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What Gear Shape Meshes With a Square?
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How do you design the perfect gear to partner with a given shape? It's tempting to think the way to do it is to treat both gears as if they're rolling on each other without slipping, but it turns out most gears by their very nature must slip as they spin. Why is that?
Playlist of Weird Wheel videos: czcams.com/play/PLBVP28tRh1pXjZxJzZ2poJf5OhETqSksI.html
=Chapters=
0:00 - Wheels are not gears!
2:03 - What's wrong with wheels?
5:32 - Ground News ad
7:21 - How to design actual gears
12:07 - Envelopes
18:50 - Parametrizing an orbiting gear
22:04 - Computing the envelope
25:22 - Example gear pairs
29:05 - Resolving road-wheel clipping
30:39 - Outro
===============================
This video was generously supported in part by these patrons on Patreon:
Marshall Harrison, Michael OConnor, Mfriend, Carlos Herrado, James Spear
If you want to support the channel, you can become a patron at
www.patreon.com/morphocular
Thanks for your support!
===============================
CREDITS
The music tracks used in this video are (in order of first appearance): Rubix Cube, Checkmate, Ascending, Orient, Falling Snow
The track "Rubix Cube" comes courtesy of Audionautix.com
The animation of the moving point of contact between two gears comes from Claudio Rocchini. Original source: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Involute_wheel.gif
===============================
The animations in this video were mostly made with a homemade Python library called "Morpho". It's mostly a personal project, but if you want to play with it, you can find it here:
github.com/morpho-matters/morpholib
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Komentáře

  • @thetopnick32
    @thetopnick32 Před 17 hodinami

    16:07 2^Aleph0

  • @matei_woold_wewu
    @matei_woold_wewu Před dnem

    1:16 the sum from n = 0 to ∞ of 1/2^n

  • @myhlosic
    @myhlosic Před dnem

    You good man? I noticed that little "I hate this channel" in the corner around the 1:55 mark. I hope you're alright

  • @niaschimnoski882
    @niaschimnoski882 Před dnem

    Cool, so "real gears" are floating point numbers, and "nonslipping rolling wheels" are integer numbers??? THAT IS SO COOL!!! Instead of a clock with continuous motion, I can have a clock with lag!!!!!!!! Bro.... Computers do that!!!!!!!! 5 5 5 timer bro!!!!!!! Yay😁

  • @echtblikbonen
    @echtblikbonen Před dnem

    I have no clue what I'm listening to but it's super interesting

  • @eriktempelman2097
    @eriktempelman2097 Před dnem

    Thoroughly enjoyed this one ❤❤

  • @SherlockHolmesACD
    @SherlockHolmesACD Před dnem

    15:35 D.I method: am I a joke to you?

  • @Tornike-cd8xr
    @Tornike-cd8xr Před 2 dny

    now find out how to make a rack and pinion

  • @zecorezecron
    @zecorezecron Před 2 dny

    As an engineer, most of the time it is just using square teeth or triangular teeth, giving the gears the right number of teeth to get the ratio we want, and adding lube. The wear on gears will basically do what your algorithm does, but to both of them. That and that paint brush thing.

  • @louplayz752
    @louplayz752 Před 2 dny

    Math X Engineering. My favorite ship

    • @Gordy-io8sb
      @Gordy-io8sb Před 2 dny

      Engineering is literally built on mathematics. Ever heard of the differential equations, complex analysis, Fourier series, etc.? Those are all integral parts to all aspects of engineering.

  • @louplayz752
    @louplayz752 Před 2 dny

    Those who like Taylor’s because they are Swifties | | V

  • @VitalSigns1288
    @VitalSigns1288 Před 2 dny

    I love the sponsored segment "people should learn to think critically, but that misinformation should be buried and filtered by politicians, after all, everyone knows politicians are non-biased and never make decisions based on their own personal misconceptions." If this guy cared about the truth and people learning to think critically he wouldn't then follow that up with "but we do need censorship." Honestly, I will never understand how people can have full faith and confidence in their own opinion while also fearing conflicting ideas out of fear that they will supplant their own when forced under comparison.

  • @makrofn
    @makrofn Před 2 dny

    once you said 1/x was close but (0,infinity) doesnt count, i just thought adding 0.1 or 0.3. 1/(x-0.1) was an easy solution

  • @IcheeCOTC
    @IcheeCOTC Před 2 dny

    the cardioid makes an onion. the ❤️ makes an 🧅. is this the mathematical connection between love and Shrek we've been looking for for the past 23 years?

  • @Spikeba11
    @Spikeba11 Před 2 dny

    Mechanical Engineer here: Your negative space to determine the shape has a problem in that the "peaks" and "troughs" of gears don't touch. Making them touch causes problems in their function. If I recall correctly the problem is the gears will bind. Gear contact is a more complex interaction then you seem to realize. Gears can drive in both direction, your clover gear can't drive the square gear without perfect friction. Gears work better with lower friction not higher friction, those are not gears. Without friction the clover will rotate the square so the close side is perpendicular to the line between the axels and then spin freely wit the square staying stationary. The contact point on gears jump, they don't trace out the shape of the gears in one continuous motion. In fact if your gears don't rotate both ways you only need about half of each tooth! Less the half of the perimeter would be a contact surface! I think you designed noncircular friction rollers. Which are not actually gears. Some people list them as a type of gear but they just are not; although they are a direct competitor for the same applications. Edit: you comment on the similarity to the wheel for a square is your "gear" is allowing some slippage to adjust for constant angular speed by allowing specific amount of slippage without actually supplying a mechanism to control the amount of slippage. In a gear the slippage is controlled by the geometry of the teeth, that is why teat have their peculiar shape.

  • @tam741gaming
    @tam741gaming Před 3 dny

    "Tell me that's not cool" Me: That's not cool

  • @__-rz1jx
    @__-rz1jx Před 3 dny

    conected because it exists and is connected just infinitly much

  • @__-rz1jx
    @__-rz1jx Před 3 dny

    i would think that we could observe that if the wheel moved to the center then was moved a bit over it would there on the line and that would be a simple observation

  • @user-vj4rx9hz9r
    @user-vj4rx9hz9r Před 4 dny

    isnt it just 3*sqare(2.5)x^2.5

  • @brandonpurvis3878
    @brandonpurvis3878 Před 4 dny

    My feet don’t have zero width unfortunately

  • @locryStudios
    @locryStudios Před 4 dny

    Epic!!!! ❤❤❤

  • @gavart4509
    @gavart4509 Před 4 dny

    “ShIfT gEaRs” 🤓👆

  • @louison3216
    @louison3216 Před 4 dny

    That was amazingly put. Congrats, I really learned from it.

  • @sheikhAbdelrahman
    @sheikhAbdelrahman Před 4 dny

    It's cosine not sine wave!

  • @prakhyatpandey5341
    @prakhyatpandey5341 Před 5 dny

    This should be a 3b1b SOME submission...

  • @michaelschude236
    @michaelschude236 Před 5 dny

    Math and engineering majors are on a whole different level dude. You lost me like 9 minutes in

  • @BenjaminGoldberg1
    @BenjaminGoldberg1 Před 5 dny

    My favorite function is $$f(x)=\begin{cases}x&x\in\mathbb Q\\x+1&x otin\mathbb Q\end{cases}$$ Changing to complex numbers does not help here.

  • @thed4404
    @thed4404 Před 5 dny

    i'll only save it for later lol i am only at 3rd year college for bsmath... i can't take this kind of math yet lol

  • @ahegpbtrftcotu
    @ahegpbtrftcotu Před 6 dny

    26:20 You've created an anti-cam. I hate it. 😂👏👏👏👏👏

  • @user-cf5fe1rr1t
    @user-cf5fe1rr1t Před 6 dny

    hi, can you tell me wich software?

  • @JUMPY_NEB
    @JUMPY_NEB Před 6 dny

    I love the visuals But if you were to ask me about the math I’d go Uuummm… ummmm mmmmmm Idk

  • @ohno5559
    @ohno5559 Před 6 dny

    I'm sure this wouldn't actually be practical, but if all you need is constant rotation at the input and the output and not necessarily at every intermediate step, you could use wheels as gears, right? It seems like it should be possible to cancel out all the jerkiness so that the input and output rotate together smoothly, with only internal gears moving at non-constant rates.

  • @cardboardhed1967
    @cardboardhed1967 Před 6 dny

    great video but I will say it would have been nice to see the gear partners spinning like gears once the problem was solved, instead of rolling around each other. still great stuff though keep it up

  • @Broken_robot1986
    @Broken_robot1986 Před 6 dny

    I hate it when my gears slip but in the wrong way.

  • @MrPsyJak
    @MrPsyJak Před 6 dny

    It's pronounced 'envolope'.

  • @scorbiot
    @scorbiot Před 6 dny

    Hey, it's the Rubix Cube!

  • @xiang-yue-fung
    @xiang-yue-fung Před 6 dny

    18:49 I've yalling "bezier curve" all the time lol

  • @rodneylives
    @rodneylives Před 6 dny

    Isn't the rotation property of complex numbers more a result of multiplying any number pairs by coordinates on the unit circle, rather than the fact of one of the coordinates being imaginary?

  • @mlglolxd1
    @mlglolxd1 Před 6 dny

    when youre so fed up with scrolling thru tt that youre watching how a gear is made for any shape 😭 (its interesting tho)

  • @AlexandruVoda
    @AlexandruVoda Před 6 dny

    What if R is not constant and is a tensioned spring instead?

  • @BennoRob95
    @BennoRob95 Před 7 dny

    The slippage is more perpendicular to the axel-line for the gears than expected considering the hook the video claims in the beginning, but also the gears in the example seem to break contact before they would drag against eachother by dezign Also, misinformation should be determined by the listener and not governed by a central body or even someone else, that’s how fascizm begins, hence The First Amendment

  • @NoahHornberger
    @NoahHornberger Před 7 dny

    another rotation to get dialup

  • @BallOfSloop
    @BallOfSloop Před 7 dny

    When it got to the envelope I stopped understanding but that was probably my fault cause I spaced out when he was talking

  • @CanIHaveACookiee
    @CanIHaveACookiee Před 7 dny

    cannot be asked to watch half an hour of yipyap someone tell me where he answers the question that is the title, which is the only reason i clicked on this video, to find out what gear shape meshes with a square, i click and i'm greeted with a half hour long video, it doesn't require 30 whole minutes to tell me what gear shape meshes with a square.

  • @BartJBols
    @BartJBols Před 7 dny

    This was too difficult for me, i don't have the mathematical backing to understand some of the concepts. Sad because i really wanted to get it.

  • @gendalfgray7889
    @gendalfgray7889 Před 7 dny

    Imaginary numbers looks like x,y coordinates. Why its written as a+bi when its just vector (a,b)? Its main feature is rotation by multiplying on i, which can be done with usual vector with similar rotation rule.

  • @macropusmacropus
    @macropusmacropus Před 7 dny

    great work/presentation! you got a new fan ;)

  • @NoenD_io
    @NoenD_io Před 8 dny

    Beep boop beep boop beep

  • @szymoniak75
    @szymoniak75 Před 8 dny

    one of the best videos I've seen for some time

  • @silvory7021
    @silvory7021 Před 8 dny

    I would argue that the curve with the line along the y-axis is still connected with the path definition (Disclaimer: I am not a mathematician, so feel free to correct me if I'm misusing terminology; more notes at bottom). There are only two possible scenarios for the "endpoints" of the separated curves without the vertical line (these "endpoints" reflect the y-value of the function immediately to the left and immediately to the right of x=0). The endpoints are either located at effectively the same point to create what would normally be a removable discontinuity or located at different y-values to create what would normally be a jump discontinuity. These types of discontinuity usually refer to functions where the limits at the x-value are known. In this case, the limits from the left and right are undefined due to the oscillating pattern. However, the function is bounded between two y-values, so we know that the "endpoints" of both sides will each have a y-value between -1 and 1. This would mean that adding a line at x=0 that ranges from y=-1 to y=1 should attach to both disconnected "endpoints" regardless of where they are positioned relative to the y-axis. Although we cannot determine the precise values of the path function as it meets the y-axis, similar to the way that we cannot determine a finite limit at x=0, an indefinite path function must exist that traces the vertical line to connect the two segments. Note: This is the result of a bunch of concepts and theorems back from Calculus 1 that have been scrambled together from memory to try to make something that resembles a decent explanation. The main inspiring concepts aside from discontinuity were the Intermediate Value Theorem and the Squeeze Theorem. It's also 2:30am as I'm finishing this (I got hyperfixated on number stuff again), so please let me know if there's something that doesn't make sense, and I'll try my best to clarify later