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Medium-freqency polyphasic alternating current Interrupted sinusoidal burst modulated AC محمود معوض جمال السيد

Medium frequency polyphasic alternating sinusoidal interrupted current (BMAC)

BMAC bust modulated AC medium frequency polyphasic sinusoidal interrupted AC الاء محمد عبد الواحد

medium frequency interupted poly phasic burst modulated alternating current ساره عصام

Medium-frequency polyphasic alternating sinusoidal interrupted current Burst modulated AC محمود أحمد محمد محمد

High , motor level stimulation, increase intensity untill mixed sensation of tingling and strong Muscle contraction without pain رنا صبحي أحمد عجور

High ,Motor level stimulation نهال محمد الخولى

منة صالح عبدالحميد Intensity is high and it increases to produce sensation of tingling with a strong but comfortable muscle contraction, without pain

High Stimulate motor nerves

ياسمين ابراهيم ابوعلوان منصور High for doing motor activation (muscle contraction)

To increase endurance, prolonged stimulation with lower force contractions should be used. High repetition and short off times (a total of 30 to 60 minutes of stimulated contraction per day in treatment intervention sessions five to seven times per week for 2 to 10 weeks • Higher frequency will train the muscle for endurance : 60 to 80 pps • Amplitude: Maximally tolerated contractions are not necessary أحمد عبدالله حسين

To increase indurance use prolonged stimulation of low force contraction,high repetition and short off time with high frequency and max amplitude is not necessary

Prolonged stimulation with lower force High repetition and short off time مصطفى سعيد

prolonged stimulation with lower force contractions should be used with high repetition and high frequency and short off time ابراهيم احمد الفقي

To increase endurance , prolonged stimulation with lower force contractions should be used نهال محمد الخولى

Enough to meet the demand of specific functional task

enough to acheive theraputic effect زياد هاني مرسي طرابيه

Enough to reach to the needed function ايمان هانئ ضوه

Enough to meet the demand of specific functional task

Enough to achieve therapeutic effect شيماء علي ممدوح

nerve enter muscla at this point most conductive area with least resistance سعيد مجدي السعيد

Enter of nerVe to the muscle Area With best motor response

nerve enter the muscle at these point less resistance to current ساره عصام فاروق

Less resistance to the current .best motor response .less current amplitude

Higher conductivity than other points , least resistance, best motor response with less current amplitude رنا صبحي أحمد عجور

increase current density lead to thermal and elcetro chemical سعيد مجدي السعيد

due to the thermal and chemical effects of the current And because of increasing in current density within the electrode area أية صلاح ابراهيم

Increasing in current density

increase current denisty ساره عصام فاروق

due to the Thermal or electrochemical effects And because of increase in current density within the electrode area زياد باسم كشك

Reducing fatigue Neutralize chemical effects Decreasing residual charge

Less electrical stimulation fatigue مصطفى رزق محمد مسلم

tissue has time to neutralize chemical effect between pulses ساره عصام فاروق

For less fatigue , less charge residual in tissue , to neutralize chemical effect between phases or pulses رنا صبحي أحمد عجور

defines the time period between the end of one phase and the second phase مها عبد السميع عبد الرشيد

on time and off time ساره عصام فاروق

On time and off time

Unit represents the on and off time عمر احمد محمد بدوي

Electrical stimulation unit represent on and off time

On and off time محمد إيهاب عامر

سماح عبدالله محمد السيد Direct current Faradic current Dynamic current HVPS MES TENS

FC faradic current DC direct current DD diadynamic current TENS Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation MES micro current electrical stimulation HVPS محمود معوض جمال السيد

DC,FC,DD,HVPS,TENS,MES نهال محمد الخولى

direct - fradic - didynamic - tens - microcurrent سعيد مجدي السعيد

Direct current Faradic current High voltage pulsed stimulation TENS Diadynamic current

Anode(positive)

Anode محمود معوض جمال السيد Due to acidic reaction

منة صالح عبدالحميد محمد Anode (positive pole)

Anode

Positive electrode ( anode )

1-Patient take anti coagulant 2-in recent grafted Of skin 3- over in sensate parts 4- near major vessels ساره عصام فاروق

Over insensate Recent bypass Exposed bone Facial wounds Near cavity lining

Patients taking anticoagulants Near Majour vessels Exposed bone Facial wounds Near cavities Over insensitive areas

ياسمين ابراهيم Near to mailjor vessel Patient take anticoagulant Exposed bone Wound in face

1- near major vessels 2- wounds with tunnels 3- facial wounds 4- over intense area 5- near cavity 6- exposed bone, tendons or vessels 7- patients taking anticoagulant 8- recent bypass ندي ابراهيم حتاته

Vasodilatory and relaxing effect ناردين عماد

To decrease pain and restore mobility. To help soften scar tissue, reduce pain, and promote restoration of motion following burn or surgical skin wounds healing.

Reduce pain , restore mobility , soften tissue scar

Decrease pain Restore range of motion Soften scars Promote healing

Relaxing effect

Increase spead Increase liver arm

By velocity of movement and length of lever arm (front surface area)

1 by increase speed of motion 2 by increase length of lever arm

Increase lever arm & speed of motion

increase the speed increase lenght of lever arm زياد هاني مرسي طرابيه

low grade muscle spasm

For reducing low grade muscle spasm and muscle injuries to decrease pain and tightness increase range of motion

Low grade of musle spasm ساره عصام فاروق

For reducing low.grade muscle spasm and muscle injuries

reducing low-grade muscle spasm muscle injuries (strains and contusions) result in some degree of muscle spasm or tightness exercise-induced muscle soreness. هند السيد مرسى عنانى

Using alternative courses of hot and cold treatment

Using alternative courses of hot and cold treatment احمد سعيد سيد

Using cryotherapy with heat

Using alternative courses of cold and hot treatment فاطمة صلاح محرم

Using alternative course of hot and cold treatment يوسف عبدالفتاح محمد الهلاوي

Antifreeze , prevents water forming a solid Allow the pack remain pliable

محمود معوض جمال To prevent the water from being ice and to remain the pack pliable

To prevent water from being solid منة صالح عبدالحميد

To prevent water from freezing

To keep water liquid and keep the pack pliable

Brief cooling cause increase muscle strength Prolonged cooling decrease muscle strength مريم سامي عبدالله

Decreased. محمود حسن شحاته

Brief cooling increase muscle strength Prolonged cooling..... Reduce muscle strength then increase it

Decreased

Brief increase in muscle strength Prolonged decrease in muscle strength

Initial response to cooling

initial response to cooling طارق إيهاب

Primary(initial) response to cooling

Initial response to cooling احمد سعيد سيد

Initial response to cooling محمد خالد حمدي

شيماء محمود

Splints and metal implants and plastic joint replacement and bandages and artificial tendons محمود معوض جمال

Splint ,bandage and tape

Splints,metal,artificial tendon

Splint , bandage , tape , metal implants , plastic joint replacements , artificial tendon رنا صبحي

Mental and plastic joint replacement tape and bandage

Toweling method

Brushing method Toweling method

Painting and toweling احمد السيد

Direct pouring method Towling method Brushing and painting method

banding and toweling method or brushing سعيد مجدي الاكحل

1. Controlling pain and spasm 2. Improving muscle flexibility and function

Pain and spasm control , Musle flexibility, improve movement رنا صبحي

For reducing Pain and muscle spasm Improve ROM

Controlling pain and spasm Improving flexibility of the muscle كيرلس عماد عصمت يسي

Improve muscle function and flexibility Control pain and spasm

To prevent heat loss

Insulator to prevent heat loss Protect patient from burns Provide the skin with temperature of 45c دينا شريف عزازى

Protect the skin from burning Keep the temperature 45c as maximum

شيرين عصام بركات To insulate hot packs from heat loss Protect patient from burn

Insulate heat, adjust temperature and avoid burning