Introduction to Aristotle: Knowledge, Teleology and the Four Causes
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- čas přidán 22. 08. 2024
- In this video we introduce Aristotle's ideas on the nature of knowledge, his four causes, and his teleological view of nature.
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Aristotle: The Desire to Understand - amzn.to/1Z1e9tA (affiliate link)
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Just wanna say, I watch your channel more than any other, and it has helped me grow immensely. Instead of a mid life crisis, I have a new lease on life. Also, props for givin the white ambiguous figure a zakk wylde bullseye flying V. Excellent touch!
We're on Patreon, so consider supporting us! You can pledge any amount per video. Any support in helping us continue to create videos is greatly appreciated!
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+academyofideas The videos of you I watched so far seem really excellent. I'm contemplating creating a German version of all your 50+ videos; translating your audio and adding German translations on the video material. This is essential information that I believe should be also accessible to people who do not understand English very well. Would it be acceptable for you if I did this? I would add reference and credit for your channel in the beginning of every video.
+Brocaserter That sounds like a great idea. Why don't you pm me or email me to discuss further details.
Great stuff, the section on the identification of the formal and the final causes was very illuminating. Thanks!
+Jordan Q Ditto that! I've always had trouble understanding how one could maintain the existence of final causation in the universe without simultaneously maintaining the existence of a designer.
Fantastic video on Aristotle. You do his works and ideas great justice.
Great to see you back with some more great content! :)
here, here ... these are fantastic summaries, keep up the great work
+amakhija1 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hear,_hear
I am learning a lot from your channel. Thanks a lot.
So ahead of his time
Got so excited when I saw you'd uploaded a new video!! Brilliant and informative as always, hope to see more!
Thank you!
NIce to see you back with another video, great as always.
Hey... good stuff man. Structured and informative.
One request buddy.. please create videos on:
*What is Substance
*Induction and Deduction methods
*Sources of knowledge
*Deism, Theism and Pantheism
*Indian philosophy
*Social-political philosophy
*Religious philosophy
Hope I am not asking too much. :P
Thanks & Cheers! :)
Excellent video, nice to have you back!
Awesome, thanks for taking the time to enlighten us.
The teleology is pursuing form. Even if Plato was critical of platonic form, his view of teleology and platonic form do tend to go together (outside of some particulars). Evolutionary science as of late has come to show strong evidence for the idea of platonic idealism and how evolution operates. It is pretty complex... but essentially there are things that can't be selected for without having the idea there first.
I love this channel, you're so awesome man
I suppose it is true to say that Aristotle did not develop the connection between Nature's teleology and the Divine Intellect, but Aristotle's Metaphysics still included a Divine Intellect (Unmoved Mover). Also, followers of Aristotle's school developed the connection between God and Final Causality of Nature (Such as Aquinas). So I fail to see how someone could have an atheistic view of Aristotelianism. There is a Divine Intellect in Aristotle's Metaphysics, and his followers have developed how this Intellect relates to Final Causality, so we cant simply ignore said Divine Intellect.
there was a lot of shit they didn't understand in 300BC. we now understand what they didn't because we have very advanced science. most of the things they couldn't explain back then are now explained. so using modern techniques to study the ancient philosophers would lead anyone to know that god doesn't exist.
You can't know God doesn't exist since it's unfalsifiable.
AlchemistOfNirnroot I love your name, but disagree with your statement.
@@deannam1981 then how does he not exist? To make it clear, we are speaking of god from a deistic perspective, not exactly christian.
@@deannam1981what a ridiculous claim that your last sentence is. Which is obviously false since it’s not true that anybody who studies modern techniques thinks this. You don’t understand the distinctions between scientific and philosophical claims.
12:20 I vehemently disagree with the assertion that humans “thirst for knowledge”, a few thirst while most are starting to look like NPC’s here to challenge me spiritually and intellectually.
That the availability of and capacity for knowledge varies,
does not change the fact that humans thirst for knowledge.
@@differous01 nah, I think most thirst for anything but knowledge...I guess we'll have to agree to disagree.
@@KatyWantsToGo Which begs the question: "What are you comparing 'most' to?" Aliens? Angels?
@@differous01 not really interested in deciphering your comment...
@@differous01 if folks were really thirsty for knowledge they wouldn't own 3 tvs, be in debt up to their neck, or vote. I could go on for hours...
Thank you doctor, really, great lecture.
Excellent Content! Thanks for posting
Wish you would make a video on Aristotelian Hylomorphism and his critique of Plato's Theory of the Forms! Maybe you can also contrast their views on the Soul as well! Thanks!
Fantastic summary, my friend
-Fellow lover of Aristotle
Fantastic video, Aristotle's views are so refreshing nowadays.
Great video, made the topic way easier to understand, you're the best
When you think about this stuff, you realize this needs to be fundamental knowledge. ie Basic knowledge we are taught in schools.
4:10-5:54
Four Causes; used in art history to identify a particular art piece.
Wonderful as always. Thank you.
I missed you.
You're back - true statement.
Notes On A Conditional Form now makes sense to me
Thanks
The whole form must be observed... similar to the logician''s notion of Apprehension. An apprehension of one aspect can not exist apart from the whole of which it resides.
Very powerful.
Please make a video about Plato.
"Final causes" could be considered as "emergent properties" of any system.
I disagree about "everything existing for the sake of the end". I mean, the process is important for itself, not only for the goal it has. If so, I should work all my life for having money instead of enjoying some free time
fantastic
shared.
Sir can you suggest the perticular book on epistemology of Aristotle?
God damn, good stuff!
Final Cause = Q. Why? A. Why not?
Fascinating
His ideas are so similar to Goethe !
CHRIST is the Purpose of all reality. For from, through, and FOR Him were all things made!
SHALOM!
what is the significance of this four causes
The problem with modern day scholars is that they have too much practical n logical knowledge but somehow miss the fact that Nothing/No statement is absolute in this world. Paradoxes of god.
Video about the ethics of aristotle?
guys I need an example for each of the cases
Also known to be the world's very first scientist.
Why's that?
That’s Hercules?? Looks more like Santa Claus.
8:35 - what??
Personally I have a hard time understanding how one can believe everything was designed with a purpose yet not believe in a designer. How did that item get that purpose in the first place? What decided it's purpose and how it would achieve it's purpose?
read existentialism
I got sent here by a comment on Africa
What is that painting called at 7:00?
Would it be fair to say that he believes existence precedes essence?
Yes, thats exactly what he believes. Act precedes Potency.
where do you get the quotes from
00:48 +economics ;)
The four causes sound like what? How? Who? And why?
5:45
Spinoza refuted the teleology of Aristotle
Many came to Refute The first teacher but none succeeded
Glad I never had to take him in college cause this is 😪😪😪😪
JP Catholic Students Unite!
Puzzles intercenttttttttttttttt
לבפך¥⏰ jealousymao
Geez Aristotle is hard to digest.
Potential (imaginary) energy is dual to kinetic (actual, real) energy, gravitational energy is dual.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy).
Randomness is dual to order.
Thesis is dual to anti-thesis leads to synthesis -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic.
Efficient cause (thesis) is dual to material cause (anti-thesis) creates formal cause which synthesizes final cause -- immanent teleology or the Aristotelian dialectic.
Being is dual to non being creates becoming -- Plato.
Noumenal is dual to phenomenal -- Immanuel Kant.
Hume's fork: Absolute truth is dual to relative truth, "the relation of ideas' is dual to the 'matter of facts'.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
Convergence is dual to divergence, integration is dual to differentiation.
Mind is dual to matter -- Descartes.
Thinking or thought forms converge in the mind to synthesize predictions and expectations to track targets, goals -- teleology or syntropy.
@Hans Bauer Well done, you are the first person to ask this question. I have a background in designing and developing software for target tracking systems which boils down to something called a Kalman filter. The Kalman filter is a target tracking algorithm and if you study the basic equations or watch a good CZcams video you will see that target tracking or goals, objectives, intentions require the observer to make a prediction, the target tracking process forces the observer or measurer to make a guess, expectation or a prediction, this is hardwired into the algorithm. The physics of information theory (Claude Shannon) states that maximizing entropy results in minimizing redundancy of your messages or communication which means that you are optimizing your mutual information or prediction. Syntropy is the name given to this process of optimizing your mutual or common information.
The word syntropy literally means 'a tendency to converge'.
The word entropy means 'a tendency to diverge' or differentiate.
Convergence is dual to divergence.
Syntropy is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law.
The word convergence (syntropy) in physics is usually applied to particles, atoms, masses, charges or localized forms or targets, goals, it is a 'focusing' process.
Generalization is dual to localization.
Divergence and convergence are used in the 'diffusion equation' and the 'continuity equation' of physics.
Syntropy means to converge on a target or form a target, target tracking -- teleology.
Syntropy is a dual process to that of increasing entropy which means that duality is being conserved. Your brain is continually maximizing entropy so it is also maximizing syntropy or forming optimized predictions to track targets. Your brain forms an expectation or prediction map this is well known in neuroscience, watch the first episode of this series:-
www.eagleman.com/thebrain
In physics you can connect syntropy with black holes which are convergent.
Energy is dual to matter -- Einstein
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
The importance of the 4th law is that it leads to the idea of duality: two sides of the same coin.
I was watching the following film about Claude Shannon last night:-
thebitplayer.com/
In this film Mr Shannon actually uses the phrase "two side of the same coin" he is therefore talking about duality. Aristotle and these Greeks were smart people.
@Hans Bauer Information is related to probability and prediction. In a communication channel the receiver of the message is trying to predict the message sent by the sender. If the receiver can predict completely the message then the mutual information between sender and receiver is maximized. If the mutual information between sender and receiver is zero then the message is completely unpredictable or random. Prediction and mutual information are the same thing. Syntropy is the process of maximizing mutual information or optimizing your prediction.
Syntropy (mutual information, prediction) is dual to entropy -- the 4th law.
Teleological physics is dual to non teleological physics.
The relation between mutual information and entropy is stated in the following equations:-
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_theory
Entropy is converted into mutual information (prediction) by minimizing the conditional entropy in the relevant equation -- Syntropy or convergence towards a target of optimized prediction.
Randomness is dual to order (predictability).
Randomness (entropy) is converted into predictability -- syntropy
Information is becoming mutual information, the word mutual implies duality between sender and receiver.
Entropy = mutual information (prediction) when the conditional entropy = 0.
Your brain is constantly turning entropy (information) into optimized predictions to track targets -- teleology, the dual process of syntropy.
@Hans Bauer Once you understand the concept of syntropy then you should realize that duality has to be conserved at all times.
The conservation of duality becomes the 5th law of thermodynamics! Energy is duality, duality is energy.
You can prove the 5th law with Noether's theorem.
Symmetry is dual to conservation -- the duality of Noether's theorem. The conservation of duality means the following is correct:-
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
Philosophy indeed makes you more knowledgeable aware of any subject. The main reason I chose to learn more about it was because I believe it can boost my comprehension and my learning abilities which I could make use of in the fields I desire, mainly software. You seem knowledgeable. Do you believe the same? Are there any books that helped you in understanding? Do you believe nowadays this form of thinking is ignored and the ones who don’t ignore it, don’t say anything either for the power this form of thinking can bring?
@@vladimirchudyk995 Knowledge is dual according to Immanuel Kant.
Synthetic a priori knowledge -- Immanuel Kant, for instance space/time is something we just have to accept as given.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
If you read "The Critique of Pure reason" then Immanuel Kant does explain this.
I like the following series of lectures:-
czcams.com/video/Yat0ZKduW18/video.html
I have modified my ideas about Aristotle's four causes:-
Start is dual to finish, beginning is dual to end.
First or efficient cause is dual to final cause -- Aristotle.
Formal or material cause are by-products of conserving this duality.
The universe or reality of matter and energy exists between or amid the initial and final causes, matter and energy = material and formal cause.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
"Concepts without percepts are empty, percepts without concepts are blind" -- Immanuel Kant.
Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant.
"Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind" -- Einstein.
Science is dual to religion -- the mind duality of Albert Einstein.
Einstein pinched his quote from Kant.
Optimized or rational, analytic thinking results in optimized predictions (syntropy) which are used to track targets and goals -- thinking is a syntropic process, teleological.
Mind (the internal soul, syntropy) is dual to matter (the external soul, entropy) -- Descartes.
The mind/soul is dual according to Descartes!
Photons or electro-magnetic waves connect your mind to the outside world of matter.
Photons or pure energy must therefore be dual, electro is dual to magnetic.
Energy is duality, duality is energy -- generalized duality.
Nature is the creator
"Human beings by virtue of having rationality, are animals that naturally desire explanations of things in the world."
Ha ha
Old Aristotle didn't know any Americans it seems.
Buddha is more practical.
MGTOW