The History of Computer Storage
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- čas přidán 7. 06. 2024
- How did computer storage evolve from super-old-school punch cards to the multi-terabyte SSDs of today?
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Every time Luke or Linus say "speaking of..." I think the video is done, and it's sponsor time :-)
same here, i just wanted to comment that
Exactly! I hate it when the sponsored part of the video is like 2 minutes long.
It wasn't one time. He was mid vid, it was a legit transition for the video.
and that's when you simply go to another video
I like his sponsors because they interest me and are funnily orchestrated.
As a Bulgarian, I don't know where did you get that picture at 4:00, but it made me giggle.
The largest disk, the one that he is talking about, says "Сделано в Болгарии", which means "Made in Bulgaria".
'ИЗОТ' is the name of the factory, where they used to make them and as it happens, it was in my home town.
In the 80s this factory was one of the biggest and most modern computer electronics manufacturers in eastern Europe and it supplied the chips and memory modules for much of the Soviet era electronics, including those for the Soviet space agency.
Now it's abandoned, but a lot of the facilities and internal structures were sold out.
I actually have the steel case of one of those massive 80s computers (along with a bunch of 80-100W industrial steel fans for cooling) that I use as a rack in my garage. :D
In my town, these old disks have become something of a collectible, a memory from the past. They're quite rare nowadays, so I was surprised to see them in that photo.
Appreciate the lesson! Thank you :>
Off topic question. Why does it say "Bolgarii"? While the name of the country is something like "Balgarija".
Because russia.
Because the label is written in russian.
Ah, okay. That makes sense.
do a "history of linus tech tips"
Thatd be cool
yea
You could just watch the old LTT archives. Linus' first video is 7-8 years old I believe.
wait like 2 years. They should do it for the 10 year anniversary
2 years is a long time...
Insert floppy disk 1 of 25.
Ha LOL! Lucky I missed all that Windows installation nonsense with 25(!) floppy's
Billy Ashworth As i child i always liked to chew the floppy disks. There would always be at least one missing from the bundle.
gta 5 Still needs 7 cd's to download, about every 15 mins i needed to switch cd's
yes. gta 5 on a cd...
+CWplayer
No, if you would store GTA V (65GB) on CD's you would need 93 as a CD only holds 700MB.
With single layer DVD's (4.7GB) you would need 14 and with dual layer DVD's (8.5GB) you would need 8.
Because of that modern games are sold on Blue-ray Disk's of which you need 3 for single layer disks (25GB), 2 for dual layer disks (50GB) or only 1 for triple layer (100GB) and quad layer (128GB) disks.
+Mid Night I'm pretty sure physical PC games have not made the switch to Blu Ray yet. I got black ops 3 for PC on the cheap and it included 6 DVDs and a steam download code.
In 1988 I bought a 10mb hard disk, at the time that was super impressive.
What is still impressive, is that I tested it a few months ago and it still works!
does it still work?
What’s the speed?
Fun fact, my dad and uncle were some of those workers that repaired memory bit by bit on those loops if some RAM would fail. Interesting stories
1956: Yey IBM finally introduced 5mb of harddrives.
2016: Despite having 15 feet tall, It only held 5mb of data.
2100: Back 2016 when Google span their data center for about a mile but only held hundreds of exabyte. Pathetic
3:37. When he said: "foundation was laid. Speaking of..." I thought he was going to say "speaking of getting laid..." and then would make a segue into the sponsor.
"Floppy disks aren't useful anymore". I agree, but tell this to the government :)
My school uses them to move CNC programs from the computers to the mills.
My school *just* stopped using those things.
Irvine Royal Acdemy still used win 98 in 2012
My school uses Google drive...
I live in Iraq, We use LAN and WAN at our school.....
His english is so perfect that the auto-generated subtitles didn't make a single mistake! P
1:30
Andrew O Oh yes, didn't see that one :P
3:30
I think they updated the algorithm for them recently, since they've been a lot more accurate.
Covalence Dust 3:30
Gta 5 in punch cards lol
pls no
Shadow of Mordor? The GOTY edition?
my steam account perhaps ? :)
Titanfall in punch cards
Windows in punch cards holds 5 cards:
E, R, R, O, R
"Multi TB SSD's of today", yes those things I can TOTALLY afford.
lol same. I would say 1Tb is the norm
1 TB for HDD's maybe, I have a 500 GB SSD myself.
I have a 512gb SSD
a samsung 500GB (the evo not the pro) cost's around 140 euro here so it's not that expensive, yeah i can get 2TB hard drive with the same money but i think if you want it for your OS and your games it worths.
$70 for a 1 TB HDD, $500 for a 1 TB SSD. Give it time
Maybe in several years a terabyte would be so small like gigabytes or megabytes or something.
Bradval411 doubt it...
@@michaelkregnes9119 you don't understand the exponential advance of technology
Brenan Kean That exponential growth will stop eventually, you can only get SO small.
P.S. I think GB is still a pretty big unit (Writing this on 32gb tablet)
I dont think evolution will stop untill they find a way to store data at the quantum level.
Brenan Kean true, the ps2 has mem cards that have 8mb and that was alot in that time
You forgot to mention that old computers used cassette tapes to store data as well
They said tape drives. While they didn’t specifically say cassettes, tape drive is a broader term that covers cadettes and also floppy disks or other magnetic media.
@@Chris-tn9bf no, it doesn't. It covers magnetic tape storage, not cassette, and much less floppy disks
@@nasonaso8356 I was wrong about floppy disks, but either way Angelo didn't mention floppy disks and just asked about cassettes. Those are covered under tape drives since they are, indeed, magnetic.
"
The Compact Cassette or Musicassette (MC), also commonly called the tape cassette, cassette tape, audio cassette, or simply tape or cassette, is an analog _magnetic_ tape recording format for audio recording and playback."
Also floppy disks are just cassette tapes as a rotating disk instead of a long strip. Still wasn't too far off.
@@Chris-tn9bf i admit i was wrong about cassettes, but floppy disks aren't magnetic tape.
@@nasonaso8356 They are made of the same material though, just in the form of a disk instead of a continuous tape. It's still a thin piece of plastic coated with metal.
Would love to see you store your 8k videos in those punch cards
Better plan on an 8-mile high stack of the punched cards...
I work for IBM... we've moved from punched cards now.
to drum drives?
+bacon Bliss not yet...
My grandfather worked there when hard drives were refrigerator sized.
Luis Daniel Mesa Velasquez rip dead comments
I needed a condensed documentary on this and you delivered 100%! man you guys are good!
It is (for me) extremely hard to imagine that 50MB back in the day were as much as 2TB today.
50 Megabytes is nothing compared to 2 Terabytes
Insert floppy disk 1 of 200000000000000000 to install gta 5
More like 22223 floppy disks. Much more accurate.
69 likes
Let's say you had the theoretical maximum (2.88Megabytes). GTA V has 94 GB,or 96,256 MB (1GB=1024 MB). That results in 96,256/2.88 which is 33,422. You would need 33,422 floppy disks to run GTA. I know I'm late,but I don't care
Uroš Bukorović wow your really smart
@@zeakks I used mafs
2:58 - I might be wrong but I think that's how the Apollo's computers were built
3:45 - not a floppy ;)
3:45 - yes, it is a floppy, just encased in a hard plastic shell.
imagine if our computers was hooked up to a big ass factory looking thing with fucking scrolls and shit getting written with data....and that only had an equivalent amount of 50GB
I would just want to die if that was ever my life...
Or a smartphone!
+Luis Munoz we have that good ass mobile scroll factory with wheellllllZzz
Or worse, 50MB. And you need an entire Niagara Falls's worth of water to cool the whole thing.
Ganaram Inukshuk FUCKING HELL...THE NIGHTMARE
But can it run Crysis?
I remember when it became a novelty to use a floppy disk. Now I find it a novelty to use a CD.
Even an USB memory stick is a bit of a novelty these days, when cloud storage is popular...
@@joojoojeejee6058 Even cloud storage and NAS drives are a novelty in these future days, when DNA is popular.
Now i find it a novelty to use a USB thumb drive...lol
@@joojoojeejee6058 I still use usb flash drives today lol
@@joojoojeejee6058 USB is still used a lot and extremely popular too
amazing how far we have come. excellent video, great information, love these keep up the great work!
Now we are wayyy furthers here in late 2022
(India)
100 years later... Linus tech tips Petabyte server was very small compared to modern standards.
I'm so early that here we still use scrolls
No i use wall
Used to have my games on 60 and 90 minutes audio cassettes, read and write was on a mono cassette deck.
Wow, this was more than a quickie! I'm impressed with your stamina, Luke! I love you!
You gotta make an updated version of this "History of Series" so much has changed in 5 years. Also, I love needing out to them and need more!
3:40 "And speaking of getting smaller" OH FUCK NOT THE AD SPOT ALREADY, SERIOUSLY? "...there's still no solution..." PHEW.
last time i was this early linus worked at NCIX
love the history videos! You guys should do the history of computer monitors.
Several others have mentioned the cassette drives, which I believe either Amiga or Commodore64 (that's 64 kilo-bytes) both used for storage. However, some other iterations were skipped, as I remember in the 80's our WP dept. had a 10Mb hard drive a little louder than the dorm refrigerator size-spot it occupied. Besides Zip drives, both Zip and Jaz drives were brought to us by Bernoulli, the name of a principle that built a 5-1/2" 150Mb drive/cartridge combo that used air to keep multiple magnetic layered for read/writes. Then there was also Syquest, that gave is 5-1/2" 44Mb, 88Mb and 280Mb single HD platter cartridges in a plastic case. They also made the EZ135, a 3-1/2" variant that held a whopping 135Mbs again on a single cartridge disk platter. There were LS-120 floppies that didn't last...long, and magneto-optical disks, similar to those EZ135s, albeit a CD-in-a-cartridge. These disk types and peripherals existed because hard drives weren't all that big, nor 'dirt' cheap: Up 'til 2000, the average business machine had a 20Gb HDD. So I'm kinda disappointed when Luke blew right over SDXC cards, because for $8 I could throw my 49-disk collection of EZ135 cartridges on a thumbnail sliver, and still have 30 Gbs to spare. ;) BTW those last five technologies - if you ever want a picture, I have them running on my desk.
I remember taking a report to school to print on a floppy disk.
Why "Almost famous zip drive" Luke? I had an external zip disk reader and 10 disks... man I loved those times :)
thanks ;) I thought it was that, but you remember how information and dial-up was in that days? :) The only tech news you could read was in magazines, and dont get me started at that subject :D
One word: *click*
I had a zip drive too, but they didn't become as commonly used as floppies, cd-roms, thumb drives, or sd cards.
Ah, Floppy diskettes. As a kid back in 1999 I used a floppy disk to transfer the Age of Empires II installer one tiny chunk at a time from my mom's internet enabled PC with an old floppy drive installed, to my much older, personal machine that ONLY had a floppy drive. If I recall correctly, the total size was around 400MB... But it was worth it.
Hi! Thanks for the nostalgia! I loved this, can you do one on upcomming storage please?
first HDD was not 50 feet. I think you meant 50 inches.
Or 5 feet maybe!
How a SSD works (how does data stay on a cell , what is a cell made of , why does a cell break over time ,etc.)
electrons
silicon
degradation
Thank you for adding to the general confusion between storage and memory.
omg i love you guys, this is the best episode EVER
- Ah, very similar to a video I covered in my Science in History series!
anyone who hasn't checked this guy out needs too. he makes great content including old and new hardware. check out his channel, you won't be disappointed.
Dude, I love your videos.
🥚
3:24 that is definitely "fifty feet tall" ;D
very informativ ! , thanks for the great Videos you make !.
I love that my college online class uses linus's groups to teach the class for computer concepts
The problem with flash memory is you lose a lot of data WHEN, not if, they take a crap.
That happens if SSD DRIVES are not powered up enough,if they are left unpowered for over 12 months or more the data will disappear
DNA wil be the future storage medium
Edrick Vince Velicaria lol wut
Scientistic Thug its true
He's right, but that will still take a looong time. Concerning data rot, DNA is one of the most stable mediums known so far.
*future archival storage. Like tape drives, DNA is not that useful for us home users because it is very slow to access.
Until a dose of radiation comes along
In the late 60s and early 70s Univac 1108s came with two types of drum memory. The first was head per track and was used to store things like OS overlays and temp files when doing a compile. The second was a long cylinder (6ft or so) with a single moving head where seeks took a loong time...
I worked on a system that used cards and drum storage in the early 80's. And the drum held about 700K bytes. It also had core memory. Each card that was about 18 inch square held 1024 Bits. It took 16 cards to hold 1K words.
Edit a video Using Windows 2000 and Floppy Disks.
gotta love 8gb of phone memory
4gb or bust
YES! I have searched and waited (not) everywhere on the internet for this video.
Dang its 2020 and tech has already improved huge amounts.
But wait. Before using floppy disks, they used cassete tapes, did'nt?
I remember of a C64 cassete tape driver that people used to store data.
...and Vic20 before that. Atari computer too. Can't remember if Apple tried tape first. The Sinclair had tape. Lots of others too. Wow it was exciting when microcomputers hit the market. Golden years.... sigh.
Cassettes are tape. He mentioned tape.
I question if you can quadbit on those tapes...
I mean 1's and 0's are fine, modulated down to sounds. But you could speed up reading/writing to audio tapes if you have a 4 state or even 8 state system. Like MLC and TLC.
Franklin Cerpico He portrayed all magnetic tapes as large, cumbersome things. And that relief arrived only when disks hit the market. So that's why it was pointes out that cassette tapes were/are portable and convenient.
Masticina Akicta Huh? Roughing it out with four old 56k modems, on each of the four tracks of a cassette, would provide large storage. And those "old", more recent, modems (90's) were designed for the limited bandwidth of phone lines. Cassettes have a much broader bandwidth.
I'd have to pull out the books to figure out the theoretical limits, but old tape modulation (80's) didn't even utilize stero tracks, and was just very primitive in general.
Wait... I didn't bring up this issue in this thread. It'll just confuse readers. Sorry.
Btw, info on tapes and disks are never stored as unmodulated 0s and 1s (as in magnetic polarity). Unfortunately, that notion has been perpetuated. Data is always modulated to analogue, and compression schemes are implemented.
schitlipz Ah right, makes sense. I am sure that with todays insight and technology we could stuff allot more on an audio tape. Hell lets be fair we already stuff TERABYTES of data on big tapes. A small tape like that probably can handle a Gigabyte if using the same level of technology.
5:26 impossible, perhaps the archives are incomplete
I'm glad I can recognize the rope core memory in the thumbnail, from the Apollo program.
Really nice video, looking forward for a video based only on the flashdrive :D
i didn't know that my country Bulgaria have made 8inch drive
Wow no one noticed the shots fired at gwb
Wait, didn't you notice? I have a feeling im reading way too far into this though
Luke thanks for another great video!
I'm very interested in the sources that you used for the beginning of the video (about the punchcards and drum memory)
Thank you!
Very good education.... Keep up the good work
0:35 1700? So early?
I'm sitting here with my $2 ebay 32GB Micro SD card like "woah"
Be careful with those on eBay. They are often counterfeit and don't hold as much data as is said on the card.
Yea, this one only holds 29 gigs :(
That's cause 32GB and 29.8GiB is the same. Google GB vs GiB if confused.
29 vs 32 is acceptable, even branded ones do this. The problem is that some cheap drives would have a build in way to trick the computer into thinking it can hold so much, but when you fill it up there is very little space (8 or 16 gb) and the data gets corrupted, I'd save download a bunch of data onto it (a few hd or blue ray movies can do the trick) to make sure it will hold as much as it seems to be able to before using it for important stuff.
Well said, but there are also programs that will test how much data the card is actually able to hold like h2testw.
Your are soo good at this!!!
We still use a 5.25" floppy on my former work for putting a program into the CNC milling machine.
See the trend here? Each new thing replaced an old thing. Apple removing the headphone jack replaces an old thing with nothing new, useful or standard.
Removing headphone jacks aren't something good, plus, bluetooth ain't that good compared to how many flaws there already are, I'd say, develop bluetooth for say 7 more years and get back to me
Can you guys do a video on why computers freeze?
They freeze when you install a virus.
Or when you put it in a mini fridge.
just download some ram
Thats because you are doing it wrong
It’s either extreme lag, the monitor, or something else
That was interesting. Thanks for making this video. I still have my massive full-colour computer book, from high school. It has the history of computers, including data storage up to when the book was published. I still remember another student telling me it's a book we'll keep forever. He was right.
Great historical video, Luke. I wonder who on your team did all that research?
They guy completely missed a very important history of storage, the traditional hard drive 2.5 inches 3.5 inches which was the gold standard for many years. Jumping from floppy drive to USB Stick Drive to SSD, Dude do better research next time.
its a history of the different types of storage, not the standard, he mentioned the first ibm mechanical drive in the video and did mention conventional hard drives aswel, dude, touch up on your listening skills next time.
Is he more orange than usual?
ha I had to pause the video to stop laughing. more orange than usual 😂
Dennis must be doing the color correction again.
+DrToonhattan he'll be back home tomorrow
Did you watch the Mexico trip?
Well he did go to Mexico
4:22 And also updating the BIOS, configuring POS System kiosks like ATMs, Ticket dispensers at your local metro station, Legacy compatibility for scientific and industrial equipment and so on.
4:51 I have that very laptop! It's an Asus EeePC, specifically mine is a 900a model from 2009 with an upgraded SSD.
Two or three years and we will have 1TB microSD, isnt that soo cool?!
Just cant wait for flexible displays so we can have 10' tablet in size of pen when rolled up.
that would be cool
nah mayby 512 gb but not 1TB yet
nvm 400 gb is out but yeah we might at like 1000 dollars hahha
i still have a crush on you
saem
literal cancer he is so fuzzy
Same
same
*****
FUCK ME
Love it..Bring back my History - 1967 SNET telephone company and Billing Systems and IT Thank you !!
This is a good video, but I think it deserves a modern refresh and a bit more history and context with each generation of storage tech. Thanks for listening. Have a good day.
And still we're so far faaaaar away from beating a human brain. :)
Brains can hold I believe around 15 petabytes of information. We'll get there soon!
+Leo Burton Nah i hold 2 betatbytes
+[_UNAR 0.1 kb
Hit it with something.
Nah, you honestly can't compare the human brain to modern computers. They're completely different architectures that are good at very different tasks. Storage wise, computers are much more accurate. Human memory is hopelessly flawed.
Yet how come storage space hasn't gotten any larger in the past 3 years or so? It's been at some sort of supposed stand still. Not only that the price of 1 TB harddrives has hardly come down even though it's old technology now. The monopoly of technology control on the human species is RIDICULOUS. We should be MUCH more advanced by now. But we are suppressed, still relying on oil and paying some other human being for electricity when it comes for FREE all day long and can be collected and stored.
Samsung is coming out with a 16TB ssd soon... I don't know what you're talking about....
Seagate announced a 60TB SSD too, so yeah
Announced??! Where is it? Where are they? Look at electronic stores what do they sell? Hd's under 4 TB.
ⱤᴱᴬᴸҬᴬᴸᴷ Well, storage is expensive. It's expensive to cram more storage space into a box thing. Think about it, not many people will need more than 2tb storage which you can get for just over $100. However, people who do need like 100's of terabytes can get servers. Watch some Linus videos, he builds a 100 terabyte server with 27 Hybrid Hdd/Sdd. Toshiba has also announced plans on a 100 terabyte drive.
Bubbles Are Good You're telling me they can't fit more into the box? They have 512GB micro sd cards but you want to believe they can't do it?!? No and about the avg person needing space. These days with recording HD and 4k videos and photos it's not hard to fill up 2 TB. It's all about technology control and money. They can't give us too much now.
Great instructional video!
floppy disk are still used in stage lighting boards to store shows lighting on. So you program the lighting needed by scene and its stored on the disk.
THE HARD DRIVE ON MY LAPTOP IS ONLY 32 GIGABYTES!!!!!!!
BlueJayGamer17 You probably have a Chromebook, and it doesnt have a hard drive, it uses flash storage which is faster than a hard drive, but more expensive to manufacture and holds less data, similiar to an SSD.
DemonicScepter an SD card? A HDD is 10 times faster.
Where's the gay dude?
A core memory pioneer passed on in 2018: Minnesotan Mike Mikkelson, a great entrepreneur back in his day & a good guy!
This video relives a hole lot of memories. I never found out there was such thing as flash memory until I bought an hp40g+ calculator back in either 2005. The manual suggested inserting a flash memory chip. Into a special slot built into the calculator. So I thought I was in seventh heaven with my SD Card because I could keep backing up my HOME directory onto this card. if things crashed I used the SD Card to get it back.
Eventually I learned how to organize my data into a DOS/Windows directory hierarchy. I built my Home directory archive filenames out of today's date. That way I know when I made them.
Nice video thanks!
Damn, I was born in the perfect century.
Imagine playing a 100GB games now while people back 50 years ago were limited to 10 kilobytes.
Lmao, even my assignments were bigger than that
congrats on the million subs!
I still use the 3.5" floppy on older Agilent spectrum analyzers, noise figure analyzers, and vector network analyzers to transfer screen captures to my Windows 10 laptop at work. Yes indeed Windows 10 has a floppy drive icon still in the icon database.
You missed acoustic and magnetostrictive delay lines, which would have fit in nicely before mentioning core memory. Acoustic delay lines used sound waves traveling through vats of liquid, usually mercury. Magnetorstictive types used vibrations through a nickel alloy wire. Sound representing the bits was transmitted at one end, received at the other, and then processed, amplified, and recycled back at the transmitting end. Many early calculators and computers used these. A typical calculator of the 1960s carried about 400-800 bits of data on it's delay line.
Also, there was the RCA Selectron tube. The Selectron was a directly addressable 256 byte vacuum tube RAM. It was used in the JOHNNIAC computer. A 4096 bit version was proposed, but not produced.
fun fact. floppy disks are still being used in theaters. the movement of the tracks above stage can be saved on them as the computer that controls this al is stil running on dos and not windows or something
That magnetic tape for archival storage he mentioned at 2:09, that he said was cheaper than hard drives for space even now, what do I search if I wanna find that on amazon/ebay/aliexpress/etc?
I still have an old DOS 6.2 boot disk lying around somewhere. I've been thinking of looking at it just because I can. (My case is almost ten years old, and it has a floppy drive.) I think that if you guys were willing to, I'd love to send you this old boot disk and watch you try to use it. Codes are listed online for it.
Your content is awesome thumbs up
I love these "history of" videos.
I used floppy disks until about 2007, when I started using CD-R then DVD-R. Then USB. It's only from about 2010 that I started using hard disk only for long term storage, and cloud for moving files between home and college/uni, and local network to move files between computers.
Around 2005 I was studying to become an Industrial Technician. At our school we had a somewhat old Numeric-Controlled Lathe and a boring tool.
We did draw in CAD, but the these drawings had to be printed on this long punch tape of red paper.
Just to make a simple chess bishop on the lathe required a tape about two meters long!
Loved the video, and your hair looks awesome. What produce do you use for that dry look?
Despite knowing all of this, I enjoyed that. Thank you.
Every single video on Techquickie seems like homework for a university presentation.
So close to 1,000,000 subscribers