What is DNA and How Does it Work?

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  • čas přidán 26. 06. 2024
  • Support Stated Clearly on Patreon: / statedclearly
    Issues of genetics and DNA are constantly cropping up in the news from food production and health, to legal cases and ethics. We hear about DNA in movies like Jurassic Park and X-men, we learn bits and pieces about it from TV shows like Dexter and and CSI, but what exactly is DNA, and how does it work?
    This animated short film has been made for those wanting a simple introduction (or even a refresher) on how DNA creates a living creature. In this video you will learn a bit about genetic code, DNA transcription and translation, and the importance of proteins in the chemistry of life.
    Video was written, presented, and animated by Jon Perry
    Music by Anthony Danzl (check out his website at www.proofavenue.com )
    Research and instructional design by Varinia Acosta
    You can learn more about DNA and Stated Clearly on our website at www.StatedClearly.com
    Portuguese captions by Marcos André

Komentáře • 3,5K

  • @MShepherd88
    @MShepherd88 Před 7 lety +455

    I've taught high school biology for 6 years and have watched probably nearly a thousand science videos trying to find the best ones to use, and this video is my favorite science video on the internet because it tackles such a difficult concept in a clear and nicely illustrated way. Thank you for this series.

  • @loisitmeurlkin4344
    @loisitmeurlkin4344 Před 5 lety +256

    I watched this video. I enjoyed this video. I enjoyed his voice. I'm 51 years old and now I want to go to school and get a degree and learn all about DNA and biology. Damn it!

    • @ChallengeDLife
      @ChallengeDLife Před 5 lety +19

      Just go and do it. 👍

    • @mollyna1
      @mollyna1 Před 3 lety +4

      start a family bruh

    • @isabelgelera6591
      @isabelgelera6591 Před 3 lety +11

      you can achieve it bruhhhh🥺💓💓

    • @jotarokujo806
      @jotarokujo806 Před 3 lety +13

      @@mollyna1 buzz off. reproduction isn't the be all and end all of life.

    • @evelyneloiterstein7085
      @evelyneloiterstein7085 Před 3 lety +12

      You are 53 years old now. Have you gone back to school or taken courses? It's never too late. Learning is for life.

  • @jihfwva
    @jihfwva Před 3 lety +530

    I searched up Kendrick Lamar dna and I got this

  • @jack8356
    @jack8356 Před 5 lety +220

    the fact that people are able to find this out is really extraordinary

  • @paulsaxo8754
    @paulsaxo8754 Před 4 měsíci +5

    As a physician and educator I have to say, well done guys. Your videos explain the fundamentals of science and biology in simple, clear, unambiguous but very cleverly accurate terms. Great work.

  • @mysterycrafterscrib9996
    @mysterycrafterscrib9996 Před 4 lety +56

    i have never been taught something so clearly in my entire life. when my teacher explained this to me in class, i didnt even understand a thing she was saying, but from this video, i feel like a whole new ensmarted person

  • @rippel1111
    @rippel1111 Před 4 lety +771

    Who was sent here by their science teacher during rona season?

  • @setlists_and_dogpics
    @setlists_and_dogpics Před 5 lety +76

    This is by far the best explanation of DNA/transcription/translation that I've seen! I work in a genomics lab and am always looking for good, simple explanations of this process. Thanks for this!

  • @kateusher1321
    @kateusher1321 Před 7 lety +878

    When the dog came on the screen I was like 'awww!'. Then the dinosaur ate it and I died a little inside.

  • @pikapika3487
    @pikapika3487 Před 3 lety +140

    I dunno how to thank this man. Wish he was my teacher

  • @Souljakai
    @Souljakai Před 4 lety +1685

    who's here from online classes

  • @photocop1959
    @photocop1959 Před 4 lety +11

    This channel deserves way more recognition man. You just made me understand what I didn't understood for 3+ years in my life.

  • @HyenaHouseENT
    @HyenaHouseENT Před 9 lety +379

    Best Video on DNA I have sen on Utube... Its so thorough yet kept it simple & clear!

  • @4.0.4
    @4.0.4 Před 7 lety +338

    Instant subscribe. I had never seen such a concise explanation of DNA! I just have to watch all your videos now.

    • @allisonspisak2277
      @allisonspisak2277 Před 5 lety +1

      I love it

    • @14oznalgenewaterbottle
      @14oznalgenewaterbottle Před 4 lety

      Ikr thanks Jon Perry

    • @AllosaurusJP3
      @AllosaurusJP3 Před 4 lety

      @Msg of Yitzhak Kaduri omg i watched the video and its sooooo dumb
      thank you for showing me why i believe in science and observable facts and not crazy people without doing any research trying to talk crazy shit and spreading it like some kind of virus
      so thank you good sir!
      have a great day

    • @AllosaurusJP3
      @AllosaurusJP3 Před 4 lety

      @Msg of Yitzhak Kaduri my friend
      thank you for being not too agressive like others so we can have a normal conversation! indeed the video states that science can't awnser the question of were did it all come from! and i'm not claiming that! and there is asmuch chance that it actually started with an all powerfull creator than it was some unknown natural fenominal! i'm not saying there is no god but i am saying that there is loads of evidence of evolution! the bible says that earth is very young and all life was created within a week. so that means life started with all the extinct creatures and the modern day animals coexisting together but woudnt a population like the one lets say for example in africa containing elephants that has these mammals with dinosaurs sharing an ecosystem go wrong? i mean in the area were fossils found of huge carnivores, woudnt they dominate the area after a short amount of time? the elephants would get outcompeted by way larger and faster moving herbivores and get preyed on by carnivores so large nothing alive on land today can't even be compaired to it! and thats just one example of earths ecosystems unable to be stable with extinct creatures in it!
      also there is a lot of evidence for evolution! animals litteraly evolving into new species as we watch! have you ever heard of the italian wall lizards? i own these myself and breed them but in my terrarium and in italy they are insectivores but 30 years ago they did an experiment by placing these awesome animals on a little island and today these animals are almost completly vegetarian! my lizards of the same species never eat plants and they and their mainland counterparts can't even digest this food while the island lizards can! this kinda evidence(and many more) give me the impression that species change over time and that if god exists he maybe created the basal form of life and gave it the ability to adapt? i mean that could be the most complex intelligent design imaginable!
      thanks for the intressting conversation! have a good day!

    • @hmmm4989
      @hmmm4989 Před 3 lety

      Msg of Yitzhak Kaduri stop self promoting

  • @KP_Oz
    @KP_Oz Před 3 lety +22

    This is worth saving for future reference! There's no other video on CZcams that describes everything from amino acids to cell construction with a simple with easy to follow animation. Well done 👍

    • @Potencyfunction
      @Potencyfunction Před rokem

      well is wasting to musch time and resources that is the problem with this DNA.

  • @ashb001
    @ashb001 Před 3 lety +9

    I'm not sure if anyone could explain this better. Absolutely fantastic job. I am not a student and just a layperson, and yet this presentation clicked in my head right away. The awesome and fun graphics added to the experience. Thank you.

  • @albertojimenezharo287
    @albertojimenezharo287 Před 9 lety +6

    I really have to thank u and your team for making all the stated clearly videos. You didn't only explained to me in a perfect clear way things that i wasn't able to understand as good when i was at school (im from spain, and in my experience they only teach people here by reading directly from the book, and i went to 3 different schools), but you made me want to know more and more about science since i saw your videos one year ago. I just wanted to really thank the creator and his team, and to encourage them to continue making these videos which are so amazingly clear that i hope that some day they can be taught in most schools.

  • @abbylea
    @abbylea Před 4 lety +29

    0:44
    Poor Dog🥺🥺
    Btw This Help Me Learn About DNA A lot

  • @teoharrington5939
    @teoharrington5939 Před 4 lety +30

    this video has taught me more than my entire online learning so far

    • @eui6037
      @eui6037 Před 3 lety +1

      Well said, I have the same feeling.

  • @alphared8028
    @alphared8028 Před 4 lety +4

    You’re helping me relearn everything from high school in a much better way. Education system needs an overhaul.

  • @devangchavda26
    @devangchavda26 Před 6 lety +14

    Dear John,
    I was trying to understand this for many years......with your video I could understand. I feel like I understand everything about DNA. Thank you for making it simple for people like me.

  • @MichaelHarrisIreland
    @MichaelHarrisIreland Před 10 lety +14

    This was the clearest explanation I've seen yet, and the bit extra confirmation at the end was nice.

  • @scorchthesandwing7540
    @scorchthesandwing7540 Před 5 lety +106

    Amino acids -> proteins -> cells-> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organisms

  • @dumpmuch
    @dumpmuch Před 3 lety +197

    Teachers with this URL:
    *It's free real estate*

    • @lime4856
      @lime4856 Před 3 lety +19

      Bruh i rlly thought this comment was from 27 years ago i feel lied to...

    • @Grace-ox7wj
      @Grace-ox7wj Před 3 lety +2

      @@lime4856 so did I lol

    • @TLK9419
      @TLK9419 Před 3 lety

      @@lime4856 bruh

    • @purplegypsylady777
      @purplegypsylady777 Před 3 lety +1

      What the hell is in that picture!!?

    • @dumpmuch
      @dumpmuch Před 3 lety

      @@purplegypsylady777 its an upperbody but youtube uploaded it upside down somehow

  • @tictock700
    @tictock700 Před 10 lety +16

    This makes so much sense!! Thank you so much for making this video! It's very helpful.

  • @helkra4988
    @helkra4988 Před 2 lety +3

    I teach English at a German high school. Our new topic is "Science and technology: biotechnology, genetic engineering". This video is so perfect even for those of my students who haven't yet dealt with genetics in biology classes. Thanks a lot!

  • @kristinenordstrand3379
    @kristinenordstrand3379 Před 4 lety +4

    Thank you so much! I didn't understad DNA at first when I read my textbook, so I searched online and found your video. Now I understand so much more.

  • @sany9867
    @sany9867 Před 2 lety +1

    Thank you so much for this! I am having a test coming up pretty soon and this was too much help. Keep making videos like that. I learned more than I ever thought I could learn from just a video. Usually, they talk fast in videos and it is very complicated, but this was easy to understand. TY:)

  • @TilekMamutov
    @TilekMamutov Před 6 lety +4

    I watched a lot of videos on this topic and I think this one is the clearest. Thank you for explaining and igniting further curiosity!

  • @MooMooMath
    @MooMooMath Před 7 lety +103

    Great video ,very helpful with my students. I share this video often.

  • @danielislam9144
    @danielislam9144 Před 2 lety +2

    I have never seen such a complex and amazing topic explained in such as simple yet effective way. I tip my hat off to you. 🎩

  • @Kidd23Kidds
    @Kidd23Kidds Před 5 lety +2

    Nice job explaining for someone like myself who has no previous understanding but is looking to further my knowledge on the subject. I gathered a lot here. Enough to even “sound” like I might know what I’m talking about lol. Thanks!

  • @FabianoGama
    @FabianoGama Před 4 lety +11

    This proccess is so amazing that learning about it brought tears to my eyes. Thats why I believe that people should giv a chance to the possibility of getting pleasure from the process of learning just by the sake of learning. Not because you have to pass onan exam or anything like that, but because learning itself is the final goal. Like playing videogame or watching a movie. We evntually get some bennefits by doing those things, but we don't think of those benefits when we are doing them, we do because it's fun. Learning can be like that too.

    • @matzacomn
      @matzacomn Před 4 lety +1

      If people won't have worries or if they won't have to learn because they'd have to, then yes, more people might be interested in this.

    • @ronnieranbirsingh4634
      @ronnieranbirsingh4634 Před 3 lety

      @Aarya Bharadwaj lmao ur lucky ur in high school now

    • @yangzom2750
      @yangzom2750 Před 3 lety

      Yeah, well said! 🤗

  • @freebk161
    @freebk161 Před rokem +10

    Simple language, easy to understand images and animation along with your clear voice makes the DNA of this video perfect which can be replicated all over the world !!! I'm in the process of writing a novel, you have given me everything that I need without making this highly complex subject convoluted for me. Thanks a bunch !!!

  • @SpanishlandSchool
    @SpanishlandSchool Před 2 lety

    Wow. This is so amazing. I finally understand How this works.

  • @user-or4gq3vf8g
    @user-or4gq3vf8g Před rokem +2

    Fantastic job explaining such a complicated process. Exactly what I have been looking for to help my 7th grade students begin to understand.

  • @kapilesh14
    @kapilesh14 Před 10 lety +7

    Awesome video. You are too awesome to make dna interesting. Though you have only 4 videos, I am subscribing.

  • @antler4060
    @antler4060 Před 3 lety +4

    This changed my life. After lovingly slapping my best friend with a tennis racket 152 times I was sent to jail for life. The cops came to me with a package one day though...
    "CZcams", it read. It turned out I needed a computer. I slapped all the cops with my large thighs, and got a PC from this guy at a building with a logo, the logo was like four squares, and it said Micsoft or something. Anyways,
    I immediately started watching and became addicted to the amazing site. It was amazing. The comment button, the like button, I loved it all.
    Never will I stop watching CZcams.

  • @chinyeregoodness5328
    @chinyeregoodness5328 Před 5 lety

    This is the best video I have ever watched regarding DNA, it did not only end in DNA, but also made me understand protein synthesis

  • @paradoxlab2023
    @paradoxlab2023 Před 4 lety +1

    Simply easy and quick way to explain..

  • @Renanbmx123
    @Renanbmx123 Před 8 lety +357

    better than magic, that is science

  • @Sunshine4ourtime
    @Sunshine4ourtime Před 8 lety +4

    You did a great job explaining this process...and your animation was equally awesome! I will recommend your video to other mothers for their children....

  • @almighty.saumya
    @almighty.saumya Před 5 lety

    This was so beautiful. I feel so happy that I came across this video. All my confusion is vanished. And the voice was just melodious. Thank you for making this.

  • @doriswhite1348
    @doriswhite1348 Před 4 lety +3

    Had no idea it was complicated. Very well explained. Thank you. (former teacher)

  • @TheFuronda
    @TheFuronda Před 8 lety +326

    Who else is here because they got a homework assignment based of this video?

  • @aya-vt4jm
    @aya-vt4jm Před 7 lety +3

    The more i know the more my mind get blowed , amazing , just amazing 😭❤️❤️

  • @telegnes4500
    @telegnes4500 Před 4 lety +2

    Jon Perry, thank you very much and to support your work i like and subscribed.

  • @Ignotus0
    @Ignotus0 Před 3 lety +1

    This video taught me more than two weeks worth of biology. Thanks for the assist!

  • @simonk4174
    @simonk4174 Před 7 lety +3

    I'm having this in biology class, and I find it very interesting.

  • @aroseland1
    @aroseland1 Před 8 lety +4

    Best explanation I've seen so far

  • @yangzom2750
    @yangzom2750 Před 3 lety +4

    Thanks this was super helpful! I have a better understanding of DNA now! Thank you so much! I hope this video helps others just as much as it's helped me, and hopefully even more! 🤗

  • @nouhabhy3067
    @nouhabhy3067 Před 3 lety

    Omg you can imagine how helpful this was!!!!
    I've benn studying DNA for many months and didn't understand it like I do now!!!
    Thanks a lot.

  • @akshatdixit3440
    @akshatdixit3440 Před rokem +3

    How on earth are you able to explain everything so simply and clearly❤

  • @dwaitanagrecha5607
    @dwaitanagrecha5607 Před 3 lety +4

    I really loved this video I'm still 13 and haven't yet studied DNA in detail but i kinda wanted to know what it and this video was really helpful thanks 😄 ❤️

  • @jacoblaufer8546
    @jacoblaufer8546 Před 4 lety +1

    This video helped me out right before a quiz. Thanks guys.

  • @pallhe
    @pallhe Před 3 lety +2

    Thanks so much. Very clearly and thoughtfully explained. I'm amazed by what I learned! Should have learned this decades ago.

  • @numguero
    @numguero Před 6 lety +3

    I loved the video, so cool and easy to understand, even for a person like me who don't know nothing about biology.

  • @kristinacotran
    @kristinacotran Před 9 lety +13

    Amazing!!! I love the visuals, clarity, and simplicity! It really adds continuity and provides the "whole picture" to wrap up the complexities of science :)

  • @TheBigcatdaddy1
    @TheBigcatdaddy1 Před 5 lety +1

    Thank you so much. This video really helps explain a complicated topic.

  • @YouTubeCreator1310
    @YouTubeCreator1310 Před rokem

    Thank you so much John Perry .
    You made the concept clear within 2 minutes, which was stuck in my mind for almost 2 years .

  • @mtahirmujtaba8583
    @mtahirmujtaba8583 Před 4 lety +4

    Thanks for the Urdu subtitles. It's a valuable contribution.

  • @arthistory99
    @arthistory99 Před 7 lety +19

    I was telling my daughter about Rosalind Franklin yesterday and she asked me "What is DNA?" She is 6 years old. I tried answering to best of my knowledge but felt a little lost myself! This is such an interesting and simple explanation. Your video is amazing - addresses almost all aspects, paces it very well, and is very complete for a novice! By the way, your channel is my first instant subscribe and its a big deal for me, I am usually very skeptical of subscribing but this was magical :)

    • @yangzom2750
      @yangzom2750 Před 3 lety

      same! well I was learning about Rosalind Franklin, then I decided to get more in-depth about DNA : )

  • @2010amrit1
    @2010amrit1 Před 5 měsíci +1

    my son really needed to know a little bit more about DNA . Thanks.

  • @Rich2150x
    @Rich2150x Před rokem

    Thanks John, it really helped.

  • @stefanieanguiano5983
    @stefanieanguiano5983 Před 7 lety +3

    why didn't i find this channel until now? this is awesome!

  • @hassanhemmati8495
    @hassanhemmati8495 Před 9 lety +8

    Hi this is Hassan Hemati's daughter and I'm going to say that Jon you really helped me to learn more about DNA THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @dropcatch5233
    @dropcatch5233 Před 4 lety

    The basics and mechanism of DNA and formation of life explained in a very simple manner. Great video.Very helpful in understanding the concepts.I am planning to watch your other videos.Thanks!

  • @niallcochrane3331
    @niallcochrane3331 Před 2 lety

    This is incredible - really easy to get a grasp of the concept. The motion graphics and voice over work really well together.

  • @pedrotalons1422
    @pedrotalons1422 Před 4 lety +8

    I think i finally understand! :D

  • @yvettemocete514
    @yvettemocete514 Před 9 lety +5

    My students loved this video! Thank you!
    Student A: "Very detailed, I loved it!"

  • @aufaaysha9289
    @aufaaysha9289 Před 3 lety

    So simple and clear!!! Thank you so much!!! I’m doing dental first year and I wasn’t clear with this, thank you for clearing this for me! ❤️❤️

  • @tjw4907
    @tjw4907 Před 4 lety +1

    beautiful visual representation and breakdown. I learned a lot from this

  • @goziecboldec642
    @goziecboldec642 Před 4 lety +3

    This video helped me so much. DNA makes RNA m,then RNA makes proteins. DNA is made out a bunch of atoms. DNA is what your body is made out of m,then RNA is a form of life. Thank you so much.😃😄. Can you please share another video about DNA. I am a year 4 learner and almost 8. You are the best youtuber ever. Thank you.

  • @scottmacfarlane2350
    @scottmacfarlane2350 Před 9 lety +145

    Oh my god, the comments. The comments . . . they hurt . . .
    If you watched this (excellent) video and have a question about it, go do some research, read a book, take a class. Shouting diatribe or pontificating here gets no one anywhere.

    • @sukhoy
      @sukhoy Před 9 lety +4

      Robert MacFarlane My thoughts exactly.

    • @johnpaulsamonte7591
      @johnpaulsamonte7591 Před 9 lety +2

      Yes, it really is sad. :(

    • @jassimlari834
      @jassimlari834 Před 8 lety

      You are right! Man ... !!

    • @NYCWIZARD
      @NYCWIZARD Před 8 lety +1

      now think about it. if these people can read above a 3rd grade level you think they would be watching CZcams videos

    • @katerinakripostna1264
      @katerinakripostna1264 Před 7 lety

      Scott MacFarlane ur poooooooo

  • @NuwanMendiskkk
    @NuwanMendiskkk Před 2 lety

    This is the first video you want to watch if you want to learn about DNA. This explains the whole picture.

  • @selvakumarjp7088
    @selvakumarjp7088 Před 4 lety +1

    I’m a biology student (22) From India
    But now I’m a graphics designer , your way of teaching and awesome graphics i like it ! thanks man, Keep rock

  • @robertcummings2099
    @robertcummings2099 Před 9 lety +315

    Honestly, who downvotes this stuff?

    • @itsmanjutube
      @itsmanjutube Před 9 lety +69

      who else other than creatards

    • @DominikLederhas
      @DominikLederhas Před 9 lety +46

      Idiots that either can't understand it well enough or ones that are too severely indoctrinated by their religion to have rational views of reality. ...Mostly both.

    • @benbennit
      @benbennit Před 9 lety +2

      Your mum.

    • @DominikLederhas
      @DominikLederhas Před 9 lety +8

      *****
      Oh, sorry, I might've put it wrong. I'm talking about creationists that can't understand it & therefore think its wrong.

    • @DominikLederhas
      @DominikLederhas Před 9 lety +2

      *****
      Why ...are you telling me all this?

  • @bonto42
    @bonto42 Před 10 lety +30

    I really like the art style

  • @aena_
    @aena_ Před rokem +2

    perfectly explained, illustrations are super helpful, thanks a lot sir

  • @matthew_dag6201
    @matthew_dag6201 Před 4 lety

    This video made my homework so much easier. I really appreciate you taking the time to make this video

  • @lorenangelli9169
    @lorenangelli9169 Před 4 lety +15

    It's wonderful to hear that explanation. I liked the way you deliver it, and I learned so much about this video."commended"

  • @tristananvilcaster
    @tristananvilcaster Před 4 lety +6

    Never understood this from class lectures, this made me understand it in 5 minutes. Thank you, just subscribed!!

  • @OzieCargile
    @OzieCargile Před 3 lety

    Best video of its kind on CZcams.

  • @maggygraham2218
    @maggygraham2218 Před 3 lety

    I eventually made it here in my search for understanding the PCR test. Awesome, appreciate it!

  • @aoifedonaghy4994
    @aoifedonaghy4994 Před 7 lety +9

    This is the first video about DNA that I actually understand fully hopefully it can help with my biology exam tomorrow! 😬

    • @akshitagoel2912
      @akshitagoel2912 Před 6 lety

      aoife donaghy Same! This video takes it from the BASICS to the complex things! Amazing!

  • @Mars-planet77
    @Mars-planet77 Před 4 lety +5

    Well that’s better than learning in school

  • @gracem9549
    @gracem9549 Před 3 lety +1

    This is the most clear description of DNA ever! 🤩

  • @useless1623
    @useless1623 Před 3 lety

    Thank you sooo much for this video I spent like two years not understanding what dna is and It always has been complicated for me but by only watching this video I understood how does it work . Please keep making these videos 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻

  • @IsThatAnzel
    @IsThatAnzel Před 10 lety +4

    these video's are so brilliant

  • @Emptymoon1
    @Emptymoon1 Před 7 lety +5

    FABULOUSLY BEAUTIFUL CHANNEL!!!

  • @claramercier7924
    @claramercier7924 Před 5 lety

    Love that channel, thank you for the clear explanations!

  • @iwmbrand4882
    @iwmbrand4882 Před 2 lety +1

    This is by far the best video on Dna I have ever seen thank you

  • @elnanoby7730
    @elnanoby7730 Před 7 lety +11

    I understood better the topic, i have a final exam tomorrow an this help me to study a lot!

  • @Moottorikitara
    @Moottorikitara Před 4 lety +30

    The best explanation I've EVER heard about DNA!

    • @clairechasse1199
      @clairechasse1199 Před 3 lety

      I am so glad to hear that! I also thought that was an amazing explanation. I've been teaching middle school science for the past 23 years and never have my students been able to understand this topic so quickly and clearly. Many thanks to this account and sending my best wishes to you all!
      -Claire

  • @basic-ly
    @basic-ly Před měsícem +2

    Thanks so much! I love this video. Great job!

  • @alisabizhikian6609
    @alisabizhikian6609 Před 8 měsíci

    thank you so much for the video! I've never gotten so much information within a 5 minute animation

  • @lovescience2139
    @lovescience2139 Před rokem +10

    I started teaching biology 10 years ago and I found this video in my feed a few days after you published it. I have been following your work since and sharing them with my students. Thank you so much for your contributions to science education.

  • @arturolar4619
    @arturolar4619 Před 10 lety +6

    This was a great video, very clearly explained. Thanks!

  • @daryllisais4778
    @daryllisais4778 Před rokem

    I did all u said @the last part! Tnx Man! Ur awesome

  • @Secretswingset
    @Secretswingset Před 3 lety +1

    Thank you for stating this clearly! Very helpful for my Human Biology class!! :)