But Why?
But Why?
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Your Brain on Marijuana
How the brain works has always been a particular source of wonder to me. I was fascinated in how the dynamics of literal brain chemistry can change the entire computational process.
Recently I have been wondering more and more about what exactly "being high" means. What is happening on a biomolecular level when we ingest cannabis? What changes in neurons that causes things to be perceived so differently?
This video wound up requiring the most reading I've ever done on a topic. The exact biomolecular mechanisms are nuanced and still not completely fleshed out. Especially with regards to processes beyond the dopaminergic pathways.
But this should be a pretty comprehensive overview of getting you up to speed on what's happening.
Used Sources:
The endocannabinoid system - doi.org/10.1042/ebc20190086
Review of the Endocannabinoid System - doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bpsc.2020.07.016
An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System - doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.028
Sustained Elevation of Dendritic Calcium Evokes Widespread Endocannabinoid Release and Suppression of Synapses onto Cerebellar Purkinje Cells - doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.1280-06.2006
Adenylyl Cyclase - www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/topics/cyclase.html
NEUROTRANSMITTER IDENTIFICATION AND ACTION: IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS VERSUS METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS - openbooks.lib.msu.edu/introneuroscience1/chapter/neurotransmitter-action-ionotropic-receptors/
Endocannabinoid System and Exogenous Cannabinoids in Depression and Anxiety: A Review - doi.org/10.3390%2Fbrainsci13020325
Endocannabinoid modulation of dopamine neurotransmission - doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuropharm.2017.04.033
CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors and their Associated Proteins - doi.org/10.2174%2F092986710790980023
Voltage-dependent modulation of N-type calcium channels by G-protein β γsubunits - doi.org/10.1038/380255a0
VTA GABA Neurons at the Interface of Stress and Reward - doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2019.00078
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Are Expressed in a Subset of Dopamine Neurons and Underlie Cannabinoid-Induced Aversion, Hypoactivity, and Anxiolytic Effects in Mice - doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1493-22.2022
Optogenetic brain-stimulation reward: A new procedure to re-evaluate the rewarding versus aversive effects of cannabinoids in dopamine transporter-Cre mice - doi.org/10.1111%2Fadb.13005
zhlédnutí: 22 955

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Astro Alchemy: Where Rare Elements Come From
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How do you make gold? Simply bombard a nucleus with countless neutrons before it can decay. Special Thanks to Prof. Rob Jeffries from the Keele Astrophysics Group for his expertise in this area. Further reading: r-process nucleosynthesis and kilonovae from hypermassive neutron star post-merger remnants - doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3128 The Complete Explanation of the Nuclear Magic Numbers - www....
Why does E=MC²?
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Let's find out.
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What exactly are the mechanisms holding atoms together and why does bringing them together create energy? Relevant Papers: On the Mechanism of Nucleon-Nucleon Attraction by Pion Exchange - doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2018.98090 A reappraisal of the mechanism of pion exchange and its implications for the teaching of particle physics - hst-archive.web.cern.ch/archiv/HST2002/feynman/Pion exchange.pdf Orig...
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As a kid I had no idea what it meant when I was told "Mass is Energy" and "Mass can be converted into energy". No matter how many times someone repeated that "They are just the same thing" it didn't click. Well hopefully this can clear things up to younger me. Further Reading: Inside the Proton, the ‘Most Complicated Thing You Could Possibly Imagine’ - www.quantamagazine.org/inside-the-proton-t...
When Do Black Holes Form?
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Today we are discussing Generation IV nuclear reactors and the prospect of Thorium fuels and Fast Neutron reactors. Special thanks to Ludovic Mathieu, LP2i Bordeaux (CNRS and Univ. of Bordeaux laboratory) for answering many of my questions and helping clear up uncertainties. Thanks again to William Norberg for making the custom intro. Check out his art here: blenderfoto Sources: ...
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Komentáře

  • @PuppetMasterdaath144

    terrence howard has entered the chat lol

  • @vipulpatel-il9nb
    @vipulpatel-il9nb Před dnem

    Take a chapter from The Action Lab

  • @ESeth-xb5cu
    @ESeth-xb5cu Před dnem

    Wait until he learns about tetration

  • @dirtdiggity1714
    @dirtdiggity1714 Před 2 dny

    The number of people in the comments who regard this as some kind of gee whiz future miracle tech, instead of something their own gov hasn't let them have for 50 years, is a national embarrassment and damning indictement of public education under the boot of war secrecy.

  • @minkymott
    @minkymott Před 2 dny

    I'm certain we don't know the first thing about black holes, except of course, that they exist. Manking is so arrogant.

  • @Xizario2
    @Xizario2 Před 2 dny

    90% of this video bs and misunderstood physics. It looks like a weekend project by a 12 year old kid.

  • @Ayvengo21
    @Ayvengo21 Před 3 dny

    ADSR reactors usually doesn't get enough attention in videos like this but yet it is theoretically possible to make such reactor that would give about 40 times more energy then we will have to pomp into it to operate. Additionally those reactors could burn nearly all possible nuclear waste and even use it as a fuel.

  • @vandalsavage1
    @vandalsavage1 Před 3 dny

    Trump

  • @mimwarlick1604
    @mimwarlick1604 Před 4 dny

    Yeah…you can. The stars near sag a* do it all the time…

  • @mihaleben6051
    @mihaleben6051 Před 4 dny

    7:21 theres like.. 2 free electrons. Why isnt it unstable?

  • @mihaleben6051
    @mihaleben6051 Před 4 dny

    6:34 oh so if it breaks the octet rule it just becomes its own atom. Cool.

  • @mihaleben6051
    @mihaleben6051 Před 4 dny

    5:00 i once looked at my mouth saliva under a microscope. A lot of purple proteins there. Or maybe they were complexes. None moved.

  • @mihaleben6051
    @mihaleben6051 Před 4 dny

    I think because its reactive. Like HCl works because chlorine REALLY likea doing stuff. A halogen. And so does NaOH because sodium is also reactive. But what about H2SO4 ? Because its really not stable. It wants to become H2S which is also a acid because... yeah sulfur just does that. Actually it just rips stuff apart.

  • @billygauthier9512
    @billygauthier9512 Před 4 dny

    This video is by far the most informative and absorbable of any I've seen so far! I can't say I fully understand it yet but I don't think most will understand it quickly unless you have a good background in physics.

  • @bqgin
    @bqgin Před 4 dny

    1:07 and yet, we're threatened from every media source we are going to die cause cows fart

  • @MATTHIASPAYAN
    @MATTHIASPAYAN Před 4 dny

    NewJeans mention?? 6:31

  • @blacklight5680
    @blacklight5680 Před 5 dny

    Im Not a Science Guy But i have a thought experiment. Can you explain it pease. So imagine a black hole comes near our solar system & And its on course to destroy earth and other planets in a year. So we make a ship to travel near the event horizon to study it. Since time runs ludicrously slow near the event horizion after 6 months 4 years have passed on earth. After studying it we return to earth. So now my question is 4 years have passed and by earths prespective it was destroyed 3 years ago. So on what earth do we arrive. Because in our prespective earth was not destroyed yet.

  • @Knobbler
    @Knobbler Před 5 dny

    Photosynthesis happens in the mitochondrion, which, as we all know, is the nucleus of the cell. All of the genetic code and essential nutrients like water, earth, air, fire and mercury are stored there. A radish is a red type of bird the tastes exactly like a salad. I do put it in my food and when there are 0 radishes nearby, I get really sad. Last time I had 0 radishes, a living skeleton drove to my house in a 2008 Ford Fiesta. He asked me to show him my magnificent radishes, but all I could show him was an empty radish bag in my garage. Radishes are the blood red eyeballs of the gods, they get grown in the ground and are made by oysters in the ocean.

  • @Johnnydidit
    @Johnnydidit Před 5 dny

    Anybody who does not understand what was said in this video needs to go back a few levels and then revisit this video until you understand. This video opened My eyes

  • @what76485
    @what76485 Před 5 dny

    I always wondered can something get so hot that it goes into non visible wave lengths? Making it “invisible” to humans.

  • @tylerfrankel5374
    @tylerfrankel5374 Před 6 dny

    I’m wayyyy to high to understand this but the graphics are cool

  • @AneesMuhammed-mb4qz

    Hi Thank you for the very scientific matters glance for us. Can you send me any scientific paper or research about reducing greenhouse temperature for agriculture purpose?

  • @davidh.6930
    @davidh.6930 Před 6 dny

    Inhibition is part of the process, the mechanism will need this mistake so the overall system can survive the process. You can only fix this if you have the optimized plant live under optimizer and controlled circumstances. To call a featur a flaw because it is inefficient while ignoring beneficial side effects of that flaw doesn't make you a genius.... I think this is called enzymatic inhibitive coresponse can be wrong but essentially any cascading and or potentially overwhelming enzymatic reaction type in cells has an inhibitive factor integrated..... You find these type of inhibitive coresponse everywhere in cell biology. Natur rarely makes mistakes on these small scales

  • @PlanetPancake67
    @PlanetPancake67 Před 6 dny

    0:29 52! jumpscare (very scary!!)

  • @iancormie9916
    @iancormie9916 Před 6 dny

    Compared to power produced windmills and solar, everything is cheap.

  • @mannurse7421
    @mannurse7421 Před 7 dny

    I thought empress tree had c4 photosynthesis

  • @Desperado070
    @Desperado070 Před 7 dny

    Co2 can never be to much in a eco system like the earth. The more Co2 in the air the quicker and bigger the plants will grow which leads to lower Co2 in the air. Even if that plant is a one year grower, its roots alone are already 50% of the plant that will leave the Co2 in the ground. Trees are the best example because they keep all the Co2 as good as forever. Not only that, they only show you the peak and they have no information of from the crusaders time. All of the information they got is useless, they say it is warming but Amsterdam who is bellow sea level has problems with to less water! I wonder how long it has to take until people finally start to use their common sense.

  • @Reiman33
    @Reiman33 Před 7 dny

    100% matter to energy conversion gets you what substance? This has to be answersble or the math is conceptually broken. "No substance" isn't an answer "Waste heat" isn't an answer "Light" is incorrect. If there is no "stuff" of energy then the concept is broken.

  • @lemonke8132
    @lemonke8132 Před 8 dny

    I saw in a comment you said you were applying machine learning to climate science. I was wondering if it's possible to use a protein folding model (like alpha fold) to engineer an enzyme that would capture and store co2?

  • @KipIngram
    @KipIngram Před 8 dny

    Because that's what yields the correct units. Mass times velocity is a MOMENTUM and not an ENERGY. So IF there is a way to calculate energy from mass, it MUST square the c. Otherwise it just wouldn't be energy at all.

  • @0nlow
    @0nlow Před 8 dny

    писядва

  • @DoneDragon1
    @DoneDragon1 Před 9 dny

    I hear C4 leaves are pretty .....explosive

  • @marlondiriche
    @marlondiriche Před 9 dny

    Sounds too good to be true and if it's true what's the catch?

  • @johnpro2847
    @johnpro2847 Před 9 dny

    the extra square still is confusing..perhaps it is not necessary to know exactly how a car moves along the road

  • @egoz8203
    @egoz8203 Před 10 dny

    Thanks a lot

  • @lovesick6637
    @lovesick6637 Před 10 dny

    I more preferred to create the carboxysome into the chloroplast where it serves as a shield from oxygen, therefore carrying out a much efficient way of helping carbon fixation. They multiple gene factors for this phytoengineering & it would also be great if plants could decompose the major pollutant such as carbon monoxide as it energy source also.

  • @gryphonschnitzel7140
    @gryphonschnitzel7140 Před 10 dny

    So we cant tunnel on the macro scale because the probability of all our particles add up, and so every particle would have to be in the unlikely tunnel state at the same time.

  • @robbie_
    @robbie_ Před 11 dny

    Very interested in the speed of collapse. Seems to be like the single grain of sand that causes the entire mountain to collapse. But the influence can't travel across the star faster than the speed of light. So how does it collapse in 1/10th of a second? I suppose I don't really understand these things.

  • @MrYeast1981
    @MrYeast1981 Před 11 dny

    Gravity is the byproduct of T.A.Ps moving between our universe and the antiverse..My G.U.T In the antiverse our Sun is eating consuming dark energy.. A death star 🌟 consuming there to shine life giving light here in our universe . If our universe is expanding, then that means the antiverse is shrinking.. Some how , particles responsible for gravity and time itself are finding harder and harder to get back to and remain in the antiverse..therefore excelarating our universes expansion and the antiverses collapse...a particle of dark energy that upon entering our verse becomes light.. Through and by way of stars and black and white holes these T.A.ps flow between our universe and theirs.. Creatures aware and alive made of dark matter..so scary..

  • @micheal_boiiiiiiiiiii

    52!=10Unvigintillion

  • @itsiwhatitsi
    @itsiwhatitsi Před 11 dny

    There is a point in spacetime where an object has zero velocity in wich the time is the fastest possible?

  • @michaelgilchrist6255
    @michaelgilchrist6255 Před 12 dny

    i love weed can you do more on the other molecules please

  • @markhill9275
    @markhill9275 Před 12 dny

    Because it feels so good when you are in there, you want it to go on forever!

  • @grahamflowers
    @grahamflowers Před 12 dny

    If gravity worked like that how come Saturn still has its rings it would have lost its rings hundreds of years ago

  • @DovesDescent
    @DovesDescent Před 13 dny

    Isn’t this all theoretical?

    • @santifpc3749
      @santifpc3749 Před 7 dny

      not really, general relativity has been proven to be right by many observations that I can provide if you want to.

    • @DovesDescent
      @DovesDescent Před 7 dny

      @@santifpc3749 sure I don’t mind checking some things out, and the general relativity model makes sense because of the distance traveled from a straight plane to that supposed warp that comes from these objects scientists call black holes. Yes the theory makes sense in my mind to some extent, but even the author of the video calls the reason for the “time stop or slow” is theory after theory as he uses that same word, theory

  • @kevinraju1111
    @kevinraju1111 Před 13 dny

    ayo what is that intro 💀

  • @skiptoacceptancemdarlin

    Hubris is when we get destroyed by trying to fix “flaws” inn nature. The secret is there never were any flaws

  • @williamhelle1916
    @williamhelle1916 Před 13 dny

    Dont fucking understandig What you are saying

  • @CSGATI
    @CSGATI Před 14 dny

    CO2 is historically at its lowest we have been lied to.

  • @sharriceowens913
    @sharriceowens913 Před 14 dny

    I'm confused so greenhouses.Cause the greenhouse effect and solar panels Worsens it