measure the correct voltage etc. You cleared it. Thank you!

  • @adhamraad8619
    @adhamraad8619 Před 4 měsíci +4

    Unbelievable
    Very interesting 👍
    Thanks

  • @gregkocher5352
    @gregkocher5352 Před 4 měsíci +1

    It was decades ago, we went through the full derivation for RMS. About 15 years into my career I forgot how to derive it, but knew the sqrt of 2. Lol. This is a very nice review of the subject.

  • @BeautifulPlaces7290
    @BeautifulPlaces7290 Před 2 měsíci

    The best video with the best and simplest explanation I have ever seen

  • @mohsenyousef4505
    @mohsenyousef4505 Před měsícem

    If I’d have known this analogy during my study it would’ve saved lots of time and could pass the class with better grade

  • @piotrgorynski1810
    @piotrgorynski1810 Před 4 měsíci +2

    Why youtube and guys like you didn’t exist in 1992? DZIĘKUJĘ 🎉❤😊

  • @johndevires5911
    @johndevires5911 Před 4 měsíci +1

    NOW I understand. Thank you very much. 👍

  • @naharsingh7537
    @naharsingh7537 Před 4 měsíci +1

    Very nice topic for basic Electrical engineering

  • @Electric_Sherlock
    @Electric_Sherlock Před 2 měsíci

    This is not how I learned it but exactly how I understood it to be. Far too often do we expect others to teach us and make us understand. Yes, there are some teachers that are better than others, but that doesn’t diminish the responsibility we have to ourselves for our own understanding of a topic

  • @vincentpinto1127
    @vincentpinto1127 Před 3 měsíci

    Fascinating! Wish I had learnt it like this in the early 80s!

  • @malikaamir6412
    @malikaamir6412 Před 2 měsíci

    Best video on this topic uptill now 👍👍👍

  • @B00BS.
    @B00BS. Před 4 měsíci

    Brilliant explanation using the animation. Liked it!

  • @trangia12
    @trangia12 Před 3 měsíci

    Great presentation, thank you.

  • @ferhatnusreturuc1809
    @ferhatnusreturuc1809 Před 4 měsíci +1

    thank you, very good explaination.

  • @jensschroder8214
    @jensschroder8214 Před 4 měsíci +4

    The voltage changes in the US 60 times, in Europe 50 times.
    In Japan there are both networks, one 50Hz and one 60Hz, but only 100V RMS
    The voltage is 220V RMS in Russia, 230V RMS in continental Europe and 240V RMS in England.
    V peak is almost never used and V RMS is almost always used!
    V peak is only used when the AC voltage is rectified and the expected maximum DC voltage is asked.
    V RMS x SQR(2) = V peak
    V RMS x1,414 = V peak

  • @Jo20020
    @Jo20020 Před 8 dny

    it was amazing.
    Thank you

  • @mp4338
    @mp4338 Před 4 měsíci +4

    The peak voltage is usually used for capacitor. You must select capacitor voltage w/this voltage and no Vrms. In DC capacity the selected voltage must be function of the capacitor model. It is better 2 time more voltage than used dc voltage (specialy for tantalum).

  • @uksachin8892
    @uksachin8892 Před 4 měsíci +4

    Suprised To see a new way to derive The equation. initially I know a method to derive this equation using calculus but this method is more mind wobbling...

    • @am9ac11
      @am9ac11 Před 4 měsíci +2

      As an electrical engineer myself, this method explains how ac power formulas started, but the calculus wad explains the understanding of what the words Root Mean Square mean. You can't average and sine wave centered on zero, so square it, now its all positive, now average it (mean), now reverse the squaring(root). And voila RMS and you get the same answer Vpeak / root 2.

  • @Esraa_MA
    @Esraa_MA Před 3 měsíci

    Wow! 🤩 you smashed it👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

  • @straightstreet7143
    @straightstreet7143 Před 4 měsíci +1

    Very clear man 👍

  • @VivekMudgil-rf2co
    @VivekMudgil-rf2co Před 4 měsíci +1

    Excellent Professor

  • @JoeMcLutz
    @JoeMcLutz Před 4 měsíci +1

    Thank You. 👍🏻

  • @user-hz6er5ld9k
    @user-hz6er5ld9k Před měsícem

    Best job think you for this

  • @msg1956
    @msg1956 Před měsícem

    Excellent..!

  • @mathiazhagan92
    @mathiazhagan92 Před měsícem

    Super explaining. ..

  • @henryaganon514
    @henryaganon514 Před měsícem

    as a retired ECE this should be the way we teach this to kids.

  • @nkvirk988
    @nkvirk988 Před 3 měsíci

    Excellent explanation

  • @moazzamjadoon4436
    @moazzamjadoon4436 Před 4 měsíci +1

    I have known about the RMS formula for at least 30 years. It's the first time that I know from where this equation comes.

  • @mikeb4650
    @mikeb4650 Před 4 měsíci

    Phenomenal introduction. Future videos on phase discrimination and power factors would be extremely beneficial. For myself I have never been successful with teaching 746 watts = 1HP, but a 110v rms, 1 hp motor takes 10.2amps average.

  • @eltek04
    @eltek04 Před 4 měsíci +1

    Very useful

  • @hugovanderzee4944
    @hugovanderzee4944 Před 2 měsíci

    This is by far the most clear explanation I have seen. Well done!
    Minor detail, at 8:55 it says that Vpeak is 325.3. I suppose this needs to be 352.3 (as it states a few seconds later correctly).

  • @bretmutasa2676
    @bretmutasa2676 Před 28 dny

    Very good, I wish you could cover more topics

  • @amifamousyet1146
    @amifamousyet1146 Před 4 měsíci +1

    This is gold

  • @OlaJendor
    @OlaJendor Před 4 měsíci

    This is so interesting

  • @cosmicazur
    @cosmicazur Před 4 měsíci +1

    Awesome

  • @Scorpster
    @Scorpster Před 4 měsíci +6

    OMG, I've known about RMS for 45 years, but always thought household power was peak to peak. Even wired my own house from pole to multiple subpanels, how could I have missed that? Just one of the many new things I learned today....

    • @wilcoxdaniel9825
      @wilcoxdaniel9825 Před 3 měsíci

      A negative voltage multiplied by a negative current gives always a positive power. Power then cannot be negative.

  • @yasiral-shawi7521
    @yasiral-shawi7521 Před měsícem

    Good job

  • @mixme8655
    @mixme8655 Před 4 měsíci

    New subscriber always watching your videos very interesting❤

  • @dajo4349
    @dajo4349 Před 25 dny

    Very good videos. I liked the voice, too. I liked the water analogies. I’m going to look at your other videos. Thanks

  • @sagittariusa5642
    @sagittariusa5642 Před 4 měsíci +4

    Next video ÷ how to transformer less(Capacitor) power supplies work. It Actually convert the voltage? And how about efficiency.

  • @donepearce
    @donepearce Před 4 měsíci +1

    Thank you for using the term Average Power. So many people who should know better think that the product of RMS voltage and RMS current is RMS power. That irritates.

  • @danburch9989
    @danburch9989 Před 4 měsíci +8

    The RMS value is .707 x peak value of a pure sine wave

    • @civildiscourse2000
      @civildiscourse2000 Před 4 měsíci

      Yes, 0.707 being an approximation of 1/(square root of 2).

  • @mehmetaltinsoy525
    @mehmetaltinsoy525 Před 3 měsíci

    Thanks

  • @sinaabdi2815
    @sinaabdi2815 Před 3 měsíci

    Thank you very much. Im electric engineer but never understand these . Thank you

  • @user-gx9od5by3n
    @user-gx9od5by3n Před 4 měsíci +1

    Thank you I use in study in 12th-Sci

  • @tmatheson54
    @tmatheson54 Před 3 měsíci

    Nice. Thanks. Having exposure to this many times during my 40 plus year career in engineering and as a hobby as a young teenager I found that for RMS when I really got to the Root of this I found that Squares can be really Mean!
    😮. Sorry. Humor. I really did like the presentation.

  • @kamalhamdi6739
    @kamalhamdi6739 Před 4 měsíci

    Thank you for information khalid du Maroc Casablanca

  • @7trepwebstarfieldpaliar943
    @7trepwebstarfieldpaliar943 Před měsícem

    If you were my electrical engineering professor, I surely will have the best grades❤

  • @farhadghasemi3684
    @farhadghasemi3684 Před 4 měsíci

    thanks

  • @mach1553
    @mach1553 Před 4 měsíci +1

    RMS is the "square Root of the sum (Mean) of the Squares / 2" - By taking measurements of a sinewave evenly along both sides & peak, squaring each, add them together, then square root the sum which is the RMS voltage. The equation V=V/√2 is the simple method.

    • @civildiscourse2000
      @civildiscourse2000 Před 4 měsíci

      And that's why we use it - it's simple. It's only necessary to use a more sophisticated approach for non-sinusoidal waveforms, would you agree?

  • @simontsegaygebre4196
    @simontsegaygebre4196 Před 4 měsíci +1

    Wonderful presentation and animation! Keep it up
    However, here
    II do not see any mean square .
    Do it with the mean square. Using statistics formula.

  • @SachinPatel-pe6rv
    @SachinPatel-pe6rv Před 4 měsíci

    Great video. love the tiktok voice

  • @heronimousbrapson863
    @heronimousbrapson863 Před 4 měsíci +2

    The current changes direction 100 times a second (120 times in North America). It goes through 50 (60) complete cycles per second.

  • @milroykoelmeyer
    @milroykoelmeyer Před 4 měsíci

    Sir
    l want to know what is differnes between
    RMS & PMPO and when the output power is given in PMPO IN amps how to calculet the RMS POWER OUT PUT OF THEAMP
    AWATING for teply pl pl

  • @B00BS.
    @B00BS. Před 4 měsíci

    So, if my RMS is 120V and the peak is 169.7V (as in 8:40) and I use a rectifier to convert it to DC, will I get somewhat 169.7V reading in a voltmeter at the end???

  • @CommercialGasEngineerVideos
    @CommercialGasEngineerVideos Před 4 měsíci

    Thanks, never heard of this.

  • @pibbles-a-plenty1105
    @pibbles-a-plenty1105 Před 4 měsíci

    Yeah, so far, so good. But how does one come up with RMS voltage and current?

  • @abdelmalek9682
    @abdelmalek9682 Před 4 měsíci

    Is this concept of average AC power applies to both 1 and 3 phases systèmes ?

  • @mikeadler434
    @mikeadler434 Před 4 měsíci

    👍👍

  • @jayeshmakwana1476
    @jayeshmakwana1476 Před 4 měsíci

    👍

  • @TallLongGuy
    @TallLongGuy Před 4 měsíci +1

    What service does the voice over. Everyone is using it.

    • @civildiscourse2000
      @civildiscourse2000 Před 4 měsíci

      I'd love to know as well. Unfortunately it's used for a lot of garbage, and this video is very much the opposite.

  • @dashsidhartha
    @dashsidhartha Před 4 měsíci

    In other words, RMS value is the DC equivalent voltage in order for the circuit to consume the same power if connected to a DC source. Am I correct?

  • @mohammadmajeed4853
    @mohammadmajeed4853 Před 4 měsíci

    👍💙💙

  • @mohsenyousef4505
    @mohsenyousef4505 Před měsícem

    So, the difference between either the V or I RMS and the effective peak voltage or current is basically the loss it happens during the power transmission!

  • @Shivani12326
    @Shivani12326 Před 4 měsíci

    Nice Explanation I have a one question that why power is only in positive

    • @rickb7933
      @rickb7933 Před 4 měsíci

      Power can also be zero but not negative. Think about it intuitively. How could there be negative power? Either work is being performed (positive) or it isn't (zero). The voltage and current being either positive or negative simply refers to the direction the current is flowing. Regardless of direction work is still being performed.

  • @UnitFerminBDauag
    @UnitFerminBDauag Před 3 měsíci +1

    ⭐⭐⭐⭐

  • @mirskym
    @mirskym Před 4 měsíci

    Next - power calculation in three phase circuits

  • @dalenassar9152
    @dalenassar9152 Před měsícem

    Doesn't Root-Mean-Square (RMS) imply SQUARING a time-varying waveform, then taking the AVERAGE (MEAN) value of that, and finally taking the SQUARE root of all that?
    My guess is that dividing the peak by sqrt(2) only gives the RMS value of a SINE wave, but other waveforms need the whole RMS sequence. Isn't this what "TRUE RMS" DMM's do for 'any' waveform?
    THANKS MUCH!!!!
    --dalE

  • @Mesa_Mike
    @Mesa_Mike Před 4 měsíci

    We use 60 Hz in the USA and the direction of the current changes 120 times a second.

  • @cacornett58
    @cacornett58 Před 3 měsíci

    I think that the Average value is actually .637 of the peak. Avg= P * .637. So 169v*.637= 108.12vac.

  • @normstaley9799
    @normstaley9799 Před 4 měsíci +1

    simply put - to find Vrms multiply peak voltage by the sin of 45 degrees, and divide Vrms by sin 45 to get peak Voltage

    • @thomasmaughan4798
      @thomasmaughan4798 Před 4 měsíci +1

      It works but has nothing to do with sine per se; just that the sine of 45 degrees (in a 360 degree circle) just happens to be the square root of 2.

    • @normstaley9799
      @normstaley9799 Před 4 měsíci

      @@thomasmaughan4798 I didn't mean to imply that it did, just an easy way to remember the numbers

    • @normstaley9799
      @normstaley9799 Před 4 měsíci

      @@thomasmaughan4798 also the presence or absence of a "360 degree circle" has no bearing on the sin of any angle

    • @thomasmaughan4798
      @thomasmaughan4798 Před 4 měsíci

      @@normstaley9799 "just an easy way to remember the numbers"
      That's good; whatever works! I have known this relation for decades but this video simplifies it considerably and removes trigonometric functions.

    • @normstaley9799
      @normstaley9799 Před 4 měsíci

      @@thomasmaughan4798 If you think all the algebraic steps this video goes through to get the answer is simpler than using the method I suggested then we should have a discussion on the meaning of the word SIMPLE

  • @winniethepooh1931
    @winniethepooh1931 Před 3 měsíci

    My multimeter measured household peek to be 120v. Are multimeters RMS?

    • @user-lt9py2pu6u
      @user-lt9py2pu6u Před 3 měsíci

      Most of the cheaper multimeters give an approximate RMS value which is usually not that far off anyway. Multimeters are available that give a true rns value. It will probably tell you in the specs for your meter which one you have.

  • @Menshinin
    @Menshinin Před 3 měsíci

    Странно. Если сравнивать площадь полуволны и прямоугольника такой же ширины, там не корень из 2, а Пи делить на два.

  • @LungsMcGee
    @LungsMcGee Před 4 měsíci

    Thank heavens for irrational numbers. In this case root 2.

  • @sollykhan2385
    @sollykhan2385 Před 14 dny +1

    what can i say, apart from 'Shocking' 🙂

  • @thorhammer6040
    @thorhammer6040 Před 4 měsíci

    you said 325v on the last slide but the graph says 352.3v. Typo

  • @LM-bn1wt
    @LM-bn1wt Před 4 měsíci +1

    50 Hz in europe, 60 Hz in the US.

  • @markmanning2921
    @markmanning2921 Před 4 měsíci +1

    Isnt England 240v ?

    • @okaro6595
      @okaro6595 Před 4 měsíci

      Britain has officially 230 but in practice 240 V they play tricks with the marginals. In 1980 the IEC decided to harmonize 220 V and 240 V to 230 V European countries switched to 230 V but Britain just said they did and used the marginal to cheat.

  • @yunngalex
    @yunngalex Před 4 měsíci

    Shanilka Ariyarathne

  • @RV35648
    @RV35648 Před 4 měsíci

    Power will not be +ve , it also varies from +ve to - ve like voltage and current , but understand a -ve or +ve will not matter in an appliance all it is only dissipation .

  • @jozsiolah1435
    @jozsiolah1435 Před 4 měsíci

    RMS Titanic didn't have the electric lines on when the crew members escaped before sinking. About 10 󾓥 󾓦 󾓧 󾓨 󾓩 󾓪 󾓫 󾓬 󾓭 󾓮s escaped from the back part using a rope to a smaller ultra modern motor boat, designed today.

  • @JonJon-rj6xo
    @JonJon-rj6xo Před 4 měsíci

    240 uk

  • @jankelbich4605
    @jankelbich4605 Před 4 měsíci

    But in the Europe we usually have 400 V (RMS). Peak value is approximately 566 V.

    • @vladimirarnost8020
      @vladimirarnost8020 Před 4 měsíci +1

      400 V is the voltage *between phases* in a 3-phase system: 230 V * √3 = around 400 V.
      230 V is the RMS voltage between any phase and ground.

  • @jensschroder8214
    @jensschroder8214 Před 4 měsíci

    You don't need to calculate that precisely.
    If the RMS is specified as 230V, then the voltage
    fluctuates in practice between 221 and 239V. 96% up to 104% of the target.
    The values ​​can worsted case be 90% up to 110% of the target, i. e. 207V up to 253V

    • @civildiscourse2000
      @civildiscourse2000 Před 4 měsíci

      With respect, what has line voltage variabilty to do with the underlying circuit theory?
      The video is an explanation of the relationship between DC values and their corresponding AC rms (aka effective) values. Although familiar line voltages are used for example, the relationship is applicable to sinusoids of any magnitude. The degree of necessary precision is a separate practical matter.

  • @gleambrite2679
    @gleambrite2679 Před 3 měsíci

    This is the stuff that drives you insane. If you are an engineer or even a hobbyist you do need to know this stuff. AC circuits can be difficult. Where was You Tube in 1992?

  • @richardlynneweisgerber2552
    @richardlynneweisgerber2552 Před 2 měsíci

    The ai-driven voice is rather bothersome. But, I need a refresher in this RMS thing really makes for a linear power supply that doesn't burn-out the transformer nearly as quick, and runs much cooler. This AI-powered voice is darn close, but its preponderance of clipped frictatives, grates my nerves. (as if I actually know what clipped fricatives, a bit of a mystery to me. So, THANK Professor MAD
    In 1984,pondering and cogitating my music and photography 'ny Mad because I am mad as hell and taking it anymore. Gello cuz I'm all wobbly implementing any sort of self-defense, so Ricardo MadGello.
    If there is an adjustable parameter controlled the the , not sur what its really called, but in the vicinity of consonantsbeing a bit sharp-edged, is more like it? Take Care and thanks again, Maestro.
    When I arrived at the Boolean Algebra in the Heathkit Digital Electronics course, I somehow managed to incorporate it in my debate tactics. Utilizing pure logic, instead of made-up woowoo science, works great when in the presence of law-school-ruined folks, where logic and proportion? they do not need LSD to toss those out the door, and these folks decided 190 degree scalding fluid caused 3rd-degree burns. That is charred flesh. out ;-)

    • @nm1978
      @nm1978 Před 2 měsíci

      yes I hate this ni.... robotic voice too

  • @zilog357
    @zilog357 Před 4 měsíci +3

    So in summary, it is faster the old way, RMS = peak value x 0.707

    • @civildiscourse2000
      @civildiscourse2000 Před 4 měsíci

      Your comment makes me wonder if you thought the video was suggesting we go through a long-winded process to make routine calculations instead of just using "the old way."
      First of all, the "old way" (0.707peak) is just an approximation of peak/root 2, which is what the video arrives at.
      This point was to show how peak/root 2 can be derived, and thus where it came from. This can also be shown using calculus, but this derivation is elegant in that it uses only basic algebra and circuit theory.

    • @zilog357
      @zilog357 Před 4 měsíci

      @@civildiscourse2000 No, not at all. I knew the long process from technical school but I just wanted to add that shortcut. Your video is great for knowing where the values come from and their relationship, but in a hurry, and without the need to be too precise, 0.707peak is acceptable and I know that many people will be at ease using the short way.
      That said, your video is nice and shown in an elegant way. I am sure that interested lurkers will appreciate the details :)

    • @civildiscourse2000
      @civildiscourse2000 Před 4 měsíci +1

      @@zilog357 Lovely response, thanks. One mlnor point: I'm only a wandering surfer. The content isn't mine.

  • @yuurishibuya4797
    @yuurishibuya4797 Před 4 měsíci

    Well, calling a simple Vdc equivalent of ac with a fancy small name Vrms will confuse ppl. They will revisit the definition and Vrms definitely is pretty much useless to understand. The definitions typically don’t say that it is average representation of an AC voltage and yada yada…

  • @georgerocks5191
    @georgerocks5191 Před 3 měsíci

    100 times a second...not 50

  • @forresthudspeth6791
    @forresthudspeth6791 Před 4 měsíci +1

    spell check your presentation. very unprofessional to have a slide heading say”Squre” instead of “Square”.