Benzene + HNO3 = ??? (No reaction)

Does Benzene React with HNO3? The answer is NO
unless there is also H2SO4 around.
H2SO4 can donate a proton to HNO3, which makes H2NO3+, which breaks apart to form H2O and NO2+. This NO2+ ion is an electrophile, and so a pair of electrons from benzene can attack it, like a regular electrophilic substitution. This forms Nitrobenzene, C6H5NO2.
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