Video není dostupné.
Omlouváme se.
Greenhouse Effect, Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, December 10, 1985 (Carl Sagan)
Vložit
- čas přidán 17. 11. 2021
- On December 10, 1985, the Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Hazardous Wastes and Toxic Substances held a hearing to discuss how the greenhouse effect might change the global climate system and possible solutions.
Invited witnesses were:
Dean Abrahamson
Professor, University of Minnesota
Ralph J. Cicerone
Director, National Center for Atmospheric Research
Gordon MacDonald
Chief Scientist, MITRE Corporation
Syukuro Manabe
Climatologist, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Carl Sagan
Co-Founder and President, The Planetary Society
The event was telecast on C-SPAN and is in the public domain. The video's original web page is at www.c-span.org....
I remember in 1981 my science teacher teaching us about the Greenhouse effect and how humanity was in danger...43 years ago. What did the politicians do? They kicked the can down the road and took a gamble with all Life on Earth in the balance. The actions and policies of the United States government and their inaction on climate change is the greatest crime of negligence ever committed. Put the blame where it belongs...on the politicians and those that elected them.
It's not going to wipe out all life on earth lol
@@NoName-ml5yk Yes it is, you willfully ignorant lepton.
Got that right, spot on............
@@NoName-ml5yk Yes, it is.
@@NoName-ml5yk you are right. Cockroaches will most likely survive.
That's my grandpa! So fun to see him in his element. Dean Abrahamson so proud.
These scientists understood and predicted exactly the current situation.
Not even a year ago Syukuro Manabe, the third scientist to speak during this hearing, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to computer models of the climate. Tomorrow is his 91st birthday.
These politicians didn't know it but they were in the presence of one of as of yet only 219 people to receive this honor.
I doubt they would have listened even if they had known though.
RIP Carl, you were the rare combination of a genius and an amazing communicator. Had the listened when I was 4 years old (and only then by 20ish days) then the planet wouldn't be doomed. At least he wasn't here to see what happened.
Sad that it's almost 40 years later and our society as a whole still hasn't learned a thing.
Dear Roy, It does look
as if we are still hurtling
towards disaster....
Vested Interests
seem to regard the
environment as there
just for exploitation...
Our scientists have been
trying to develope
alternative energy sources,
E.g., wind, solar ... : Carl Sagan
mentioned how good it
would be to have massive
arrays of solar panels, and
that is being done gradually...
The solar tower structure is
amazing, where lots of mirrors
focus sun rays
on a point on the tower,
to make sizeable amounts of
electricity. Places like south
west USA that have lots
of sun ( too much really :
water crisis, 2023...)
could generate great
quantities of power...
for domestic & industrial use,
and to work desalination
plants...💦.
But I fear it may already
be too late....vested Interests
put short term profits first...
One surprising thing I
recently heard is that
green🌿 areas have
increased in the last
few years : apparently
due to the extra CO2
in the atmosphere...🌿
That was unexpected...
Solar panels could be
put on large buildings,
e.g., skyscrapers,
plus my idea from
decades ago : " green walls"
where plants provide some shade,
( and fruit, say grapevines ?)
plus a more relaxing view,
plus maybe habitat for birds ?
What a difference that would
make to the baking concrete
city areas we have been
building at such a rate...
Concrete / cement of course,
gives off lots of CO2 once it's
in place : it's what spoiled the
Biosphere experiment, where
the idea was to re-circulate/
recycle , and keep the enclosed
area habitable....
It's so sad that we humans
have "advanced" so much,
but our numbers are now
outstripping resources....
The rain /snow doesn't
fall in places it's needed :
note huge storms over USA,
causing floods in California,
while aquafers are drying up....
More frequent extreme
weather events : whereas
before , it was more evenly
distributed, and seemed
to largely balance-out...?
One thing I keep wondering
is , why hasn't tidal power
been used to generate power ?
Again, one must suppose,
vested Interests don't want
to "dilute " their current
profits...?🐒.
50 billion pounds
( will increase, I expect)
for HS2 in U.K.....???
🇬🇧🐒🦉😢🌿🥀☺️🇬🇧
Thank you Professor Carl Sagan
Imagine what our climate would have been like had they took these warnings seriously and acted on regulating fossil fuel by forcing investment in alternative energy sources with practical choices for consumers. They blew it and now we live virtually in the end-times.
Thanks for sharing this. Very interesting. I'm still amazed at the deniers' disbelief and governments around the world relative inaction, almost 40 years on.
RIP Sagan
"We have to discontinue coal and switch to gas for transition"
Powerfull words 1985
...and we still build new coal plants and record sized mines 2022
The good old days, when this subject could be discussed in an objective, scientific manner. We were closer to the truth then.
Carl Sagan is highly intelligent and knows what he is talking about .
The sad thing is that humanity normal produces very few Sagans, and mostly Trump / QAnon lemmings.
Fir your information he has been dead for decades, so he IS NOT highly intelligent
Thanks for sharing the whole broadcast/hearing.
Saw clips of it before, but was wondering if there is a longer version for more context.
Grandpa speaking at an hour and a half. D. Abrahamson. Smartest man I have met. ❤
Carl Sagan is the man!!!!
What should have been said was that this event will lead to an ELE, extinction level event. The downfall of humanity.
If only we had listened.
at~41,06....during Sagan's Einstein comment, the subtle reaction from the lady scientist in the background when the meaning of the quote hit her, is so beautifully profound...
@41:40 thanks for pointing that out
The guy at 53:18 made sense- this was a great discussion. Everyone was respectful back then
Amazing video!!!! Well done!!!
Well thought out introduction by the senator.
カール・セーガンに並んで眞鍋淑郎氏も議会証言していたとは知りませんでした。日本出身者で米国の議会証言をした人は多くないでしょうし、こういった影響の大きいテーマについて責任重大な証言をした人は、きっと前代未聞でしょうね。ほとんど原稿を読まずに熱っぽく語られている姿に感銘を受けました。
調べたところ、インタビューでこんなことを語られていました。
「88年、米国西部で長期にわたる干ばつが起きたために、気候変動の可能性に関して議会で聴聞会が開かれた。真鍋は証言をしたものの、その証言はほとんど聞き流されてしまった。「ぼくの証言は、こんなふうにひどい日本語訛りなのもあって、悪い印象を与えただけでした」と真鍋は言った。同じ日に証言をした航空宇宙局（NASA）の研究者だったジェームズ・ハンセンが、地球温暖化の影響に関する悲観的予測を示し、議会と一般市民の心を掴んだのとは対照的だった。「ジムはコミュニケーションが見事でした」と真鍋は話す。「ぼくにはない才能です」。」
(WIRED ”気候変動を予測した男：ノーベル賞学者・真鍋淑郎が挑んだコンピューターシミュレーション”)
What did Syukuro Manabe do to win the Nobel Prize?
Manabe Syukuro, (born September 21, 1931, Shingu, Ehime prefecture, Japan), meteorologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2021 for the foundational progress he and German oceanographer Klaus Hasselmann made in modeling Earth's climate, quantifying variability, and predicting global warming.Jul 31, 2023
Is this the best thing on You Tube or what?
I’ve lived in Phoenix for the past 42 years. The air, up until the year 2009 approximately, give or take 2 or 3 years, the air has more carbon monoxide in it than ever before. It is all I smell and taste now. From central Phoenix, approximately 30 to 40 miles in every direction, is the stench of car exhaust, dust from landscape blowers, rubber dust expended from automobile tires, jet fuel exhaust, etc etc etc. it is all we smell now.
Our breathing is somewhat compromised. And I don’t even wish to think of children’s developing respiratory, or all who share the horridness of Dyspnea or Asthma.
Even a hard rain only clears it out for a day. And then it seems like it’s back as an actual living monster.
I remember clean air
Corporate greed acted swiftly to obfuscate. Hence we have today’s situation.
Love the way the first man spoke!!! Something about brilliant men, so interesting.
Al Gore made very valid and intelligent comments and questions. He obviously did his homework.
Incredible experience! Masterful presentations given by those Scientists.
My Grandpa is Dean Abrahamson he speaks at hour and a half. ❤️
Many things could've been implemented before that weren't, more public transportantion for instance, and with little effect to the economy.
Actually with HUGE effect on the economy. A public transport system being built in the US would have guaranteed millions of jobs for decades, increased growth and increased happiness as well as reduced poverty.
Petrochemical corporations do not like any strategies which reduce their profits.
this should “go viral” ….
faith in humanity
The lack of leadership during the last 39 years is beyound coprehesion,now ,its now or never,or find resposible leaders ,thats our job as citizens
Thanx for uploading....
I was in my mid 20's when this happened. Two points, movement against climate change has been slow, we didn't have the technology, high tech batteries for example. A question, can the human race make the changes necessary to be significant?
85' my old people still drove with leaded fuel and uncatalysed exhaust pipes on there cars.
Dunno when the acidrain/ozonehole thing happened, but electric cars were already prototyped globaly in 70s and the asian car manufacturers like Hyundai got them on the market a few decades later.
And to answer the question of we can make it - sure.
The question is, how long we wait to act.
As more data comes in , it seems our timeframe to act gets shorter, not longer
So wasting time about imagined economical fears or politcal pettyness is kinda unhelpful
@@NewPipeFTW We had electric trolley for mass transport all the way back to the early 1900's. Gas use is useful in remote locals, but local power generation should have been handled with a combination of renewables. This would short circuit any "you can't do it at night" or other such none sense.
30 years ago I made the comment that all NEW home construction should require solar panels on the roof to offset at least some of our power consumption. Efficiencies in battery and power absorption rate could be vastly better now if that had happened. A new home can be better lighted with a fraction of the power of a home from the 80's 2X6 construction standards have vastly improved heating and cooling efficiency.
The thing is, we COULD have had better batteries and cheaper more efficient solar panels much sooner than we did.
There is no reason (other than funding) that it had to take as long as it did. Had we committed to this in 1985 we could have been where we are today by 2005 and the US could have been the powerhouse of the 21st century by having the biggest and most cost effective manufacturing industries for batteries, EVs, solar panels, wind and heat pumps plus improved systems for thermal storage that could help reduce our need for batteries when deployed correctly. Plus the recycling business that will be needed for all of that as well.
We missed our chance, now it's anyone's opportunity and we arent exactly unified behind the idea yet.
It really isnt as hard of a problem as we've made it. It gets hard when half the country is pulling in the wrong direction and then complaining that the very thing they are fighting against isnt working very well.
1:52:34 - he just understood it and he cared. Most politicians still don't care.
18:10
begin to be felt EARLY IN THE NEXT CENTURY. 📢
And he was spot on. This was 1985. Next century started 2000.
I was born in 1981. As a kid me and my brother were playing in deep snow in Vienna/Austria/Europe. We had enough snow to dig tunnels and build a bob sledge course in the backyard between November and April.
I graduated business school in 2000 at 19, that was the last year we had enough snow that it was difficult to drive for a couple of days (!) during winter (as in enough snow that what was moved from the road to the side would block empty parking spots, etc. We could not have built any tunnels or stuff at that time.
Last winter we had 3 (!) days (!) of snow in a quantity that covered maybe 1 inch of the ground.
Kids born today in Vienna will never see snow in their city.
3:45 Year-1985. Global warming was heating up as a topic.
7:43 Senator Al Gore (D-TN)
9:56 “…for those unfamiliar with the greenhouse effect…”
10:33 Year-1981. Prominent scientists testified. “…the phenomenon was real…a consensus had occurred…”
11:14 Year-1982. 11:35 “…sandals and granola crowd…”
11:46 Year-1984. “…global temperature increase of 3.6 Degrees Fahrenheit by the year 2040…9 Degrees Fahrenheit by 2100
32:45 “…it is an inter-generational problem…it is also a global problem…”
And what have politicians done since then?
Jump up and down, that's all. What do you think they should do. We need a massive campaign to slow the breeding of the human race. When this talk began, there were a lot less than five billion people on the planet. Now there's more than eight billion. During this time China had a "One child policy" The world needs this to cut back desperately.
They should have listened to these guys back then, 1985, but they , that is the politicians, i.e, world leaders didn't so now here we are 2023, theae guys predicted it perfectly, actually they we e just given those politicians modest if anything figures, now the whole planet is suffering.....most of the public probably believes in them those scientists, so I say that we the public should run things instead of our so called leaders !!!!!!!!
1:38:38 - this. Every measure to combat climate change has dozens of positive side effects apart from combatting climate change and should therefor have been done. And still they are not done.
It seemed much more personable back then.
Senator Durenberger is a Republican there.
Yeah...think about that.
I looked him up, couldn't believe he was a republican (now an Independent since 2005).
He actually wrote a book called "When Republicans Were Progressive"
Republicans used to be conservative. As in, conserving and conservation.
@@greenhearted8453 Sort of... the problem is that since WWII they have been corporate criminals. So even when Eisenhower was warning about the Military Industrial Complex, he was fully cooperating with them.
1:06:50 - in the second half of next century. So later than 2050. A couple weeks ago scientists came out that +2°C will likely be reached in 2026.
I think it's 1.5ºC that they're expecting us to breach mid-decades, no?
@@greenhearted8453 No, we're already talking about the 2°C and what's hilarious that a couple days ago some "scientific study" was made public looking at the "climate goals" of fossil fuel companies (sic!) and the media actually claimed that those are good enough for the 2°C goal. Lmao.
A couple days before that they've released some more information from the Polarstern journey and it turns out that the Arctic is not warming "just" twice as fast as the rest of the world, but 4 times as fast. Ofc that's not factored into any of the scenarios yet. Lmao.
Mr. Durenburger has a great sense of humor. He applies is so well will this serious issue.
1:20:22 some scientists say that this process is already slowing and the movie "The day after tomorrow" overexaggerates what happens if the process stops. In this bizarre case, global warming would lead to a very quick and catastrophic iceage.
So it has to be mitigation and how are we going with that some 39 years after this clear warning was given? He is saying mitigation because it was a possibility then, we could have addressed the threat... and still the screams and shouts of The Time Is Now. Soon Adaptation will be the only option.
1:18:57 - another thing underrepresented in the models so far.
Why says the title "1982" and the video description "1985"?
It's 1985. 1982 is a typo. I've fixed it. Thank you for pointing it out.
Thanks for clarifying this.
1:41:15 - coal use has INcreased since that hearing 1985 to 2013 by 85% and only after that fallen a litte to an INcrease of 75%.
The temperature has only increased 1 degree in the last one hundred years. Their estimates were terrible and over kill.
@@canadianbacon6536 First of all it is 1.3°C, secondly we are talking about an exponential system. Every cut down tree means less CO2 filtering, means less reflected radation can escape the atmosphere. Every m² less ice covered land means less radiation being reflected. Every time temperature increases, the oceans get warmer, meaning more algae growth meaning less O2 in the oceans leading to less CO2 being filtered by the oceans. Every tiny temperature increase frees more methane from the siberian tundra which means less radiation can escape. Every day more fossil fuels means less radiation can escape.
To explain it in simple terms:
You have a pot that you are heating. But not just with 1 flame, but you have several flames around the pot. You want the pot to stay at the same temperature, but you keep turning up all the flames around it.
We are speeding up the process every day and we're at the point of the graph where "development" takes the straight up turn. Meanwhile politicians still claim we are at the start of the graph.
@@canadianbacon6536 Let's see for how long it remains that way with Brazil cutting down their entire rainforest, my man.
@@canadianbacon6536 1) we've increased our rate of emissions 2) clearly you don't understand the effects average temperature increase. 1 degree average increase means much larger increases at the poles (ice melting/sea level rise, permafrost thawing and related methane release, polar vortex instability leading to freezes in TX and the South) 3) the effect of feedback loops aren't fully addressed in models...(methane release, climate-fueled wildfire carbon release, ocean absorption saturation and atmospheric water vapor increase). If anything things are happening faster than many thought....and there is a 20-30 year lag in the seen effects. We won't see the effects of what we're doing right now until mid-century.
Just how stupid is the senator who suggested that some places would like to be warmer, like humans can pick and choose which places suffer climate change.
It seems stupid on the surface but its a valid question. Some places would like to be warmer and would benefit economically. That should be considered and weighed against the negative economic outcomes. ( I haven't finished watching it all yet) but they also didn't yet mention how fast it could warm and negatively effect plant and animal life so the guy wouldn't have had that in his mind.
Living in canada I would selfishly love it to continue getting warmer. Canada could potentially benefit greatly from a warming climate.
@@twoplustwoskin7084 I meant from a practical, scientific point of view! Global warming doesn't work like that. The whole planet warms up, from the poles to the equator. And clearly, a couple of degrees would make large areas of the world virtually uninhabitable.
Nitrous oxides 😮 mentioned but glossed over by today’s emphasis on carbon reduction
Woudn't be perfect? Hugo Weaving to play Carl Segan?
This hearing took place during the Reagan administration. 1985, today 2023 the only thing we've accomplished is we've sped up our own extinction. To witch i mean. Today we understand it's to late! Im 57 and we humans have known about this before my birth. The planet is fine, the people are fckd.
George Carlin,
The planet is not fine (Did you even watch the video?) When we began our ascent into Neoliberalism, --Corporatism---Corporations saw the necessity to owning and controlling media (Reagan killed the Fairness Doctrine). Today 6 Conglomerates own and control 90% of ALL media in America. CONGLOMERATES DO NOT HAVE A LIBERAL AGENDA; they have a corporate agenda. I am 61 years old, America represents 5 % of the population of the earth but consumes 25% of its resources. Why would any God bless any such a Nation?
@@2late4most5 The planet is fine. After we're gone, it will take some millions of years to get back up to speed, but we won't be here, so what does it matter if it takes so long?
Stop worrying, kids. We've done nothing about it but make it worse, faster. Worry about something more imminent, like the global economic collapse or WW3, both underway.
Ww3 i know...ive been hoping we wouldnt but nuclear war is looking damn near inevitable.
@@kjc0517 For better or worse, I think we'll avoid nuclear war because most people near those buttons can't fathom nonexistence. But missiles and JDAMs still suck.
... and what happened!? " " everything in between the brackets!!
You mean besides a sharp increase in extreme weather phenomena all around the globe, just as predicted?
“Pretty much everything they predicted”
en español Please
This should be translated into ass many languages as possible. Esto debería traducirse a tantos idiomas como sea posible.
When it was said the American Midwest could be "dust bowls" not breadbaskets, I near fell off my chair. When I consider they're pulling water up from two miles underground to grow that stuff now. How long will it last?
I remember wen the planet 😁 said I'm outa here
45:40 ….
the lasso that reigned our modern era…
1:36:26 - so even back then staying below +2.5°C AT ALL with urgent measures was only probable. And today politicians still tell us that we can manage to stay below +2°C until 2050 :-P
1.5C before 2030, 2C somewhere near 2040. With current CO2 in the atmosphere we will reach 3C after 2050.
And what about positive feedbacks because at 2C and higher they will kick-in in force.
I want to be optimist about this but I can't. Decades have been lost by doing the opposite, increasing the addiction for fossil fuels.
@@sobolanul82 And it's still ongoing. They are still exploring new oil and gas fields because they know there are enough countries that will take the tax money over the environment.
We're (humanity) not winning this race.
What will happen tho is, that the USA will fall back in development like they did after WW2, because Europe is once again rebuilding everything to the new standard while the USA are staying put on old infrastructure.
The number of countries will decrease because places like the Maldives are (literally) going under, which will then lead to the oil and gas formerly in those territories becoming a free for all.
1:00:50
whispers: cfc molecule 1000 times more potent than carbon molecule
thinks: we can't tax a molecule but we can tax people
Why are CFC worse than CO2? good find Alexis.
Compared to carbon dioxide, CFCs can produce more than 10,000 times as much warming, pound for pound, once they are in the air.Jan 30, 2017 Wiki
check out the 'Eocene Thermal Maximum'. it is an analogy to current global warming.
There is one overwhelmingly effective solution, and it is not that expensive either. Even if we stop all fossil fuel burning tomorrow forever, the amount of carbon already in the atmosphere is catastrophic. Solar geoengineering via sulfuric aerosol dispersion is the only thing that can stop the impending overheating of the planet. It is only a question of when we begin the process. It is a process that will have to be maintained through at least the end of this century and the sooner we begin the better.
This is serious. The world population when this talk bagan was less than 5 billion. Now it's more than 8 billion. This is our major problem. When are we going to fight the main problem. China knew what to do. Now India has exploded. Africa is exploding and we're ignoring it. WE CANNOT CONTINUE TO OVERBREED.
58:37 😱
00:30 - 00:38 ...if?
📍1:46:13
2📍1:35:58
That's my Grandpa!. ❤️
👍🏽
🥵🌍🥵🌎🥵🌍🥵🌏🥵🌎🥵🌍
YES EXXXXACTLY
MAKE THIS THE VIRAL VIDEO OF YOUR CHANNEL🥵🌍🥵🌎🥵🌏
JUST DO IT.....
AND PLEASE SEND A HARD COPY RECORDED 100 TIMES TO THE HUMPTY TRUMPTY
🥵🌎🥵🌍🥵🌏🥵
Johnny Depp would nail Dr Sagan. All I can hear is Fear n Loathing in Las Vegas in his voice and inflections.
30:02 Al Gore
He knew back then. He's one of the best senators the US has ever had. His only failing imho was, that he did not fight Bush's election fraud with all his power, because he would have been the one president who would have been eager to actually do something about climate change.
@@TheBazino Typical GOP criminality: look at Nixon and Watergate and then now released evidence that the Reagan team had a conspiracy of with Iran to release the hostages ONLY after Reagan won, i.e. giving the credit to Reagan and not Carter (ironically, one of the few other politicians that took climate change seriously).
How a centigrade increase of temperature is actualy measured. What i mean even the icecap melting does not provide an absolute proof since an absolute proof would have require observin temperture over many centuries at probably more than 100,000randomly selected places on earth. I assume we have a few centuries temperature data for a few places such as London but on what basis the science deduce temperature increased such and such amount and to which bese value the increase reffers.
I think you are asking how do we know temperatures back in time. I believe its mostly from ice core samples( in the arctic, layers kept building up over a long time and there's gas bubbles trapped in the ice that you can measure the content of and figure out the climate). Tree ring samples of very old trees can tell you how wet it was, and u can sorta infer climate from that. Theres gotta be other ways but I can't think of any off the top of my head.
Google it. Lol
No. What i mean in order to talk of planet earth warming you would need a long term continuous date of 100,000 of randomly chosen places on the earth. We at best have 300 years of data for cities where pupolation massively increased and where there are cars air conditioner. So i guess new yourk or London are warming but what about area in mid atlantic..this also means that it is not so easy to deduce to what degree warming is occuring let alone if it is a man made process (or if people are accelerating the process) or it is natural cycle. Geological cycles are very slow and we simply do not have data to properly assess it. Surely there are some pointers but they are so miniscule to form decisive scientific evidence. You are surely aware of archeological artefacts of wine producing in denmark and sweden. I doubt that grapes can even grow now in sweden
Ive lived trough 8 “end times” and we’re into the 9th. It’s all about money, always has been always will be.
We haven’t made it to the year 2040 yet…that’s the earliest estimate mentioned in the video that I caught.
You can’t bring underdeveloped countries into the 21st century faster than they are capable - Knowing what contributes to global warming is fine; the solution requires the industrial evolution of underdeveloped countries and that is something that can’t be rushed. America was a major contributor only 50 years ago - this problem will take more time.
@Sam - Then it will get worse before getting better because the developed countries only think about themselves and actually use underdeveloped countries to produce cheaper goods, it’s not a science issue - it’s a greed issue.
He touched on this topic (Carl Sagan)
Underdeveloped countries can do anything if they were funded properly
And they all proved themselves wrong 😂😂😂😂🤣
You see "wrong" and the rest of us see killer heatwaves, droughts, floods and wildfires all around the world. Not to mention the Sixth Mass Extinction. Interesting, eh?
@@greenhearted8453 so we have different views, I ( as a scientist) believe otherwise relying on science, prove me otherwise and I will be all ears
@@saatee100 I would meet your challenge with a couple of quick questions: Are you a climate scientist? Or a physicist or geologist, by any chance?
Do you check out the technical reports of the IPCC?
@@greenhearted8453 ipcc is political ideologically rigged sadly enough, I have a phd in engineering
@@saatee100 Every word of every report published by the IPCC (except the "technical reports," which aren't used by policymakers) is vetted by every country of the UN. So the "political ideological rigging" has nothing to do with the climate scientists. (And no need to be sad about being an engineer ... though that PhD doesn't make you climate scientist.)
Biblical 😂 Earth is an ever changing planet that has gone through many changes over centuries . History should tell everyone that we had an ice age, our land masses were different thousands and thousands of years and none of it has to do with man made religion .
The point?
They had it wrong then and they have it wrong now.
riiiiiiiiight.... obviously you're much smarter than all the climate scientists and Carl Sagan....
How do you think?
How was Sagan wrong?
Yes, the politicians.