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Richard Body
United Kingdom
Registrace 21. 05. 2011
Thanks for visiting my CZcams channel. I'm a professor of Emergency Medicine at the University of Manchester, and I work at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust as an honorary consultant in Emergency Medicine and the Group Director of Research & Innovation. My channel is devoted to medical education and knowledge translation. I have special interests in diagnostics, new medical technologies, evidence-based medicine, acute coornary syndromes, cardiac biomarkers, cardiac troponin, ECG interpretation and COVID-19.
I hope you find my videos useful. If so, please subscribe and let me know what works well (or not so well). Let me know if there's any content you'd like to see in future.
My opinions do not necessarily reflect those of my employer.
I hope you find my videos useful. If so, please subscribe and let me know what works well (or not so well). Let me know if there's any content you'd like to see in future.
My opinions do not necessarily reflect those of my employer.
Shared Decision Making Guided by T-MACS
A summary of how to use our co-produced decision making to engage in shared decision making with patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes as part of the T-MACS Choice trial. Link to trial registration: classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04313465
zhlédnutí: 39
Video
Shared Decision Making: A Medicolegal Risk?
zhlédnutí 40Před měsícem
Some clinicians are concerned about using shared decision making in case it exposes them to medicolegal risk. On the contrary, using shared decision making should be regarded as a standard of care. I summarise why, citing General Medical Council guidance, NICE recommendations and the Medical Protection Society training. Key references: www.gmc-uk.org/professional-standards/professional-standard...
The Three Talk Model for Shared Decision Making
zhlédnutí 48Před měsícem
In this video, I give a short summary of the Three Talk Model for shared decision making, which we'll be using in the T-MACS Choice trial. Key references: www.nice.org.uk/about/what-we-do/our-programmes/nice-guidance/nice-guidelines/shared-decision-making, www.bmj.com/content/359/bmj.j4891
Why is sweating observed used as a predictor of acute coronary syndromes in T-MACS?
zhlédnutí 65Před měsícem
The Troponin-only Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (T-MACS) decision aid includes visible or observed sweating (diaphoresis) as a predictor of acute myocardial infarction. Why is it in there and how do we assess it? Key references: heart.bmj.com/content/100/18/1462, emj.bmj.com/content/34/6/349, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300957209005954
Why is chest pain in association with vomiting part of the T-MACS decision aid?
zhlédnutí 61Před měsícem
The Troponin-only Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (T-MACS) decision aid for patients with suspected cardiac chest pain includes vomiting in association with the chest pain as a predictor. How do we assess this and why is it there? Key references: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300957209005954, emj.bmj.com/content/34/6/349, heart.bmj.com/content/100/18/1462
Calculating T-MACS: Why is pain radiating to the RIGHT arm or shoulder in there?
zhlédnutí 51Před měsícem
The Troponin-only Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (T-MACS) decision aid includes, as a predictor, pain radiating to the right arm or right shoulder. Why is that in there as a predictor when textbooks will tell you that pain radiating to the left arm or left shoulder is typical of a myocardial infarction? I explain why in this short video. Here's a key reference, from one of our older public...
ECG ischaemia and T MACS
zhlédnutí 30Před měsícem
A quick summary of how to assess for acute ECG ischaemia when calculating T-MACS in a patient with chest pain or discomfort and a suspected acute coronary syndrome in emergency settings. Look for signs of ST depression, T inversion and new left bundle branch block (LBBB).
Assessing 'worsening angina' when using T-MACS
zhlédnutí 41Před měsícem
A quick summary of how to decide if a patient has worsening or crescendo angina when calculating the T-MACS output for patients with acute chest pain and a suspected acute coronary syndrome in an emergency setting.
How T-MACS Can Guide Patient Flow in Emergency Departments and Ambulances
zhlédnutí 101Před měsícem
This is a summary of how the Troponin-only Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (T-MACS) decision aid can be used to direct patient flows in Emergency Departments and in the prehospital environment. This forms part of our Health Innovation Accelerator Project funded by Innovate UK, in partnership with Health Innovation Manchester.
The basics of cardiac troponin
zhlédnutí 134Před měsícem
In this video, I explain what cardiac troponin is. I cover the differences between troponin T, troponin I and troponin C, how we use the tests to detect myocardial injury, how we differentiate between acute and chronic injury and how we decide if the diagnosis is acute myocardial infarction. I also cover how we can use cardiac troponin tests to rapidly rule in or rule out myocardial infarction ...
T-MACS for patients with acute chest pain: What is it and why is it useful?
zhlédnutí 95Před měsícem
The Troponin-only Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (T-MACS or TMACS) decision aid was derived and validated to assist with the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes for patients attending the Emergency Department (ED). It uses high-sensitivity troponin alongside details of a patient’s symptoms, physical signs and the ECG interpretation. Using those factors, it calculates a probability ...
Prehospital Troponin Testing: An introduction to Our Health Innovation Accelerator Project
zhlédnutí 68Před měsícem
An introduction to our Health Innovation Accelerator project in partnership with Health Innovation Manchester, in which we will pilot the implementation of point of care high-sensitivity troponin testing alongside the use of T-MACS in the prehospital environment, within the North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust.
Shared Decision Making in Chest Pain: The T-MACS Choice Trial for Emergency Clinicians
zhlédnutí 53Před měsícem
A description of the practical requirements to take part in our feasibility study evaluating shared decision making for patients with chest pain/discomfort and suspected acute coronary syndromes, guided by T-MACS.
Weird spiky T waves. Or are they?
zhlédnutí 510Před 9 měsíci
An interesting bradycardic ECG with what appears to be late spiky T waves. But, on closer inspection, you'll see that they're not T waves at all... They're P waves. This is Mobitz type 2 second degree heart block. #Mobitz #ECG #FOAMed #FOAM #EKG #Doctor #emergencymedicine #cardiology #medicalstudent #heartblock
When two troponin tests aren't enough in chronic myocardial injury
zhlédnutí 289Před 10 měsíci
Let's say we have a patient with suspected myocardial infarction. We measure troponin on arrival and 3 hours later. The first level is slightly high, the second hasn't changed. Can we relax and call this a chronic myocardial injury? Or should we do something else. In this video I explain the situations when two troponin tests aren't enough. #troponin #myocardialinfarction #emergencymedicine #fo...
What's a Macro Troponin and what should I do about it?
zhlédnutí 652Před 10 měsíci
What's a Macro Troponin and what should I do about it?
A great way to make complex decisions in healthcare: Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
zhlédnutí 196Před 11 měsíci
A great way to make complex decisions in healthcare: Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
Why is research important in emergency medicine?
zhlédnutí 532Před 2 lety
Why is research important in emergency medicine?
High Lateral STEMI: How NOT to miss it!
zhlédnutí 3,8KPřed 2 lety
High Lateral STEMI: How NOT to miss it!
ECG Basics 3: Interpreting rhythm strips
zhlédnutí 3,2KPřed 2 lety
ECG Basics 3: Interpreting rhythm strips
ECG basics 2: a system for interpreting ECGs
zhlédnutí 1,2KPřed 2 lety
ECG basics 2: a system for interpreting ECGs
ECG basics 1: Which part of the heart do the 12 leads look at?
zhlédnutí 3,5KPřed 2 lety
ECG basics 1: Which part of the heart do the 12 leads look at?
Practice Changing Papers in Emergency Medicine from 2021
zhlédnutí 197Před 2 lety
Practice Changing Papers in Emergency Medicine from 2021
Rapid rule-out of acute myocardial infarction: understanding cardiac troponin
zhlédnutí 1,8KPřed 2 lety
Rapid rule-out of acute myocardial infarction: understanding cardiac troponin
Thank you Doc.
What is the reason of getting 2 pattern s,type A and B according to pathophysiology and/or coronary anatomy..?
What is that normal troponin
This is brilliant Too long ive not known what people are talking about - resolved - thanks :)
L frontalis muscles
Helpful thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
Very useful 🙏🙏🙏🙏Thank you very much 🌹
Thank you!
Great video! Thank you!
Glad you liked it!
Awesome teacher, God bless you for teaching and sharing ❤❤❤❤
Thank you! ☺️
You are very good teacher , thank you so much
Thank you! 😃
4 to 5 in a week or two... stays at 4a week or two ago, then tests at 5 with cardiac symptoms and atrial flutter on EKG. The new testing seems to be causing more confusion than not, unless it is clear from other signs and symptoms that either it's an MI or not. Ultra sensitive troponin levels in a couple of hours in an ED may not show any changes, yet there can still be major symptoms, abnormal troponin levels in blood samples, especially chronic tachycardia and/or bradycardia. It seems there is far, far too much emphasis on troponin levels and not enough time in an ED to see changes that are important. To send a patient on their way without followup is likely to result in a catostraphic event, yet reliance on troponin level changes in an ED is not advisable. Find out what is causing the problem. Having a test with so many false positives or negatives, as you said, you may as well flip a coin to guess.. 50-50% chance of an MI or not, yet the patients come in with symptoms. It may not be a cardiac problem, but you should be aware of what brought a person to the ED, and be able to make a diagnosis, and not leave a patient with very comcerning symptoms and no answers. Keep in mind that different tests have different reference ranges as well. Here, we have <4 as the standard. 5+ is outside the normal of 99% of the population tested. It would be helpful to have a video about differential diagnosis of patients with heart flutter and small elevations of troponins. The 20% change could be from 4 to 5 (0.004ng/L to 0.005ng/L) or a 25%^. Possibly a small MI, maybe a difference in the test, perhaps a laundry list of other things. Most EDs here in the states aren't going to keep a patient past 2 hours, thus not long enough to make a determination. Perhaps patient education in elementary, junior high, high school, and adult populations. I'm not sure the global medical community has any handle on these newer ultra sensitive troponin tests. It may be prudent to discharge many of these patients, yet it is necessary to discover what the problem is that brought the patient to the ED. A differential diagnosis is necessary, as discharging a patient simply because they didn’t have an MI is ignoring other, just as serious issues. Differential diagnosis is a necessity, least we aren't treating patients as people, and simply as a certain condition. Is the patient breathing OK? Just asking. I literally experienced a doctor who totally missed a patient's main concern, and discharged a patient based strictly on an unchanging troponin level, yet totally missed the patient's breathing problem. It was pretty horrific.
Thanks for your comment! You’re right about other causes but the key is to remember that troponin is just a marker of myocardial injury. There are many other problems that don’t cause injury to the myocardium, so we can’t expect troponin to detect them. It’s not a failure of the test - more a matter of understanding the test and it’s role. Troponin is extremely helpful to detect myocardial injury and myocardial infarction - we just couldn’t detect many of the conditions we can now with high-sensitivity troponin assays. However, you’re absolutely right that it is just a blood test for one thing - and therefore only one part of a more holistic evaluation, which is crucial for every patient encounter.
Awesome, thank you ❤❤
Complexity made, simple, thank you thank you and thank you ❤❤❤❤❤
You’re welcome 😊
4.50 result of high sensitive troponin T is normal?
Probably. It depends on the particular test (assay) and the units that this was measured in. 4.5ng/L would be within normal for every commercially available assay at the moment. However, 4.5 micrograms per litre would be very high.
Great video! btw prednisone is not a trade name for prednisolone, it is a prodrug of prednisolone.
My troponin was 14. 1 hour later is was 10. EKG normal, x ray normal. Elevated blood pressure and shortness of breath was contributed to a panic attack… sound right?
I can’t give individual medical advice on here, but those troponin results may well have been within normal. (I can’t say for sure without knowing the particular test and the units). The troponin, ECG and x-ray can’t make the diagnosis of a panic attack - they are done to rule out other serious conditions. Once a clinician has done that, they then have to work out what’s likely to have caused the symptoms based on their overall evaluation. It’s good practice to talk this through with you. I hope you’re feeling better.
This happen to me April 2023. Male 42 years old. Fit, non smoker, no drug use, no drinking Chest pain after a 15 km run. Few days in the hospital after the false positive was found
It can be very challenging to pick that up, especially if you had chest pain. I’m glad they found it and I hope you’re keeping well!
Thank youuuu
Great video thank you 😊
You’re welcome 😊
What is the normal troponin T level range?
Very useful , thanks a lot
Hi Richard. Thanks for the ECG example. I was just wondering how you interpret the ECG as a Mobitz type 2. I personally would only say that it is a second degree block 2:1, as I cannot compare one PR segment to the next, as there is a drop after one complex.
Yes, you're right that it's second degree heart block with a 2:1 ratio, but that's also Mobitz type 2. Mobitz type 1 is Wenckebach, with a progressively lengthening PR interval until a beat drops, whereas Mobitz type 2 doesn't have that feature - they drop despite a fixed PR interval. It can occur in any ratio (or even with no discernable pattern), but in this case it's 2:1.
You hijacked my phone
Dr. Body, thank you so much for sharing you insights on this topic! It really helps me as someone who is new to this field to appreciate the important of EM research! The examples you gave made me feel more interested into this field. However, I have a question on the saving life part: do you mean that by asking more questions and conduct more experiments with patients, there is a increased chance of discovering a better treatment and therefore saving more lives? Thank you so much for the information! 11:31
Thank you very much for your kind comments! The point you made is absolutely true. I was trying to show, in that segment, that even offering patients the opportunity to participate in research saves lives. The treatments we study aren’t usually offered in routine care until we finish the research. This means that patients are getting an opportunity to receive treatments that they otherwise wouldn’t. Sometimes those treatments will be found to be ineffective. However, sometimes we find that they save lives. In that case, the patients who participated and received the new treatment have had the benefit of a treatment that improved their outcome. We only know that with hindsight. However, when we look at data from previous trials we can work out how many people survived to the end of the trial because they participated in the trial. When we ask patients if they’d like to participate in research, we have to be careful not to over-promise on such benefits because we simply don’t know (at that time) whether there will be a benefit. But when we look back we can often see that participating in the trial had health benefits in itself.
Thank y❤
Thank you
Welcome!
Keep up this thank you
Thank you!
Excellent
Thank you so much 😀
I am working working with ultrasonogram validity in osteoarthritis knee, in that case I get only 3 papers! I choose osteoarthritis or knee osteoarthritis for searching?
This is the best I'm an EM/IM physician oftenly encounter this issue. I wonder if patients with Chronic kidney disease have this cuz usually those patients have baseline elevated troponin.
Well done. Please keep more of these videos coming!
Thanks, will do!
Here's a link to the paper on this, led by the fantastic Ola Hammarsten, who taught me a huge amount on this important issue: www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/cclm-2023-0028/html
👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Super!
that look of seriousness in a heart attack
Thanks for this video. It's so helpful!
Glad it was helpful!
Hi Richard, big fan of your content. I'm a healthy, 33 year old athlete and Soldier in Alaska. I recently went to the ER because I was feeling a little panicky with some chest discomfort. They said I had elevated troponin levels. During my visit they tested me twice and the results were the same. The levels neither decreased or increased. They checked for blood clots and that was negative. They also did an ultrasound of my heart and said there was no damage. I'm very unfamiliar with the troponin tests. I watched your video on high sensitivity troponin tests tonight and found the information very educational. I've been having some anxiety post ER visit. I'm a bit of a gym rat and don't want that lifestyle to change. I've been pushing my body very hard lately in the gym ding both high intensity cardio and weightlifting. I'm not asking for a diagnosis, but could the troponin levels just be from fatigue and pushing myself in the gym without adequate rest? Thank you! -Seth .
Hi Seth, sorry to read about your recent visit to the ER and the blood results. There are lots of reasons why troponin might be raised in someone who’s apparently healthy. It could be what we call chronic myocardial injury. Chronic just means it’s been going on for a long time, ie not a sudden thing. It can be heart problems (like valve disease, the heart’s pump not working as it should, or certain other problems) and there are some things that aren’t heart problems (like kidney disease). Sometimes very high blood pressure, diabetes or similar issues can cause a higher troponin. Sometimes it’s not from heart muscle at all. Occasionally we see high results from skeletal muscle (ie the muscles of your body rather than the heart). This is rare but it does happen. Sometimes people have certain antibodies that confuse the test - and so you get a high result even though you don’t actually have a high level of troponin. I can’t give health advice on CZcams. Therefore I can just say that it would be reasonable to ask your doctor if this could be looked into some more, maybe by running a test from a different manufacturer to see if the results are still high as a starting point - though it depends on the context and how high the result was.
@@RichardBody Thank you so much for your thorough reply Richard. I'll be having a visit with a cardiologist in the near future to talk about all these things. I appreciate all that information. I just have to be patient in dealing with all of this 🙂
MAKE MOAR ECG VIDEOS !!!!!!!! these are brilliant
Thank you! Will do 👍
Thank you for this video, I’d love to know why Cardiologist say “don’t worry” when I’ve consistently had mildly raised Troponins for the past year or so - but ….ECG , Cardisc MRI , CT angiogram show heart is fine no damage?
Like what?
I spend 3 weeks looking up various resources on how to search Medline and Embase but yours was the clearest I've ever come across. I feel like I've seen a light. Thanks for doing this video
Thank you! I’m glad it was helpful
Amazing
Thank you very much for this great explanation. 👍👍👍👍👍👏👏👏👏👏
Best and most straight to the point video on youtube thanks a lot
I have no access on EMBASE , ANY one can help
how to differnentiate j point elevation from stemi, one video plz
in v1, v2, first deflection is downward, so, is not that q wave?
Very nice lecture ..
Great! Thank you 😊
how do you filter for clinical trials, thanks for the video, very helpful!
thanks for the lecture...very informative and detailed. I had the test done here recently in our er and it saved my life! so I am most interested in your work and analysis...keep it up!
Excellent talk thanks so much