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Mary and Phillip did try to marry Elizabeth off to one of Phillip’s Catholic allies, but Elizabeth adamantly refused. Had Mary lived longer or had a child, perhaps Elizabeth would have been persuaded to marry someone, understanding that her chances at having the throne herself was slim.

You are incorrect to say that you can not draw an inference about missing documents. That happens every day in our law courts. See the rule in Jones v Dunkel This rule operates where there is an unexplained failure by a party to give evidence, to call witneses or to tender documents or other evidence. In appropriate circumstances, this may lead to an inference that the uncalled evidence would not have assisted the party. Here Henry VII was responsible for the documents. A widespread failure to have those documents available to support his claim justifies the inference being drawn.

You apply double standard to your analysis. You must be partisan. You are happy to take the documents you like (eg the Mancini correspondence ) but you will not take documents you don't like at face value (eg the Diary). Worse you criticise the team that found the document for taking it at face value when the Tudor lackeys have taken their documents at face value for 500 years.

I am an American fascinated by British history. Don’t have an ounce of British blood in me, that I know of. I’m German, Danish, and French. Never thought much of Anne of Cleves until this video. You have really piqued my interest.

Stop reading messages because you can tell your not focusing. You weren't going to read messages until after the program but you did so I couldn't watch.

I wonder: at what point did we become protective of history? I see the first museums started in the 1700s as private collections. But I see old timey people had no issue tearing down entire sections like it was nothing in the 1600s. Doing that today would be insane. They didn't seem to approach old buildings/old things/history with the same reverence we do today. They dismantled Nonsuch Palace and sold it for scrap, piece by piece, to pay gambling debts. And don't get me started what happened to Catherine Parr and her tomb after her death... that would be absolutely insane (and disgusting) to us now.

This is what I think too that Henry is a narcissist (I used this term on a previous video). First historian Gareth Russell to use that term that I have heard.

I understand Henry was getting nervous that France wasn’t supporting him/them any longer which made her a problem. All charges were BS-he just needed her gone.

If you promise a narcissist maniac fool -- "hey I can give you a son that your wife never will" .... THEN when you don't, he will turn on you. Doesn't justify what Henry did to her, but it was inevitable given the horrible man Henry was. Given the times they lived in, every woman would have made that same promise to Henry, Anne Boleyn was not unique, so I don't blame her. Many that enabled Henry in his inner circle over the years, he ended up executing them as well. True to form.

This was a great conversation, thank you. I also really want a podcast just on Elizabeth 1 fashion -- everything from tidbits on her seamstresses/tailor, ladies in waiting, what happened to her clothes, etc. Just specific to her alone. I am putting it out in the universe.

Well you gave me a better idea of what is was all about ! I think it was one of those lovely Ladybird books with those fab illustrations that introduced me to it . I wonder if during the P of Grace the people were aware of the meeting between the king Edward and peasants back then and exactly how that turned out. You would have they may have been more wary of Henry VIII.

Simple. Henry wanted rid of Anne to marry the next in line and he wasn’t going to take her word that she’d leave quietly, AND she was smart, so execution seemed expedient. Catherine tho was careless….and let’s be honest, she was a child who had been used and abused her whole life….and she got caught out in her infidelity. SHE really hit Henry where he lived tho, his “male pride” so she was NEVER going to get away with what she did poor girl. As to using the swordsman for Anne, Henry was very keen on getting rid of her but with plausible denial as to his responsibility, keeping him as the untouched, regal sovereign who HAD to do this in spite of his own feelings….”see I gave her the honour of a French swordsman, in spite of her plotting and cuckolding of her King” whereas Catherine, he hated plain and simple….she humiliated him FOR REAL, and for that he just wanted her DEAD.

Thanks that was fun gator hunting...🎉

Crazy how many people he had killed , how he destroyed all the monastery’s purely to get himself a male heir, when his daughter proved to be perhaps the greatest monarch this country ever had. Truly if it wasn’t for the infamy of his six wives he would be almost forgotten…… idiot! Glad he had a sore leg!

Thank you!

Have you read Dan Jones's book on the Peasants Revolt?

How do I find out about your book club that you mentioned?

Fabulous interview. Thank you both. G Ire

And you forgot to name Edgar as a succesor to Edward the confessor. First choice, not crowned.

Very annoying that you forget to mention the Frisians. Old english and old frisian being the most equal languages and Frisians being the closest to England.

Totally engrossing interview. G Ire

Roman soldiers weren’t mostly from Rome, they were from all over the Roman Empire and locals were eventually brought in. Locals prior wouldn’t be kitted out with swords, shields and other armor. The average person before or after wouldn’t have formal armor. They’d have axes, staffs, and other practical tools for defense.

No way. Who put them in the tower and why? They were a threat to uncle Richards ambitious hunger for power through the English throne. There's only one way to remove the threat; get rid of the threat. As much as I'd love to adopt this version, I don't. They were murdered.

Because God plays favorites and he really LIKED Anne of Cleves. That’s my story, and I’m sticking to it.

Absolutely fascinating! I never thought that Anne did anything of which she was accused, but I had wondered if Henry believed any of it. I usually sided on "probably not", but now I'm convinced. This really puts things into perspective! And I've never heard of the murder plot part of Anne's downfall! Young and Damned and Fair had been on my to-be-read list for a while. I believe it's just moved to the top! Thank you for doing this video!

This was so so interesting thank you as always Philippa:)

Just read about the Valor Eccleasiasticus and the dissolution of the monasteries in History Today. I was fascinating that such a huge set of documents has been largely ignored for the past 500 years...I'm a huge fan of the Hilary Mantel books, but having read Diarmid MacCulloch, I know that those books gloss over the vast majority of his life and his work, especially as related to the church and his manifold reasons for closing the monasteries. I am interested in this as a writer because yes, I'm tired of seeing those stories play out in fiction. I think what attracted me to the Mantel books was this more human view. No longer quite the Great Man view of history but including lots of side characters and people who felt real as characters in a novel. I want to read about Thomas Cromwell's cook and his barge man and maybe the lives of the people he interacted with before he was in that more rarified company. I find original source documents to be so beautiful and inspiring. Thank you for taking the time to make this introduction. It's very useful.

Yes, in the U.S not every state observes Daylight Savings. The worst was when in Arizona. The Navajo Nation does. So when visiting the monuments you are one time.zone, exit and you are in another. Even worse the cell service barely exists so our phones weren't updating. There is a sign with a digital clock on it, but because of the sun couldn't always read it from the car. While trip was amazing, for a few hours we really had no idea what time it was, just a general idea.

Thanks for a great interview! This is the first time I’ve heard about this book, and now, of course, I’m dying to read it. But these mentions of Elizabeth’s loyalty to her friends make me want to know more about the friends themselves-especially her Boleyn cousins and the Sidney family. We do know that she was hard on the surviving Grey girls, that she and Lettice Knollys fell out big-time, and that she ultimately ordered the execution of Lettice’s son, Essex, so it’s clear that Elizabeth was only willing to put up with so much from her family. But were there others, including childhood friends, that stuck with her for life? (I’m not necessarily counting Kat Ashley, because we know a fair amount-though maybe not enough?-about her.) Anyway, thanks again for an entertaining discussion. 😊

Oh the description of the proxy nuptials is SO fun to hear. Lol. As always, I end up feeling sorry for the woman involved. How could young Catherine know everything that she was stepping into.

hi

I am confused. Could a dna test say Wales and Ireland, but not England or scotland.

I have to wonder if Henry growing out his beard to "match" Francis was act of friendship? Or was it an "Anything You Can Do I Can Do Better" situation. I've always imagined that the entire Field of Cloth of Gold was EXACTLY like that song 😂

I just started watching the video but I had to pause because Eleri Lynn reminds me so much of the actress Holli Dempsey!

I am neither hating or loving, but it is interesting.

Uh did you now may 19. 1536?

Lesley was awesome. Educational and fun. Thank you Lesley for a life of study.

The hand of Cromwell seems to be missing from the aftermath of Anne's execution when they had to stuff her corpse into an arrow chest because no provision had been made for a casket. Does this possibly suggest that the great planner was not responsible for the swordsman? Hmmmm.

Henry the 8th, according to the interviewee. Henry was the common denominator in both executions…

I really appreciate the last point you both made, that Dr. Estelle touched on earlier, about making a reasoned point with supporting evidence for the sake of intellectual debate and discussion, while keeping an open mind to the idea that there is evidence that has yet to be discovered and some that has been lost entirely. That is an extremely healthy and intelligent way to approach almost anything that life and the world can present to us. We don't know everything about everything and new information surprises us constantly. Critical thinking requires the ability to change our minds. Excellent point. I enjoyed this whole conversation! So nuanced and meaty! ❤

Sad that the shenanigans of a few caused such harm to so many people!!

Thank you but please don't talk over each other.

This is was Interesting & I Love how she delivers this History. Thank You!

I pre-ordered your book today on my Kindle! I can't wait until November!

What an incredible woman. I appreciate this presentation because I had no realization her life was that involved. Thank you and a huge thanks to Leanda for her long studies.

Such fascinating information. I didn’t know much about this period of Elizabeth’s life. Thank you. (Also, yes: you try it…)

I think she was at the older end of her possible age. Henry was eager to get rid of her because the situation was getting similar to the situation with Katharine of Aragon. Anne was getting into her late 30’s, was less fertile and may not have another child. Besides she had miscarried a boy. He may have believed that she killed his son.

Really! It actually causes blisters on a cows udders. Oh wow, poor cows!😮😢

No way to identify? Well, if they are the sons of Edward IV and Richard III really is the full brother of Edward IV then they have the paternal Y chromosome DNA to match against. They got Richard III’s full DNA when they rediscovered his burial. Y chromosome DNA passes down unchanged through the male line. Depends on if there is any usable DNA samples. Might be some contamination issues and/or may not be able to get a viable sample - depends on the state of the remains.