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Art History Girl
United Kingdom
Registrace 12. 11. 2011
Art History through the ages - I was to specialise in diversity and world history of art. Please subscribe to me and let me know if you want to see anything specifically ☺️
Michelangelo's Moses | Tomb of Julius II - Art History Girl
Michelangelo’s Moses is a sculpture by the High Renaissance artist Michelangelo and it was made somewhere between 1513 and 1515. It was commissioned by Pope Julius II as a tomb for when he died but the design was never completed and the sculpture ended up in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome.
Who was Moses? Moses is considered the most important prophet in Judaism and a very important prophet in Christianity and Islam. Well, Michelangelo has shown Moses as a very intimidating character. Not only does he have enormous arms and wear a very angry expression, he’s also an absolute giant and he’s nearly eight feet when sitting down! Under his right arm he’s carrying the tablets of the law, those are the stones inscribed with the Ten Commandments that he has just received from God on Mt. Sinai.
In this story from the Old Testament, Moses has just released the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and leaves them to go to the top of Mt. Sinai. He stayed there for 40 days and nights until he was given the 10 commandments by god. When he returned, he found that the Israelites had built a golden calf to worship and make sacrifices to it - it’s thought that this behaviour is basically copying the Egyptians who liked to worship pagan or false idols. One of the ten commandments Moses received is “Thou shalt not make any graven images,” so when Moses saw the Israelites worshipping this idol and betraying the one and only God who has just delivered them from slavery, he got really angry, threw down the tablets and broke them.
What we can see in Michelangelo’s sculpture is the figure’s pent-up energy. His pose is actually quite similar to Michelangelo’s David, in that he’s been caught in a moment of anger but it’s the moment before he actually acts. Like David, he’s turning from the waist while his eyes are fixed on the Israelites, or in David’s case Goliath. But Moses isn’t just sitting down. His left leg is pulled back to the side of his chair as though he is about to stand up and his hips are also facing left. Michelangelo has counter-balanced this position by pulling his torso in the opposite direction which has brought Moses to life but also created a tension in his pose. We can see this counterbalance again further up on the sculpture - his head is turning to the left and he’s pulling his beard to the right.
The tradition for depicting Moses with horns stems from a passage in the Latin Vulgate bible which describes Moses’ face as “cornuta” or horned. St Jerome had translated the bible from Hebrew into Latin in the 4th century and in his attempt to faithfully represent the text, it’s possible that he mistranslated it. The original Hebrew text, uses the term qāran, which is based on the root, qeren meaning “horn"; it’s now translated in a more illustrative way - the term is now thought to mean "shining" or "emitting rays", a bit like horns of light.
Although some historians think that Jerome made an outright error, Jerome himself appears to have known qeren as a metaphor for "glorified" based on other commentaries he wrote, including one on Ezekiel, where he wrote that Moses' face had "become 'glorified', not horned. In general, medieval theologians and scholars understood that Jerome had intended to convey Moses' face being glorified, by his use of the Latin word for "horned” and this can be proved by the fact that for the next 150 years, there were very few depictions of a horned Moses in art.
After that, it seems as though some artists understood and some didn’t - an increase in Moses depicted with horns can be seen in the stained glass windows at Chartres Cathedral, the Sainte-Chapelle, and Notre Dame Cathedral. But by the 16th century when Michelangelo was making this sculpture, a horned Moses had once again become almost extinct, although there was still an acknowledged tradition that he had been shown with horns.
Sources
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses
www.britannica.com/biography/Moses-Hebrew-prophet
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Pope_Julius_II
www.wga.hu/html_m/m/michelan/1sculptu/giulio_2/index.html
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/334655
www.michelangelo.net/tomb-of-pope-julius-ii/
Who was Moses? Moses is considered the most important prophet in Judaism and a very important prophet in Christianity and Islam. Well, Michelangelo has shown Moses as a very intimidating character. Not only does he have enormous arms and wear a very angry expression, he’s also an absolute giant and he’s nearly eight feet when sitting down! Under his right arm he’s carrying the tablets of the law, those are the stones inscribed with the Ten Commandments that he has just received from God on Mt. Sinai.
In this story from the Old Testament, Moses has just released the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and leaves them to go to the top of Mt. Sinai. He stayed there for 40 days and nights until he was given the 10 commandments by god. When he returned, he found that the Israelites had built a golden calf to worship and make sacrifices to it - it’s thought that this behaviour is basically copying the Egyptians who liked to worship pagan or false idols. One of the ten commandments Moses received is “Thou shalt not make any graven images,” so when Moses saw the Israelites worshipping this idol and betraying the one and only God who has just delivered them from slavery, he got really angry, threw down the tablets and broke them.
What we can see in Michelangelo’s sculpture is the figure’s pent-up energy. His pose is actually quite similar to Michelangelo’s David, in that he’s been caught in a moment of anger but it’s the moment before he actually acts. Like David, he’s turning from the waist while his eyes are fixed on the Israelites, or in David’s case Goliath. But Moses isn’t just sitting down. His left leg is pulled back to the side of his chair as though he is about to stand up and his hips are also facing left. Michelangelo has counter-balanced this position by pulling his torso in the opposite direction which has brought Moses to life but also created a tension in his pose. We can see this counterbalance again further up on the sculpture - his head is turning to the left and he’s pulling his beard to the right.
The tradition for depicting Moses with horns stems from a passage in the Latin Vulgate bible which describes Moses’ face as “cornuta” or horned. St Jerome had translated the bible from Hebrew into Latin in the 4th century and in his attempt to faithfully represent the text, it’s possible that he mistranslated it. The original Hebrew text, uses the term qāran, which is based on the root, qeren meaning “horn"; it’s now translated in a more illustrative way - the term is now thought to mean "shining" or "emitting rays", a bit like horns of light.
Although some historians think that Jerome made an outright error, Jerome himself appears to have known qeren as a metaphor for "glorified" based on other commentaries he wrote, including one on Ezekiel, where he wrote that Moses' face had "become 'glorified', not horned. In general, medieval theologians and scholars understood that Jerome had intended to convey Moses' face being glorified, by his use of the Latin word for "horned” and this can be proved by the fact that for the next 150 years, there were very few depictions of a horned Moses in art.
After that, it seems as though some artists understood and some didn’t - an increase in Moses depicted with horns can be seen in the stained glass windows at Chartres Cathedral, the Sainte-Chapelle, and Notre Dame Cathedral. But by the 16th century when Michelangelo was making this sculpture, a horned Moses had once again become almost extinct, although there was still an acknowledged tradition that he had been shown with horns.
Sources
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses
www.britannica.com/biography/Moses-Hebrew-prophet
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Pope_Julius_II
www.wga.hu/html_m/m/michelan/1sculptu/giulio_2/index.html
www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/334655
www.michelangelo.net/tomb-of-pope-julius-ii/
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Great video! Thanks
I proudly wear a tee shirt of her art
This is an amazing piece of hidden history
Hey thats great 😊
I was reading a book about Richard II, the painting was brought up, needed help understanding why. Now, I know. Thank you!
Have Muslims stole these artifacts yet? is there any history left in England?
Interesting and nicely done!
where did he see the Italian paintings? there were no museums
This is the first I have heard about another pieta by Michelangelo. Thank you!
Entry and exit of St. Matthew. Glad I have only one "t" in my name. Now back to my money!! 😄 I liked your clear explanation.
She may look diminutive - but look where her shoes are! I mean just how long are her legs? Eh?
The Pieta depicts the slain Adonis and Venus. Adonis is a Sun God who is annually slain by a black boar aka Mars. The five wounds are found in Revelation 9.5, as the five months that can harm man. The leader is Scorpio (ruled by Mars) the remaining four months are Sagittarius thru Pisces. Iron (like in bed, sword or nail) is a symbol of Mars the red one.
Interesting 👍🏼
The Pieta depicts the slain Adonis and Venus. Adonis is a Sun God who is annually slain by a black boar aka Mars. The five wounds are found in Revelation 9.5, as the five months that can harm man. The leader is Scorpio (ruled by Mars) the remaining four months are Sagittarius thru Pisces. Actually Adonis does not die during this period, for he is "only sleeping."
24:03 Thank you so much for this insightful review. It was most informative and beautifully delivered. I had not heard of Henry Rayburn until today. I looked him up after reading an article in ‘The Guardian Weekly’ by Laura Cumming which gave suggestions about which artists to investigate in January 2024. You did a great job of keeping my attention with all the useful information you managed to pack in to your video clip. You should be rightly proud of yourself. Thanks again, Marion B. (I would give it to Henry!)
Your videos are terrific!
You single?
Dave (the man who lived in the house before) is my great uncle. My dad is the nephew mentioned finding Dave hypothermic. Dave passed away in 2018. I myself made a short documentary of how this home looked before it was renovated. It’s gorgeous and couldn’t have been brought to life by anyone else ❤
The skull is only accurate from a particular point on the right hand side, not from below-left.
you are great
The Chessmen in the Harry Potter movie were Irving Finkel's keeper of cuneiform tablets at British museum. I liked your closeup pictures of the set.
Christ told Thomas to place his hand in his wound, it wasn't Thomas' idea as you stated.
9:15 Very Impressive stone works... and a hint why Pieta is triangular in shape, they are carved out of solid stone, and the shape gives it stability and strength. So cloth - like, seemingly effortless, it is easy to forget just how hard the marble stone is, making Michelangelo's work even more impressive. Knowing his work is dedicated to God was a powerful motivator, he wouldn't want to do a bad job on art made for Christ !
I think EMEMEM was the first one to do mosaics for potholes.
Great interview thank you. So interesting 💗
These are not "viking" sculptures. Viking age ended in 1066 and "viking" is a name for profession - a pirate, robber - not nationality. They were not made by "vikings", you yourself say that they might even have been made by a christian.
6:50 And With 15 Blows He Broke Mary's Arm At The Elbow And Knocked Off The Chunk Of Her Nose And He Also Chipped One Of Her Eyelids
6:29 - On The 21st Of May In 1972 A Mentally Disturbed Hungarian Born Australian Called Laszlo Toth Walked Into The Chapel And Attacked The Sculpture With A Geologist's Hammer
Great job, thanks
Art History Girl That Was Beautiful Of Your Video About Michelangelo's Pieta
Great documentary and very nice positive narrator
You did a great job covering that and not shying away from topics that others might.
I always thought of the pawns as gravestones.
Just stumbled over this! Great video!
❤
Subbed. Enjoyed this. Thank you for this beautifully crafted
Perfect ! I’m just in the process of buying a Lewis chess set ! Thank you ! 👍
Incredible story!
I always rhougjt that someone buried the stolen mask in a hurry to escape, fully well intending to return.
The confusion about his age at date of manumission is cleared up in the bio at www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1425.html. Joshua Johnson was born circa 1763, so he was approximately 19 when freed. This means Joshua Johnson was about one year old when he was purchased by his father, George Johnson.
Very interesting and well done. I knew about the Sutton Hoo Helmet from Time Team. You are the first person I've seen reveal that the helmet was found in little pieces and took 2 years to put together, and so on.
Just watched the movie, very good in my opinion, thank you for expanding this for me, maybe you could make a video “how accurate is the lost king” :)
how much did he get for the figurine?
Very well done video and thorough :) I hope you do more ❤
Nice information
Fantastic analysis! have learned so much from this video👏 BUT looking closely Im sure I see the draft contour of a pheasant in her hand, not a baby
Thank you for featuring Bruegel. He was the main inspiration that started my art career about 15 years ago. To this day I continue to look to him for inspiration. The way that painters 300 years before photography invented most of the elements in their paintings is so unique. Many painters who copy photographs today do not get to practice invention the way that Bruegel did.
Very impressive
Thank you so much for such a clear and complete insight on Bruegel. I have now suscribed and expect more interesting viedos from your channel.
Lots of love, and thank u for the great video!
Very interesting video! Well done