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Thematic analysis in qualitative research - example of Braun and Clarke’s six stage process
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- čas přidán 15. 08. 2024
- Braun and Clarke's six stage thematic analysis - how should you use it in your qualitative research project?
Probably one of the most popular analytical methods for qualitative researchers, Braun and Clarke's approach is used by thousands of people across the world every year.
But, are they using it "properly"? How should Braun and Clarke's process be applied? What do people get wrong, what do they get confused over?
In this video, I walk you through Braun and Clarke's approach using an example study - so you can see exactly what to do at each stage, and the potential problems to look out for.
I'll explain the difference between generating codes and generating themes, help you understand what Braun and Clarke mean by "reflexive" and what this means for your research, and share a whole load of other helpful tips!
By the end of this video, you'll feel much more confident about Braun and Clarke's thematic analytical process and you'll be ready to start applying it to your own qualitative data.
Let me know your questions about the process in the comments!
Chapters
0:00 - 2:12 Outline of Braun and Clarke's six stage process and introduction to the example project
2:13 - 4:23 Stage 1: Familiarising yourself with the data
4:24 - 6:03 Stage 2: Generating initial codes
6:04 - 10:56 Stage 3: Generating initial themes
10:57 - 12:28 Stage 4: Reviewing themes
12:29 - 13:41 Stage 5: Defining and naming themes
13:42 - 14:35 Stage 6: Writing up
14:36 - 14:50 Conclusion
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If you need more help with your Braun and Clarke thematic analysis, check out my step-by-step guide, here's the link:
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Thank you for this explanation! School psychology doc student here and I am doing a mixed methods (survey and interviews) approach to understand the paraprofessional experience working in special education in Pennsylvania public schools. APA does not require qualitative courses nor considers them as an alternative to statistics requirements, so I had to take a general qualitative research course outside of my program. As helpful as it was, it definitely doesn't feel like it was enough compared to my 3+ years of grad stats! So thank you again for this video and the examples!!
Thank you so much for your comment! It sounds like you’re doing really important work with your mixed methods approach-understanding the paraprofessional experience in special education is such a valuable area of research. I can imagine it’s challenging to balance the qualitative aspects with your extensive background in stats, especially given the limited qualitative training available in some programs. It’s great that you’ve taken the initiative to supplement your learning, and I’m glad the video and examples were helpful. Best of luck with your research, and feel free to reach out if you have any more questions along the way!
Evening Dr. Your presentation is so helpful more specially to some of us who still struggling to write research proposal.
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Thank you so much for your kind words. I’m really glad the presentation has been helpful for you, especially as you work through the challenges of writing your research proposal. Just remember, it’s a process, and each step you take gets you closer to your goal. If you have any more questions or need further clarification, don’t hesitate to reach out. Best of luck with your proposal!
Hi, Thank you for the time and putting this explanation for thematic analysis forward. I am doing a qualitative research on the public perception of psychopathic personality.
Hi! Thank you so much for your comment. I’m glad you found the explanation helpful. Your research on public perception of psychopathic personality sounds fascinating and important-using thematic analysis should really help you uncover the key themes and patterns in people’s perceptions. If you have any specific questions as you go through your analysis, feel free to reach out. Best of luck with your research!
Thanks for this super simple explanation. I am looking at the Lived experiences of secondary school students facilitated with accommodations in LA.
Thank you for your comment! I'm glad the explanation was helpful. Your research on the lived experiences of secondary school students with accommodations in LA sounds incredibly important. Thematic analysis will be a great approach to capture and explore the patterns in their experiences. Wishing you all the best with your study!
Thank you for the video. I will be using reflexive thematic analysis and I have read the paper (Braun & Clark) on it. You have nicely covered it in this video.
Glad it was helpful! All the best with your analysis!
Thank you for this video! It is extremely helpful. I am currently completing my doctoral dissertation on the lasting emotional and behavioral effects of toxic leadership on generation x aged employees in the United States. This is a qualitative descriptive study exploring how generation x employees describe the emotional and behavioral impact of previous toxic leadership in subsequent work environments.
Thank you for your comment! I’m so glad you found the video helpful. Your dissertation on the effects of toxic leadership on Generation X employees sounds incredibly impactful. Best of luck with your research - I’m sure it will provide valuable insights into this important issue. Keep up the great work! 🤓
Thank you so much for the clarification; it's really beneficial. I would recommend adding Braun and Clarke (2020) to your title, as I was specifically looking for their latest edition. I noticed that most of the CZcams videos I found used their older version, which made it difficult to find the most up-to-date information. Including the latest edition in your title would be incredibly helpful for others in the same situation.
Well elaborated!! Thankyou so much.
You’re most welcome! All the very best with your research! 🤓
This is fantastic Elizabeth. I rececently ran a minfulness program at the vocational college that I teach at in Oz. I'm doing a phenomeolgical study, looking at the perceptions and expeiences from perspectives of both the lecturures and their students in six different vocations (business, cooking, nursing, plumbing, science and design). I've recently immersed myself in the data I collected through focus groups and interviews, next step is to start coding. My supervisor sent me through your link. This video is very useful indeed, especially in reassuring me that I'm on the right track! Cheers Steve.
Thank you so much for your kind words! I'm thrilled to hear that the video was helpful for your research. Your phenomenological study on mindfulness sounds incredibly interesting and valuable. It’s great that you’re feeling reassured about your next steps with coding. Best of luck with your analysis. If you have any more questions or need further guidance, feel free to reach out. Cheers!
The qualitative component of my dissertation uses Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis to study story themes in narratives written by deaf learners. Thank you for the video. It was helpful :)
Thanks for sharing! Wow, your research sounds fascinating! So pleased you found the video helpful. All the best with your studies :-)
Awesome video, one of the best examples out there. Well explained and the examples are useful! Thank you!
Glad you enjoyed it! I’m so pleased it was helpful 🤓
Great explanation. Thank you. I am using latent content analysis though. But some tips in here do apply to it as well. 😊
You’re very welcome, it’s great to hear some of my tips are helpful for your analysis! All the best with your project 🤓
@@DegreeDoctor thank you. I watch the videos all the time. They have helped me massively, my PhD is by thesis and publication. No coursework, so i have to discover a lot by myself. All the way from Namibia 🇳🇦, in Southern Africa.
I’m so pleased the videos have been helpful! Let me know if there are other topics you’d like to see covered on my channel 🤓
@@DegreeDoctorData Triangulation in qualitative research, specifically on how to report findings from different data sources if a researcher engaged 3 or more categories of participants. Can you also touch on the aspect of ensuring maximum variation? Thank you in advance
I’m currently using thematic analysis for my psychology undergraduate research project and this is really helpful, thank you!
I’m so pleased it’s been useful! All the best with your project! 💪🤓
Can I ask for assistance on mine
Sure, what can I help you with?
Great video - thank you! Doing a PhD on leadership!
You’re most welcome. What a great topic, I love anything leadership related!
Thanks so much, its a great video. I'm still feeling confused about how to create the codes and themes though-I think because my data quite clearly ansers my questions, and there are quite a lot of questions. so a: it all seems imortant and b: the codes or themes just seem to obvious/boring/basic. Im doing RTA for phenomenological research into the experiences of Queer people of colour on their counselling/therapy courses for my MSc. Its my first experience of research and I'm finding this part quite difficult!
Thank you so much for your kind words about the video! I’m glad you found it helpful. It’s completely understandable to feel a bit overwhelmed when working on your first research project, especially with something as nuanced as Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) for a phenomenological study.
When it comes to creating codes and themes, here are a few tips that might help:
Start with open coding: Go through your data and code anything that stands out as interesting or relevant. Don’t worry too much about making these codes perfect at this stage. The goal is to capture a wide range of potential insights.
Group similar codes together: Once you have your initial set of codes, start looking for patterns or connections between them. Group similar codes together to form initial themes.
Review and refine your themes: Check if these themes accurately reflect the nuances in your data. It’s okay if your initial themes seem basic - refinement comes with iterative review.
Focus on depth over breadth: Since your data answers your questions clearly, try to dive deeper into the nuances and complexities within those answers. Look for sub-themes or variations in experiences that might add richness to your analysis.
Engage with the literature: Look at existing research on similar topics to see how other researchers have approached coding and theme development. This can provide inspiration and a benchmark for your own work.
Reflect on your perspective: Since RTA is reflexive, consider how your own perspective and experiences might influence your interpretation of the data. This reflexivity can add depth to your analysis.
Remember, qualitative research is as much about the process as it is about the end result. It’s perfectly normal to find this part challenging, but with time and practice, it will become more intuitive. Keep going - your research on the experiences of Queer people of colour in counselling/therapy courses is incredibly valuable and important!
If you have any specific questions or need further clarification, feel free to reach out. Good luck with your MSc project!
v, nice video well explained!
Thank you, I’m so glad you liked it! 🙏🤓
I am doing more of policy research not for academic. For my research exploring integrated care practices in a district health system, we used a Rainbow Model Framework for Integrated Care (RMIC). My questions are 1. Am I doing thematic analysis or framework analysis? 2. Can my step 2 already coded according to the domain or themes in the RMIC? Thank you
Thank you for your questions!
Since you're using a pre-existing framework (RMIC), your approach aligns more with framework analysis rather than thematic analysis, which is more flexible and data-driven.
Yes, in framework analysis, it's common to start with predefined themes or domains. Coding your data according to the RMIC themes is appropriate and aligns with this method.
I hope this helps!
@@angelakeane-zk6ur do share resources to understand better on deductive thematic analysis vs framework analysis
@@DegreeDoctor Thanks; do share resources to understand better on deductive thematic analysis vs framework analysis