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The Rise and Fall Of Ancient Israel - Prof. Israel Finkelstein. Ep3: The Bronze Age Collapse
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- čas přidán 14. 08. 2024
- The Rise and Fall of Ancient Israel is a series of in-depth conversations about the archaeology and history of Ancient Israel with Prof. Israel Finkelstein and Dr. Matthew J. Adams.
Episode 3: The Late Bronze Age Collapse
The Rise and Fall Of Ancient Israel - All Episodes
• The Rise of Ancient Is...
Prof. Israel Finkelstein is a leading figure in the archaeological and historical research of Ancient Israel. Throughout forty years of field work and study Prof. Finkelstein has managed to change the way archaeology is conducted, and to greatly influence the way the bible is interpreted, and the history of Israel is reconstructed.
Prof. Finkelstein is a professor emeritus at Tel Aviv University and the head of the School of Archaeology and Maritime Cultures at the University of Haifa. Prof. Finkelstein is active in the archaeology of the Levant and is an applicant of archaeological data in reconstructing biblical history. He is also known for applying the exact and life sciences in archaeological and historical reconstruction. Prof. Finkelstein is the current excavator of Megiddo, a key site for the study of the Bronze and Iron Ages in the Levant. Prof. Finkelstein is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities and an associé étranger of the French Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.
Dr. Matthew J. Adams is an archaeologist who specializes in the Near East. He is currently director of the Jezreel Valley Regional Project and a Co-Director of the Megiddo Expedition along with Prof. Finkelstein.
Dr. Adams sat down with Prof. Finkelstein over several sessions to talk about how a lifetime of work has informed the story of Ancient Israel. These conversations became the series The Rise of Ancient Israel with Israel Finkelstein.
Books by Professor Israel Finkelstein (affiliated links)
==
The Quest for the Historical Israel: Archaeology and the History of Early Israel
Paperback
amzn.to/3kKmmbM
Kindle
amzn.to/3Jt9gtU
=
The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts
Paperback
amzn.to/3HgRfMJ
=
The Forgotten Kingdom: The Archaeology and History of Northern Israel
Paperback
amzn.to/3RpRkST
===
Written and Produced by Israel Finkelstein and Matthew J. Adams.
Cinematography and Editing by Yuval Pan.
Infographics & Publishing: KEDEM Channel.
Special thanks to The W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research
This series is made possible with a grant from the Shmunis Family Foundation.
#KEDEM
#israel
#archeology
#history
#bible
#judaism
#documentary
#ancienthistory
#ancient
I'd already read "Bible Unearthed" and "Quest for the Historical Israel", but I'm really enjoying and learning so much more, listening to these discussions between Prof Finkelstein & Dr Adams. An excellent exposition of the material, well organised and presented. Thanks for bringing this scholarship to a wider audience!
Finklestein is the man. I love me the science he drops. No mere conjecture, no tendentiousness, just the facts, ma’am.
It is amazing to listen to Finkelstein talking about these things.
Thank you 🙏
I always appreciate Finkelstein and he hasn't disappointed.
Agreed! His explanation is always superb, yet he doesn't shy away from the difficulties the evidence might throw up.
This series of interviews is terrific. Thank you!
Thank you for watching 😊
I have heard this story many times from Prof. Cline's lectures and book. The same thing, but from a different angle. Thank you very much for the lecture.
Glad you enjoyed it, thank you!
i love this guy.huge fan
Extremely interesting and informative. Thank you very much for this.
You’re welcome!
Great! Looking forward to that next episode
Thank you! It will be released in a few days
Thank you.
You're welcome!
Just a note : the bronze age collapse EXACT reasons are still obscure -
Although there is evidence for climate change and droughts, there are also evidence not mentioned of multiple destructive earthquakes, political instability, especially in (Mycenaean) Greece, and possibly a major volcano erupting.
These together were probably the cause of the migrations.
Also, I understood that it is very possible that the migrations started from inside Europe pushing south into Greece and Anatolia.
You put together very nice videos. Thank you.
Books by Professor Israel Finkelstein (affiliated links)
==
The Quest for the Historical Israel: Archaeology and the History of Early Israel
Paperback
amzn.to/3kKmmbM
Kindle
amzn.to/3Jt9gtU
=
The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts
Paperback
amzn.to/3HgRfMJ
=
The Forgotten Kingdom: The Archaeology and History of Northern Israel
Paperback
amzn.to/3RpRkST
===
I read The Bible Unearthed. Two thumbs up.
I feel that the events of Exordus may have caused the Bronze Age Collapse. Both took place around the same time.
I think the notion of pastoral people settling down if they can't get grain from the farmers is too convoluted and violates Occam's razor. It also assumes pastoral people are very dependent on grain, which has never been true.
I think that the likely effect of drought in the Transjordanian region where the bedouin herded their animals would be to cause them to move into less dry regions, like Palestine, specifically on account of their animals needed grass or plants and water. Climate change propelled the movements of the Indo-European people into Europe, exactly because their large herds needed forage and water. This might in fact account for Shasu in the Canaanite hill country.
I suspect Finkelstein is saying here that the pastoral people were in Palestine and not Transjordan, but, I'd need the censuses to prove that. Or their settlements. I am wondering where pastoral people would even find steppe land in the hill country to feed their flocks, even flccks of sheep and goats. Pastoral people were great at leaving not a whole lot of remains anywhere. The constant Egyptian records of Shasu in the hill country fighting alongside the Habiru and the city state kings, tells us bedouin were coming into the hill country.
And, if farming was so attractive, what was the story with teh Habiru? Those dispossessed people who lived by wandering, raiding, and causing trouble?
I have another version that the Palestinian scrubland was barely if at all hospital to agriculture, and just about all people could do to make a living there was wander around and cause trouble. You had to be truly desperate to live there, and you wouldn't if you had a choice.
Finkelstein's book on the rise of the northern kingdom argues that large numbers of people settled in the hill country in the 12th through 11th centuries, and beginning in the 13th century, specifically from the Canaanite coastal country, partly because the exploitative pattern of Egyptian control gave some people no choice, and increasingly because as the economic system broke down they had no choice. They weren't there all along. They came from the coastal region. Some of them were even Egyptian! That makes far more sense. Especially as the collective memory wasn't that Israel fought off Egypt or was abandoned by Egypt, it's specifically a memory of escape. We were oppressed and exploited, and overworked, and we ran away. Then we wandered for a long time. The Habiru were people who fled from Egyptian dominated Palestine into the hill country, there to become bands of troublemakers, who jockeyed with the rulers of the city states there for power and eventually took control, and apparently even absorbed the existing ruling class. Labayu of Shechem was Levi, or head of the house of Levi in his time. Levi of the Bible and Labayu of the Amarna letters were suspiciously similar in character and general plot lines. The stories aren't identical, but my mind has no trouble superimposing them onto each other.
The Hebrews weren't the only people telling stories about escape from Egypt. The tribe of Dan appears to have been the Danunae in southwestern Anatolia. One tends to think they moved southward with the rest of the "sea peoples". But their aristocracy did not move with them. They showed up in Mycenae, or Athens, one of the centers of the Mycenean Greeks, and said they'd fled from Egypt.
So the famous "4 rooms" house is basically a pastolarist way of living that was still being practiced by a people that started to settle down and do sedentary agriculture?
Could be IMO. Prof. Finkelstein Will elaborate in the next episode
I've watched these 3 interviews and am looking forward with great interest to the fourth. I've read that the actual arrival of Jews in Israel was nothing like the book of Joshua, Baruch Hashem.
Thank you, hopefully today
This is stretching the evidence a long ways. If the same evidence is found in a widely spaced 1000 places throughout all the area then it could be partly true.
Seems the Bronze age collapse has finally been solved. It's what some have speculated about for awhile - Climate change. They showed the Hittites collapsed because of change through tree rings. When the Hittites collapsed, then a vacuum was formed which allowed the varous Sea People's to then invade, and in a domino affect, the Bronze Age collapsed.
We have reached another watershed moment in history. Nothing in your Bible compares. Unless you see Ekpyrosis in the moment God said "Let there be light." Because all the great cycles of history are about to star over.
This is one of the rare documents which actually takes into account the effects of the BAC in Hebraic history. The two narratives are usually kept separated for some unexplainable reason.
Hardly. There may be more data than 1970s, but the waxing and waning of civilisations and powers were well known in 1970s and are alluded to in Torah
@@cuebj Where does the BAC's alluded to in the Torah?
26:03 Prof F. speaks of the Sea People causing “problems” for Egypt’s hegemony. I wish I knew more about the basic economics of Egypt’s empire. Presumably, Egypt collected local tribute or taxes, and Sea People would not pay? Maybe encouraged locals not to pay?
Sea People were pirates, so they were straight out stealing the tributes and taxes and murdering the taxpayers.
Wow it's amazing they can compare the climate crisis to Muslim medieval times in the Levant and their texts. I also wonder if the Israelites going to Egypt for food in the Joseph story is related to this climate crisis.
The story of empires and international systems flourishing under favourable conditions, growing in size and complexity until they can just support an enlarged population, and then collapsing when the environment changes, is a fairly common one. (The Americas have multiple examples.) The consequence is that a lot of people die unpleasantly. We may be on the edge of such a situation now. It would be prudent to shrink in a controlled fashion before Nature forces it on us. Don't run systems without spare capacity.
Great lecture/dialogue, thank you. Always wondered about the connection between the Bronze Age crisis and the rise of ancient Israel; I figured there had to be a link but had never had the opportunity to learn from an expert about it. Love having that gap in my learning addressed. Fascinating stuff! Looking forward to listing to your Eric Cline talk on the Bronze Age collapse next.
Thank you 🙏 I am glad you enjoyed it!
The climate crisis that ended Bronze Age was increasing dryness combined with increasing coolness. Why did you leave the coolness out?
God always uses weather changes to judge sinful nations out of existence. From floods, drought, volcanoes, pestilence that leads to famine, migration, wars, and disease. Climate change is not a new phenomenon and has been going on for hundreds of thousands of years even before industrialization. As long as we have active volcanoes we will have weather changes.
🙄🙄🙄
Thank you for saving me from *The Sea Peoples!* 😂 That explanation for the bronze age collapse never rang true.
Any time!
The Vostok ice cores tell us much of what we know about climate change. Bottom line, the climate change fanatics are just that, fanatics.
Что за эмблема у тебя, дядя Степа? Квакерская?
Ты уясни, мужик, что написано пером, то, конечно, можно вырубить топором (носителей языка), однако, в итоге все влетят по-крупному.
Пиши! Не кашляй!
Excellent presentation.
Thank you kindly!
The minute you said "climate change", I dismissed everything else said.
The climate change was COOLING but our scientists have trouble saying that. Warming equals more crops and greater prosperity
In other words, physical evidence is something you ignore if it contradicts your political position.
@@keith6706 No. I'm just not a member of the Church of Climatology.
@@keith6706Keith I’ve read books about this era, including 1177, and they often issue cryptic warnings about our modern failure to heed the warnings of this ancient climate disaster without specifying the disaster of 1177 was cooling ,not todays warming. I assume the book editors insist on these lazy addendums to cater to the prejudices of many modern readers when the comparisons are careless and amateurish.
@@ortho-g9826 You mean you disagree with the vast majority of climate scientists. And why would that be?
What the Israelites always-Always had going for them was the promise- (Deut.31.8 YAHWEH He that goes before you, He will be with you, He will not fail you neither forsake you: fear Not neither be dismayed) And although ancient Israelites forsook YAHWEH again and again when they repented He always-Always came back for them. David v. Goliath and the Philistines (Sea People!) is well recorded and need Not anyones second guessing!
The Israelites believed in Baal Hadad and El as separate and at least equal to YHWH, and who were later retconned into being demons or YWHW himself. The evidence for this is there in texts and archaeology... Real evidence, not made up. How do you reconcile this?
@@nopenopenopenope194 Well I certainly agree that ancient Israel was Up and Down- in & out of Fellowship with YAHWEH- that's for sure! Yet with all the 'signs' in (Mat.24.6 these days- we ALL better be found in Christ- Mashiach Yehoshua or we find ourselves used, manipulated and ending up in 'Gehennim' (Hell!)