The contamination of the product with chlorine interhalogen is not insignificant. This makes it unusable for synthesis purposes. A much cleaner and also efficient method is to use persulfate as an oxidizer, as I have shown on my channel. You just have to make sure that you use fresh persulfate that has not been stored for a long time and is therefore not yet partially decomposed. Instead of sulfuric acid, the ground glass joints can also be greased with less dangerous (but unfortunately expensive) silicone-free high-temperature grease based on Teflon. Drying bromine with sulfuric acid is less dangerous if the mixture is stirred magnetically instead of shaking, and the bromine is then separated. Since many hobby chemists are no longer allowed to use concentrated sulfuric acid, I wonder whether the bromine can also be dried with anhydrous calcium chloride or sodium sulfate. The hydrate should float on the bromine and therefore be quite easy to fish or filter off. Bromine is very easy to ampoule and can be stored relatively safely, especially if the sealed ampoules are also in an unbreakable protective container with cushioning material and concentrated thiosulfate solution. However, I would also advise against storing it in private living spaces or in larger quantities (more than 10 ml), as this could easily lead to an expensive rescue operation by the fire brigade's special chemical accident unit. Melt ampoules are cent items and can easily be obtained from well-known East Asian sales outlets. Neutralizing the unused bromine was definitely a waste. If you know that you only need a little, you can scale down the educt batch accordingly. Small amounts of excess bromine can be dissolved in water. Bromine water is a useful reagent that can be stored in dark bottles with Teflon-lined screw caps for up to a year when stored in a cool, dark place and is significantly less dangerous than elemental bromine. To neutralize bromine splashes and to rinse the apparatus, you should actually have carbonate-alkaline thiosulfate or, better yet, sulfite solution ready. The addition of alkalis prevents the annoying precipitation of sulfur with thiosulfate and the release of sulfur dioxide with sulfite.
Potassium peroxysulfate (oxone) can be bought for very cheap in kg amounts as swimming pool chemical ("pool shocker"). I do approve. Question: Silicone based greases (i.e. Baysilone) would not be inert enough to withstand bromine, wouldn't they?
@@Psychx_ No, they won't. They have to be based on PTFE. Don't confuse oxone (peroxomonosulfate) with peroxodisulfate or simply persulfate, which I meant. Per(oxodi)sulfate isn't and never should be used for pools, because it's too aggressive and btw allergenic, too. It's available as an etching agent for circuit boards, quite cheap and above all still not banned. Unfortunately it's not stable on the long term and therefore has to be stored cool and dark a in containers with a pressure equilization velve. Peroxomonosulfate isn't well suited for a quantitative oxidation of bromide to bromine, because it's too weak for this purpose.
Remember: It's fun to cover your distillation apparatus in aluminum foil while distilling bromine. To help the bromine evaporate. By bursting into flames
I have seen a simple and safer apparatus for making bromine: A one-neck round bottom flask with the TCCA, HCl and NaBr, a pressure equalized dripping funnel placed on top of that, and a condenser placed on top of the funnel. The bromine vapor formed can travel up through the side-arm of the funnel, get condensed by the condenser, and drops in the funnel. After the reaction, simply remove the round bottom flask and directly drain the bromine in the funnel off to another flask, where it can be stored. This can minimize bromine transfer and therefore risk of breathing in its vapors.
@Hydrolysisisfun googled real quick and yeah youre right, actually even less than a gram at any given point. But it's still more special since it's naturally occuring, tennesine is completely synthetic and if we count synthetic atoms we cant restrict ourselves only to the ones we made in a lab because the only difference between the halogen we made and the next one is just our knowledge of them meaing the heaviest halogen is unknown
The route I've heard before is basically the same method of using sulfuric acid and salt to generate HCl gas, but apparently with NaBr instead it makes some elemental bromine, which is easy to separate from any HBr produced. If you need HBr gas for something, it would be neat to see how much bromine is produced by that route.
Burning blood. I'll have to remember that for when a producer mentions he needs it for a shot. Surely making bromine on a film set would be safe, right? 🤣
Damn it man now I want some bromine and aluminum foil. I'm not going to mess with it because I don't know what I'm doing and I sure as hell wouldn't start with bromine
I showed my class your videos and the students said it felt cringy every time you try to be wittily funny with the awkward dry jokes. I sadly had to agree with them. 😅 Your channel is still cool. I told them to subscribe to you and other chemtubers. 😅 (Chemtubers 😅 I found out that is what gen-z call chemist youtubers. How creative! )
If you are able to order elemental bromine, you'll get it delivered in special capped brown glass bottles. Completely dry bromine cannot react with itself, so it would be possible to store it in transparent bottles, too. But as long as there are traces of moisture, it will react with the water and releases HBr gas on decomposition under the influence of light over the time, so that unwanted pressure might be built up inside the bottle. That's why bromine water definitely has to be stored in dark bottles and cool places und elemental bromine has to be dried before sealing it into ampoules.
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You should pin that comment so that it's definitely always at the top
Awesome video btw
Making bromine because you want to throw aluminum in it...probably the most METAL excuse I've heard for making this stuff! Great video man, as usual!
Thank you brother!
That shot at the end was absolutely beautiful.
It was amazing, gave me chills.
The contamination of the product with chlorine interhalogen is not insignificant. This makes it unusable for synthesis purposes.
A much cleaner and also efficient method is to use persulfate as an oxidizer, as I have shown on my channel.
You just have to make sure that you use fresh persulfate that has not been stored for a long time and is therefore not yet partially decomposed.
Instead of sulfuric acid, the ground glass joints can also be greased with less dangerous (but unfortunately expensive) silicone-free high-temperature grease based on Teflon.
Drying bromine with sulfuric acid is less dangerous if the mixture is stirred magnetically instead of shaking, and the bromine is then separated.
Since many hobby chemists are no longer allowed to use concentrated sulfuric acid, I wonder whether the bromine can also be dried with anhydrous calcium chloride or sodium sulfate. The hydrate should float on the bromine and therefore be quite easy to fish or filter off.
Bromine is very easy to ampoule and can be stored relatively safely, especially if the sealed ampoules are also in an unbreakable protective container with cushioning material and concentrated thiosulfate solution.
However, I would also advise against storing it in private living spaces or in larger quantities (more than 10 ml), as this could easily lead to an expensive rescue operation by the fire brigade's special chemical accident unit.
Melt ampoules are cent items and can easily be obtained from well-known East Asian sales outlets.
Neutralizing the unused bromine was definitely a waste.
If you know that you only need a little, you can scale down the educt batch accordingly.
Small amounts of excess bromine can be dissolved in water. Bromine water is a useful reagent that can be stored in dark bottles with Teflon-lined screw caps for up to a year when stored in a cool, dark place and is significantly less dangerous than elemental bromine.
To neutralize bromine splashes and to rinse the apparatus, you should actually have carbonate-alkaline thiosulfate or, better yet, sulfite solution ready. The addition of alkalis prevents the annoying precipitation of sulfur with thiosulfate and the release of sulfur dioxide with sulfite.
Potassium peroxysulfate (oxone) can be bought for very cheap in kg amounts as swimming pool chemical ("pool shocker"). I do approve.
Question: Silicone based greases (i.e. Baysilone) would not be inert enough to withstand bromine, wouldn't they?
@@Psychx_
No, they won't. They have to be based on PTFE.
Don't confuse oxone (peroxomonosulfate) with peroxodisulfate or simply persulfate, which I meant.
Per(oxodi)sulfate isn't and never should be used for pools, because it's too aggressive and btw allergenic, too. It's available as an etching agent for circuit boards, quite cheap and above all still not banned. Unfortunately it's not stable on the long term and therefore has to be stored cool and dark a in containers with a pressure equilization velve.
Peroxomonosulfate isn't well suited for a quantitative oxidation of bromide to bromine, because it's too weak for this purpose.
@@experimental_chemistry Thanks a lot for the clarification!
@@Psychx_ No problem.
Remember:
It's fun to cover your distillation apparatus in aluminum foil while distilling bromine.
To help the bromine evaporate.
By bursting into flames
thanks dad now i can finally make bromine on my own
You’re welcome son🗿
I love your approach to Chemistry as well as your ability to impart your knowledge.
I appreciate that!
I have seen a simple and safer apparatus for making bromine: A one-neck round bottom flask with the TCCA, HCl and NaBr, a pressure equalized dripping funnel placed on top of that, and a condenser placed on top of the funnel. The bromine vapor formed can travel up through the side-arm of the funnel, get condensed by the condenser, and drops in the funnel. After the reaction, simply remove the round bottom flask and directly drain the bromine in the funnel off to another flask, where it can be stored. This can minimize bromine transfer and therefore risk of breathing in its vapors.
So THATS how you cast Fireball!
I've always heard that bromine and aluminum react violently but I had never seen it before and Got damn that looked metal as hell. Banger vid
If you’re counting astatine, you should count tennessine because it is even heavier and is also too radioactive to get a large quantity of.
But you can naturally find bigger quantities of astatine, kinda pointless to mine tho
@@guythat779 Bigger quantities, by this you mean a few grams in the whole earth.
@Hydrolysisisfun googled real quick and yeah youre right, actually even less than a gram at any given point. But it's still more special since it's naturally occuring, tennesine is completely synthetic and if we count synthetic atoms we cant restrict ourselves only to the ones we made in a lab because the only difference between the halogen we made and the next one is just our knowledge of them meaing the heaviest halogen is unknown
That is by far the coolest fire I've ever seen in my life!
That reaction between aluminum and bromine looked like actual depictions of hell.
8:35 have you ever wanted fireworks that ALSO bleed?
😂😂😂😂😂 very dramatic indeed !
that was a very aesthetic redox reaction
The route I've heard before is basically the same method of using sulfuric acid and salt to generate HCl gas, but apparently with NaBr instead it makes some elemental bromine, which is easy to separate from any HBr produced. If you need HBr gas for something, it would be neat to see how much bromine is produced by that route.
that chemical reaction is absolutely evil looking
i'm taking some notes that it's handy to have some milk around when playing with this, thanks
That is easily one of the most beautiful reactions I've ever seen. Love this channel, keep it up!
Pretty distillation of your vanquished foe's blood.
The reaction with the aluminum was cool.
Burning blood. I'll have to remember that for when a producer mentions he needs it for a shot. Surely making bromine on a film set would be safe, right? 🤣
This makes me want to get into some shenanigans at the lab
Silly goose activities👀
Damn it man now I want some bromine and aluminum foil. I'm not going to mess with it because I don't know what I'm doing and I sure as hell wouldn't start with bromine
Nick Cannon with child support ☠️ A white boy chemist that watches wildin'out
Bromine seller, I'm going into battle, I need your strongest bromines!
Hi. Could you please recreate the procedure to oxidize ethers to esters with tcca
8:40 Looked like a sneak-peak into the depths of hell lmao
do i smell a video on a particular Shulgin compound coming soon 👀
thank you Chemdelic
Splash potion of harming
1:10 could probably also use a perfluoroalkyl or PFPE grease no?
Indeed you can.
I showed my class your videos and the students said it felt cringy every time you try to be wittily funny with the awkward dry jokes. I sadly had to agree with them. 😅
Your channel is still cool. I told them to subscribe to you and other chemtubers. 😅 (Chemtubers 😅 I found out that is what gen-z call chemist youtubers. How creative! )
Even if you don’t find my jokes funny, I still appreciate the support 🙏
Cool new intro ❤
Throw aluminum in me, bro!
It's scary but beautiful at the same time.
I've seen a few sources say this can be done with hydrogen peroxide & NaBr. Seems simpler. Is there something wrong with that?
That was the most beautiful thing sense Annie killed all this jedi brats
Oh baby here we go! ps: nice EDP reference my bro
Nice bro🎉
Liquid firecracker
Ah, you’ve made *hell*
Where'd you get that Bro? At the Bromine?
Can you turn urea into ammonia using def fluid?
that reaction was EPIC!
Stellar video as always :)
Bromine?
Yeah, bro mean.
I see “gone sexual,” I click!
Had to change the title cause I got ad suitability issues 😂
Was this produced/filmed by the same people who did GOT Season 8?
Is that good or bad lol
Bromine.
It's faaaantastic!
Ok so bromine and aluminum don't mix got it.....unless you want to see an energetic reaction.
why the blue color in the fire at the end?
maybe heat?
Great question, i think it's alumimum burning white but appearing slightly blueish on camera
Does bromine have to be stored in a dark container?
An ampoule is generally used as bromine leaks out of everything
If you are able to order elemental bromine, you'll get it delivered in special capped brown glass bottles. Completely dry bromine cannot react with itself, so it would be possible to store it in transparent bottles, too.
But as long as there are traces of moisture, it will react with the water and releases HBr gas on decomposition under the influence of light over the time, so that unwanted pressure might be built up inside the bottle. That's why bromine water definitely has to be stored in dark bottles and cool places und elemental bromine has to be dried before sealing it into ampoules.
Dayum
You sound uncannily like Anthony Jeselnik
Fire's cool.
How to create hellfire.
It's so sad that you just destroyed again after making it
I couldn’t store it unfortunately. Thought I would use more at the time but never did. Should have lowered the amount I made.
comment for the algo
I accidentally 5 grams of bromine.
What should i do,
rip
Bromine moment
Broment
Is the video up on OF yet?😝
New mic?
No but I need one bad😂
@@chemdelic Oh, haha. It sounded different (in a good way) so I assumed there was an upgrade. Hopefully soon!
now do Dibromoethane
im boutta brom
.. Eh.
😂😂😂😂😂😂 Excellent 👌 👏 👍 😂
second I guess
Please stop with the text to speech.
That’s my voice💀
Why are you bald
I’m not😂
Holy cringe
That’s what the channel is!
first
YOU WIN.....nothing at all
nothing at all....nothing at all....nothing at all....nothing at all....
Most beutiful halogwn is iyodyne
If you have a patreon you shouldnt be wasting my time with a surfshark ad. Unsubbed
Patreon doesn’t pay nearly as well as a sponsor does😂. But alright bro sad to see you go